The Premature Mortality of Micro and Small Enterprises Pérez-Campdesuñer, Reyner; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Alexander; García-Vidal, Gelmar ...
Zagreb international review of economics & business,
11/2023, Letnik:
26, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract The economy of Ecuador is characterized by a high predominance of micro and small enterprises. Multiple of these organizations are created each year and, as a general rule, the highest ...percentage die in their first year. Which is a strong reason for the abundance of research aimed at understanding the nature of their behavior. These studies assume different streams of analysis, which are developed from dissimilar areas of knowledge. This particular research seeks to evaluate how multiple variables affect the high annual mortality rate shown by micro and small enterprises. For this purpose, the descriptive statistics of the behavior of the variables are initially used to later identify, through a discriminant analysis, the variables that best explain a possible closure, which are: the attitude of entrepreneurs to face risks and failures, their perseverance, as well as the effectiveness of the feasibility studies that support the birth of the ventures.
Entrepreneurship is an important part of any economy today regardless of its level of development. However, not in all contexts do entrepreneurs operate in the same way, nor are they motivated by the ...same factors. This research seeks to identify possible coincidence factors and differences between entrepreneurs that operate in different contexts from the point of view of their historical evolution, the duration of these and the economic and social model applied in the countries. Specifically, a comparative study is carried out between entrepreneurs from the republics of Ecuador and Cuba considering various variables such as: personality characteristics (attitude to failure, risk, perseverance and innovation), use of the available time fund for work in entrepreneurship; Impact of the environment in relation to: government regulations, taxes, level of competition and availability of suppliers, as well as the structure of personal expenses projected in the short and long term that entrepreneurs assume as a stimulus for their actions. For the development of the study, a description of the behavior of the variables was initially made and later, by hypothesis testing, to verify differences and similarities between both populations. The study allowed us to identify common and divergent aspects between both populations analyzed. Similarly, it showed how differences in the administrative and financial environment in which entrepreneurs operate generate changes in their priorities and projections.
Near and similar restaurants: competitors or allies? Pérez-Campdesuñer, Reyner; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Alexander; Miguel-Guzmán, Margarita De ...
Tourism & management studies,
01/2020, Letnik:
16, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The proximity of businesses targeting the same market segment, meeting the same needs and operating in a similar way is generally believed to indicate more competition. However, this situation can be ...beneficial for the companies involved, and it may not necessarily generate an adverse environment. This study sought to analyse a group of restaurants that operate under similar conditions and that are located within the same area in order to identify the potential benefits and drawbacks of choosing this strategy to deal with market pressures. The research was based on a sample of 1,358 customers from 52 small restaurants. Diverse information-gathering techniques were combined such as observations, interviews and surveys. The data gathered was used to characterise different groups of variables’ behaviour based on descriptive statistics. In addition, bivariate statistics were utilised to test the hypotheses, while multivariate statistics were used to conduct correspondence analysis. The results reveal that, in the cases analysed, the parties involved benefit from the existing condition when a process of distribution of demand is present and advertising expenses are minimised.
The phenomenon of job satisfaction generates high costs for organizations, as it impacts on the processes of selection, training, and motivation of their human resources, while affecting the ...productivity and quality of organizations, even impacting on the loyalty of costumers. For this reason, forecasting or controlling the behavior of the staff turnover is of great importance for a company. However, predicting the behavior of turnover is an almost impossible intention due to the number of variables that condition this behavior. The objective of this research was to try to identify, through the use of neural network analysis, which internal variables of the organization, of an objective nature, of a demographic nature and associated with their human resources, showed a relationship or incidence on the employee turnover. For this purpose, the databases were analyzed with the turnover behavior of personnel in business organizations with different characteristics. The analysis through neural networks allowed to establish a significant relationship between variables such as average income, school level, and age; likewise, no significant differences were found in other variables such as the type of sector, years of experience in the sector, years of work in the position or years of work, the hierarchical position occupied in the organization, and the number of dependents.
Human resource management practices have spread to all countries of the world, at least in
discourse, and are taken into account for the training of managers of business management processes,
...although their implementation is not always consistent with the theory that supports it, especially in small and
medium-sized companies that are representative of the region. This article aims to characterize the practices
of human resource management in different organizational contexts in Ecuador, for which the business
database published by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses of Ecuador was analyzed, where 3,723
companies are registered. The results found show that small and medium-sized companies do not develop
most of the processes related to human resources management under the same conditions and with the same
characteristics as proposed by traditional models. It is concluded that the practices applied in the matter of
human resources management respond more to the intention of complying with norms and laws that govern
business conduct than to the recognition of the need, importance or benefit that could be derived from the
systematic and intentional application. of the postulates of this.
