Industrial control systems (ICSs) are transitioning from legacy-electromechanical-based systems to modern information and communication technology (ICT)-based systems creating a close coupling ...between cyber and physical components. In this paper, we explore the ICS cybersecurity landscape including: 1) the key principles and unique aspects of ICS operation; 2) a brief history of cyberattacks on ICS; 3) an overview of ICS security assessment; 4) a survey of "uniquely-ICS" testbeds that capture the interactions between the various layers of an ICS; and 5) current trends in ICS attacks and defenses.
Purpose
This study aims to measure the influence of the barriers present in the knowledge transfer at the sales process, by the franchisor to the franchisee, in language schools in the São Paulo/SP ...city, Brazil. The theoretical aspects include the transfer of knowledge displayed through communication model and barriers inherent in this process. Using (Szulanski 1996) approach the barriers may occur in relation to, namely, the content of knowledge; context; the source; the recipient.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology is quantitative and the type of research is exploratory and descriptive. For this investigation was used an adapted version of the questionnaire developed by Szulanski (1996), applied to a sample of 79 franchised language schools linked to the Brazilian Franchise Association. Beyond factor analysis it was used the nonparametric test of Jonckheere-Terpstra and analysis of variance, to comparing schools.
Findings
The results of this analysis revealed that certain types of knowledge transfers are evaluated by the franchisees as more favorably or unfavorably according to the brand franchise. These results show a lack of standardization trend of the activities of the sales process and mismatches with the guidelines of the franchisor. The authors highlight that in the comparison between the brands is evident the dominance of the CNA in relation to other networks of language franchises when analyzed the relationship factors, technical adequacy, absorption of knowledge, competence to absorb knowledge and in the indicators contribution to revenue, acceptance of guidelines and bring results.
Originality/value
This research contributes to the identification of barriers that are involved during the transfer of practices of the franchisor to the franchisee on the knowledge of the sales process in language schools, awakening in franchisee reflections of improvements and solutions that can be worked on and developed in their units. Specifically, the study contributes to the knowledge management literature in franchises, as this topic is still emerging, as it presents conflicting findings.
On 17 June 2017, one of the most dramatic and destructive wildfires in Portugal’s History started, formed by a complex of at least five wildfires that merged together burning more than 45,000 ...hectares. In its aftermath, 66 persons lost their lives, most of them trying to run away from the fire, more than 250 were injured, and over 1000 structures (including 263 residential homes) were damaged or destroyed, with direct losses estimated at around 200 million euros. Shortly after the fire was extinguished, and as part of a larger analysis, the authors performed exhaustive field work to assess the fire impact on all manmade structures in the area of the Pedrógão Grande fire. A specific geodatabase was built, accounting for an extensive set of parameters aimed at characterizing: (i) The structure, (ii) the surroundings of the structure, and (iii) the arrival and impact of the fire. A total of 1043 structures were considered for the analysis, mostly support structures, like sheds or storage (38.6%), but also around 25% of dwellings (13.3% primary and 11.9% secondary). Regarding the ignitions, more than 60% of the structures were ignited due to the deposition of firebrands in different weak points. In addition, more than 60% of these ignitions occurred on the roofs, mainly because of the vulnerability associated with the structures and materials supporting them. Despite these results, and from what we observed on the structures that were not destroyed, we still consider that for the Portuguese reality houses are a good refuge, providing that they and their surroundings are managed and kept in good conditions.
As organizações se moldam a partir da busca pela adaptação da economia dinâmica no mercado, resultado de fatores que lhes darão vantagens competitivas para se sobressaírem perante seus concorrentes. ...Ademais, é percebido que as empresas buscam cada vez mais a inserção da responsabilidade social em seus processos durante toda a sua cadeia de suprimentos, como forma de se adequarem às novas regulamentações ambientais e desejos dos seus clientes. Deste modo, o presente artigo aborda, como objetivo central, qual é o grau de aderência das dimensões de sustentabilidade no contexto da gestão cadeia de suprimentos do café, a partir da perspectiva do consumidor, em relação às perspectivas ambientais, econômicas e sociais, visto que o café orgânico é parte desta inserção sustentável. Para este trabalho, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa descritiva de natureza quantitativa. A partir desta análise, concluiu-se que há uma forte aderência à sustentabilidade por parte dos consumidores.
Abstract Studies on supply chain management have been focused on competitiveness from the alignment of suppliers to the company's main strategic interests, with the assumption that this alignment ...benefits all chains. In this approach, unmet interests of these suppliers are hidden when submitted to the subordination of the main company. This work aimed to understand how the supply chain of the agricultural machinery industry is managed, with the sociology of absences as a category of analysis. This is a descriptive and qualitative approach research, with the participation of six respondents, executives of companies providing implements for the three main agricultural machinery companies in the world. During the research, we sought to connect seven dimensions of supply chain management with the macro-sociological procedure of investigation of the sociology of absences. The results showed that the supply chain management of the agricultural machinery industry promotes the five non-logical existence (monocultures), putting smaller companies' supply chain members in a situation of absence and concealment, disregarding their knowledge and interests.
