Charcoal rot causes severe yield loss in mungbean. To sustain the crop health, it is vital to include alleles that may be useful in resisting the charcoal rot disease. Therefore, in the present ...study, genetic divergence using ISSR primers across six samples were studied for charcoal rot resistance. One resistant and one susceptible cultivars of mung bean namely, WBM 4–34-1–1 and PDM-139, respectively were used in the present investigtion. Leaf samples were treated with an elicitor, Salicyclic acid (SA) at 1 milli molar (mM) and
Macrophomina phaseolina
was inoculated at 15 DAS and untreated seedlings served as a check. Total genomic DNA was isolated from leaf samples of 15 days old seedlings of both the genotypes and ISSR genotyping was performed with six ISSR primers
i.
e., UBC- 847, ISSCR 2, ISSCR 5, UBC 825, A9 and C6. The primers UBC-847 and ISSCR-2 were observed to show moderate polymorphism of 15.15%. The UPGMA clustering method differentiated the test samples into three clusters
i.e
., Cluster I includes only one sample viz., Bireshwar genotype treated with Salicyclic acid @ 1 mM. Cluster II was the major one that included three samples viz
.
., Bireshwar genotype (Control), Samrat genotype (Control) and Samrat genotype of mungbean treated with Salicyclic acid @ 1 mM (SA @1 mM) and Cluster III included two samples viz. Bireshwar treated with salicyclic acid @ 1 mM and inoculated with pathogen (SA@1 mM with Pathogen Inoculated), Samrat genotype treated with salicyclic acid @ 1 mM and inoculated with pathogen (SA@1 mM with Pathogen Inoculated). These findings indicate that the mungbean genotypes used in the present study could enrich the local gene pool and provide information for charcoal rot resistance breeding.
In this paper, a novel microring resonator (MRR)-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometric (MZI) structure to operate as an electro-optic half adder utilizing the optical switching phenomenon of Si-MRR ...is proposed. The proposed device has two Si-MRRs with dual inputs, used in the tandem configuration in the lower and upper arms of an MZI structure. An externally controllable optical ‘π’ phase shifter is also incorporated in one of the arms of the MZI. The carrier-injected forward-biased PIN waveguide structure is incorporated into the ring resonator architecture to achieve the extinction ratio (ER) tunability. For the proposed electro-optic adder, −1.85 V and +2 V are considered as logic 0 and 1, respectively. One of the output terminals will emulate an optical AND gate providing the carry bit (CB), while the other output terminal will emulate an optical EX-OR gate offering the sum bit (SB). The proposed device was modeled and simulated using MATLAB. The simulation results estimate the simulated static ER of the SB and CB is 27.44 dB and 18.08 dB, respectively. To demonstrate the proposed device’s efficacy, two 10 Gb/s PRBS input streams at 1550 nm were used, and the time domain simulation results indicate a successful electro-optic half adder suitable for photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
In this paper, we proposed a novel electro-optic reconfigurable OR to Ex-OR gate and vice-versa. The proposed design consists of two microring resonators (MRR), employed in parallel, in a ...Mach–Zehnder interferometric (MZI) structure’s upper and lower arms with a tunable phase shifter attached in its lower arm, and can be controlled externally. The design will work as an OR gate when the phase of the tunable phase shifter is 0, and it will work as an Ex-OR gate when the phase is ‘π’. The micro-ring resonator employs an electro-optic modulation technique based on carrier injection, with electrical voltage sets 2 V and -1.85 V respectively for logic 1 and logic 0. We have also studied the performance of the Ex-OR gate when the phase shift deviates from the ideal required value. The extinction ratio obtained for Ex-OR operation is 17 dB and for OR operation it is 7.58 dB respectively. To demonstrate the circuit’s working operation at a data rate of 10 Gbps, @1550 nm time domain simulations were carried out with two electrical information bit streams fed into it.
Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has become an epidemic and remains the leading cause of death and disability in people of 2nd to 4th decade. Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) are responsible ...for the majority of cases. Primary brain injury sustained on impact and secondary brain injury that develops in following hours and days contribute together to overall injury and decides ultimate outcome. The goal of management in any TBI patient aims to prevent secondary brain injury. Understanding the importance of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) is key to minimise secondary injury. Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a novel technique of reducing ICP in patients of severe brain injury. It’s judicious and timely performance not only saves life but also prevents the dreaded consequences of raised ICP. Aim: To evaluate the role of early decompressive hemicraniectomy in improving the survival rate among patients of severe TBI and analysing the important factors (glasgow coma scale, airway status, timing of surgery) affecting the surgical outcome. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Odisha, India between September 2016 to March 2020. Case records of 60 patients of TBI who had undergone unilateral Decompressive Craniectomy (DECRA) were analysed. The decision for decompressive hemicraniectomy was purely based upon Glasgow Coma Scale GCS) and Computed Topography (CT) findings. The presence of an evacuable mass lesion, diffuse oedema and obliteration of basal cistern in CT was considered to be the most important criteria for the early decompressive procedure. Patients were assessed until their discharge from ward. Statistical analysis was performed by statistical package for science version 12. Results: A total of 60 patients with severe TBI, who underwent DECRA were analysed. Road Traffic Accident (RTA) was the predominant mechanism of injury. All had presence of a surgically evacuable mass lesion along with compression/obliteration of the basal cistern. The majority of mass lesions (n=42) were frontotemporal contusions (70%). Forty patients of total achieved good surgical outcome (66.67%) and rest 20 patients (33.33%) had poor outcomes. Overall incidence of complications was around 40%. The most important factors associated with good outcomes were GCS of 7 and and above, patent airway, and early surgery. Conclusion: Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a novel technique of reducing ICP which acts by directly breaking the rigid box phenomenon of Monro-Kellie doctrine. However patient selection, prompt decision, earliest intervention, adoption of standard technique of DECRA and post operative critical care management are important aspects behind the successful outcome.
Field experiment was conducted during 2008-09 and 2009-10 to study the influence of different weather factors on the development of early blight on tomato caused by Alternaria solani (Ell. and Mart.) ...under six different fungicidal treatments and also to compare the two transformation models viz. Logit and Gompertz through which the disease progress curve move over time. Here, different prediction equationswere developed for each fungicide treatment separately through step down multiple regression analysis which showed that different meteorological factors having different influence on disease severity and these were done after Logistic and Gompertz transformation of the realized observed value of the disease severity (expressed as AUDPC).Results revealed that among the six fungicides tested Mancozeb was superior in controlling the disease severity with the lowest (AUDPC: 97.34 and 95.74) for the two experimental years respectively. Linearization of area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) following the two models (Logit and Gompit) showed that Gompit fit better than Logit for the prediction of early blight disease severity and this was confirmed by the low standard error estimate value of Gompertz. The co-efficient of determination value (R2) showed thatvariation in disease severity can be explained up to 77 percent (with an exception 85percent in case of Mancozeb application in 2009-10) in Logistic as well as 88 percent in Gompertz with combined effect of the weather variables included in the present study. Among the seven meteorological factors considered only average temperature,RH and total rainfall were found to act positively and significantly,whereas, bright sunshine hours were found to have negative significant effect on early blight disease severity on tomato. These situations were observed in both the transformation models but vary with in the treatments and with in the years.