Las prácticas de gestión de recursos humanos se han extendido a todos los países del mundo, al
menos en el discurso, y se tienen en cuenta para la formación de los administradores de los procesos de
gestión empresarial, aunque no siempre su implementación resulta coherente con la teoría que lo sustenta,
sobre todo en pequeñas y medianas empresas representativas de la región. Este artículo tiene como objetivo
caracterizar las prácticas de la gestión de recursos humanos en diferentes contextos organizacionales en
Ecuador, para lo cual se analizó la base de datos empresarial publicada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística
y Censos del Ecuador, donde se registran 3.723 empresas. Los resultados encontrados muestran que las
pequeñas y medianas empresas no desarrollan la mayoría de los procesos relacionados con la gestión de
recursos humanos bajo las mismas condiciones y con las mismas características que la proponen los modelos
tradicionales. Se concluye, que las prácticas aplicadas en materia de gestión de recursos humanos responden
más a la intención de cumplir con normas y leyes que rigen la conducta empresarial que al reconocimiento
de la necesidad, importancia o beneficio que se pudiera derivar de la aplicación sistemática e intencionada
de los postulados de ésta.
Purpose – This research aims to evaluate how the effectiveness of advertisements can vary according to three fundamental variables: the time schedule of message receipt, the media, and the type of ...advertising message used. Design/methodology/approach – An experiment with 375 university students related to administrative careers was devised, creating 25 work groups that were stimulated by multiple advertisements with different combinations of the described variables. Subsequently, various techniques were applied to evaluate the ads used.Findings and implications – The main results showed that advertisements with musical messages have a greater capacity to be retained in the minds of their recipients; similarly, advertising messages that are transmitted through the use of audiovisual media have a greater capacity to please or attract. Limitation – The main limitation is associated primarily with the characteristics of the sample, as it is a very specific audience, where the influence of other demographic variables, including age, sex, marital status, and living conditions, was not considered. Originality – The results obtained confirm the contributions of previous studies and reveal patterns of behavior related to the impact of the media and the type of advertisement that is used in its potential to stimulate memories in the subjects receiving the message and to please the target audience, fundamentally in the messages aimed at young audiences (university students). In addition, it provides information on how some attributes that distinguish the advertisement, according to the type of advertising messages used, should be considered as an additional criterion for managers to decide on the type of the advertising message, the fair amount to use, and the most beneficial transmission schedule of such advertisements.
Labor absenteeism is a factor that affects the good performance of organizations in any part of the world, from the instability that is generated in the functioning of the system. This is evident in ...the effects on quality, productivity, reaction time, among other aspects. The direct causes by which it occurs are generally known and with greater reinforcement the diseases are located, without distinguishing possible classifications. However, behind these or other causes can be found other possible factors of incidence, such as age or sex. This research seeks to explore, through the application of neural networks, the possible relationship between different variables and their incidence in the levels of absenteeism. To this end, a neural networks model is constructed from the use of a population of more than 12,000 employees, representative of various classification categories. The study allowed the characterization of the influence of the different variables studied, supported in addition to the performance of an ANOVA analysis that allowed to corroborate and clarify the results of the neural network analysis.
There is no consensus on whether quality management can always be developed with the same mechanisms, regardless of the size of the companies. Investigations in various latitudes have been motivated ...to lead to a conclusion in this regard, among other reasons for the great diversity of classification criteria of companies according to their size. This investigation aims to characterize the extent to which the quality management practices of micro and small enterprises in Ecuador differ from the practices of this discipline in medium and large enterprises. For this, information on the way in which the activity is developed in 992 organizations of the population under study was used and the degree of presence of determining variables in quality management was characterized. Among other results, the existence of significant differences in quality management depending on the size of the companies was found.
This paper aims to establish a model of structural equations that summarizes the degree of incidence of variables related to job satisfaction in organizations. It starts from the identification of ...the variables to analyze according to the literature on the subject and those that were corroborated through the consultation of experts, later proceed to the construction of instruments for their measurement and application of these to 4,235 employees in 150 entities from different productive sectors. With the results obtained in the surveys, a confirmatory factor analysis was developed, which verified the incidence of the variables evaluated in the work satisfaction and later proceeded to the construction of the model. The model obtained shows the relationship between the different variables that affect job satisfaction and confirming its multifactorial character as a construct. The data that facilitated the generation of the model allow to establish a logic of management of the job satisfaction from managing in an integrated way the latent variables that condition them, ensuring their correct management, such as: the design of work content, working conditions, interpersonal relationships with peers in general and with managers in particular, policies and methods of stimulation and the group work.
The present research aims to identify the differences and similarities that may exist between the variables associated with the logistics management of business organizations based on their size. For ...this, a comparison was made between 992 companies in Ecuador, where four types of companies were represented: micro, small, medium and large, in proportion to the structure that the composition of the country’s companies presents. The results showed, by applying a hypothesis test to verify the equality of means, the existence of statistically significant differences in the levels of analysis in variables associated with administrative functions, supply processes, storage, production, distribution and reverse logistics. It was shown that the degree of development of logistics activity is very limited in micro and small companies. Therefore, the body of knowledge and methodological instruments available for business administration must be adapted with caution when applying them in the context of small organizations.
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