Resumo Os estudos sobre a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos têm tido como foco a competitividade a partir do alinhamento das empresas fornecedoras aos interesses estratégicos da empresa principal, tendo como pressuposto que esse alinhamento beneficia toda a cadeia. Nesta abordagem, ficam ocultos os interesses não atendidos dessas empresas fornecedoras ao se submeterem à subordinação da empresa principal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como a cadeia de suprimentos da indústria de máquinas agrícolas é gerenciada, tendo como categoria de análise a sociologia das ausências. A pesquisa, descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa, contou com a participação de seis entrevistados, executivos de empresas fornecedoras de implementos para as três principais empresas mundiais de máquinas agrícolas. Durante a pesquisa, relacionaram-se sete dimensões da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos com o procedimento macrossociológico de investigação da sociologia das ausências. Os resultados apontaram que a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos da indústria de máquinas agrícolas promove as cinco lógicas da não existência (monoculturas), colocando as empresas menores integrantes da cadeia de suprimentos em uma situação de ausência e ocultação, desconsiderando seus saberes e interesses.
This paper deals with the to the supply chain strategic management of organic products. The objective of this study is to propose a model that integrates the concepts of supply chain management ...(SCM), transaction costs theory (TTC) and bullwhip effect in supply chain of organic products generating propositions that will direct future empirical research. Therefore, this paper proposes that the SCM and TTC can contribute in reducing the distortion of perception of demand along the supply chain of organic products. A conceptual model relating the three variables studied was elaborated and three theoretical future empirical investigations to propositions in order to solve the problem of the bullwhip effect, namely the distortion of perception of demand along the supply chain of organic products.
Objective: evaluate the influence of participation in cycles of the ALI Program in the innovative ambience of Medicatriz Dermocosmetics from 2013 to 2020. Investigated context: the basis of the ALI ...Program methodology was defined by eight premises: concrete results; use of indicators; results for Sebrae and the innovation ecosystem; involvement of the company's team; collective construction of solutions; tools; companies motivated to innovate; and ALI as a facilitator to overcome the dilemma of having a good creative potential, but without converting into innovations that provide increased sales. Intervention: adopt mechanisms to solve the diagnosed problems, some interventions of open innovation, co-creation, branding, ethnographic research, current customer, and employee satisfaction were proposed for each cycle of participation. Results: in the first cycle, eleven new products were launched using nanotechnology and sensory transversality; in the second, there was a sub-category of customers and humanized projects for customers, employees, and social circles; in the third, remodeling of workshops, creation of paid courses, school visits, supervised internship, and advanced support; and in the fourth, a model for recognizing employees was created. Conclusion: the promotion of the continued practice of innovation actions in small companies and contributions to Medicatriz permeated the four dimensions of innovation. The company understands that investment in human development increases the chances of organizations becoming productive and engaging for their employees, suppliers, and customers.
Purpose – Risk tolerance, understood as the willingness of accepting a certain amount of risk which was perceived in an uncertain scenario, has been broadly studied under the framework of personal ...financial. This research aims to validate a scale for investment risk tolerance when dealing with real assets, in a business context.
Design/methodology/approach – A survey was performed with 150 managers, directors, and entrepreneurs who make investment decisions regarding real assets in the commerce, industry, and service sectors. Exploratory factorial analysis was performed was applied to detect the dimensionality of Risk Tolerance construct.
Findings – Risk Tolerance in real assets investments is a construct composed by two dimensions, the first factor is related to the familiarity of the decision-maker with the company and its investments, and it was denominated comfort and security, following the original dimension from personal finance research. The second dimension refers to the unpredictability and the complexity of risky investments in real assets, and it was denominated ‘black box effect’. The last factor, however, did not achieve the standards of reliability and it need further research.
Resumo: O objetivo principal desse trabalho consiste em detalhar a implantação de uma inovação tecnológica, com a adoção do separação com códigos de barras e Rádio frequência, desenvolvida nas etapas ...de definição de requisitos de sistema e estrutura geral, na determinação dos procedimentos operacionais e seus respectivos métodos e na avaliação e validação do modelo. Em termos de diagnóstico do problema da empresa, os principais problemas elencados voltam-se separação do produto, erros de etiquetagem de Stock Keeping Unit (SKU), falta de produtos, falta de lançamentos de volumes ou lançamento errado, aferição de dados logísticos controvertidos, lotes de fabricação, fragmentação de quantidades de itens pendentes, erros de transporte e faturamento. A intervenção proposta na adoção do sistema de picking, dentro do macroprocesso e atendimento aos requisitos da MSR, extraídos do Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ). Os principais resultados voltam-se a redução dos desperdícios identificados no processo de picking, embalagens, redução do nível de erros, melhoria na gestão dos fluxos operacionais e materiais.
Palavras-chave: Inovação. Processo de Picking. Logística.
Brazil is one of the countries where agribusiness has more space and potential to develop. Thus, currently, agribusiness in the country is the main pillar of the Brazilian economy. However, the ...traditional system brings with it many social and, above all, environmental problems. Given this, family farming takes place in this scenario with its sustainable techniques. The main objective of this article was to verify the role of family farming in the sustainable development of agribusiness in the metropolitan region of Campinas (MRC). For this, a research of the descriptive type of qualitative nature was promoted with the participation of professionals who invest and operate in family farming, as well as executives who work in the Association of Natural Agriculture of Campinas and Region (ANC). Family farming is the main economic activity in many regions of Brazil and needs to be strengthened and studied. The potential of family farmers to generate employment and income must be observed throughout the future development of Brazilian agriculture. As a result of the research, it was perceived, in the economic dimension, the great need for credit and economic incentive by the State. In the social dimension, these state incentives would also help to create or strengthen the social value of an association or union. Finally, in the environmental dimension, it was seen and confirmed that family farmers have great environmental responsibility with their production technique.
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