Abstract Introduction MPAL (Multi Phenotypic Acute Leukemia), BAL (Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia), AUL (Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia), ALAL (Acute Leukemia of Ambiguous Lineage), HAL (Hybrid Acute ...Leukemia), HAL (Hybrid Acute Leukemia), MLL (Mixed Lineage Leukemia) and aBLL (acute BiLineal Leukemia) represent different names of the same pathology or do these entities represent completely separate disease processes? These rather uncommon manifestations of acute leukemia complicate strict taxonomical sub grouping as well as their management. Rapid identification & swift management may restrict further neurological damage, while achieving hematological remission. Case description A 16 year female presented with gradual onset paraplegia for 7 months, a history of multiple blood transfusions in the past 2 years, pancytopenia, atypical cells in peripheral smear; the hematological and bone marrow work up revealed a diagnosis of: MPAL, B/Myeloid , NOS Multi Phenotypic Acute Leukemia, B cell {lymphoid}/Myeloid, not otherwise specified. An ALL type induction regimen was started. The management strategy, it's rationale and the clinical outcome are discussed. Conclusion For routine neurosurgical practice, these entities are extremely rare; and hence a working knowledge is very essential for appropriate & timely management notwithstanding the neurosurgical desire to rule out the compressive lesions first. Neurological status deterioration may be halted with timely institution of appropriate chemotherapy. In the extensive literature review in pubmed, this may be only the 1st case of MPAL with extramedullary neurological manifestation, at the first clinical presentation.
The disease starts appearing about 40-50 days after planting and continue till complete defoliation depending upon the susceptibility of the variety and the prevailing weather mostly temperature, ...relative humidity, rainfall and bright sunshine hour. ...an attempt was made to assess the loss by calculating the losses in yield and fruit loss under protected (spraying of fungicide) and unprotected (control) condition the effect of different weather factors on disease development in tomato during rabi season of 2008 and 2009 has also been analysed. Average number of fruit loss / plant was noticed maximum in Patharkuchi (44.81 percent) followed by EG 294 (42.73 percent), ARTH-128 (42.46 percent) andBSS494 (41.20 percent) showed similar type reduction in fruit number/plant (Table 1). ...it clearly indicated that early blight might cause upto 38.81 percent loss in yield and 44.81 percent loss in average fruit yield depending upon the susceptibility of the variety, age of the plant and the prevailing weather condition at that particular time period.
Today India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and with liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation it is poised to grow further. But the question arises whether we are really ...ready for this growth? Whether our students are skilled enough to compete worldwide and be a partner in this growth mechanism? The answer is big ‘No’. It is a fact that education, lifelong learning and training are essential, but by themselves inadequate to help individuals gain good and decent jobs. The employability scenario of graduates in India is undoubtedly an area of great concern. In recent times information Communication Technology plays an important role for the employability scenario in India. The old concepts of literate and illiterate society have been replaced by digital divided. Considering the growing demand of industry it is high time for all the students to be part of ICT driven education and training system. Further the growing demand of artificial intelligence and data analytics put the students in more challenging position to obtain a job. The present paper is a conceptual one and it will be an addition to the existing literature related to employability issues.
Southern leaf blight of maize (Bipolaris maydis) is one of the major disease in many countries including India. An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during rabi 2019 and 2020 to ...develop an integrated management of southern leaf blight of maize using fungicides, botanicals and bioagents under natural field conditions. Propiconazole was found to be the best and showed 100% mycelial growth inhibition in vitro at 0.1%. Among the botanicals, citronella showed 99.70% mycelial growth inhibition and Trichoderma harzianum was found to be the best with 84.26% mycelial growth inhibition among the biocontrol agents. The results of the field trials showed the highest yield performance (2601.71 kg ha-1) and percent reduction in disease severity over control of 61.70 % in the treatment comprising of seed treatment+spraying with propiconazole 25% EC @ 1% which was followed by treatment comprised of spraying with citronella @ 0.1% (2445.33 kg ha-1) and spraying with propiconazole 25% EC @ 0.1% (2349.26 kg ha-1). Highest BC ratio was obtained in seed treatment+spraying with propiconazole 25% EC @ 1% (4.05) followed by spraying with Trichoderma harzianum @ 4 g (3.71) and seed treatment+spraying with Trichoderma harzianum @ 4 g (3.69). The results showed that seed treatment+spraying with propiconazole 25% EC @ 1% was significantly superior over other treatments.