This study aims at investigating the contribution of two classes of compounds, flavonoids and iridoids, to the bioactivity of
L. leaves and fruits. The impact of different extraction procedures on ...phytochemicals content and hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of
fresh and dried plant materials was investigated. Ellagic acid 4-
-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-
-glucoside, and norbergenin were identified for the first time in this genus by using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Three iridoids (gardenoside, geniposide, unedoside) are specifically identified in the leaves. Interestingly, asperuloside was extracted only from dried fruits by ethanol with Soxhlet apparatus. Extracts were screened for their potential antioxidant activities by using the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Activity Power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching tests. Based on the Global Antioxidant Score (GAS) calculation, the most promising antioxidant extract was obtained by hydroalcoholic maceration of dried leaves that showed half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
) of 0.42 and 0.98 μg/mL in ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively. The hypoglycaemic activity was investigated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. Extracts obtained by ethanol ultrasound extraction of fresh leaves and hydroalcoholic maceration of fresh fruits (IC
of 19.56 and 28.42 μg/mL, respectively) are more active against α-glucosidase than the positive control acarbose (IC
of 35.50 μg/mL). Fruit extracts exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity.
The genus Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) includes more than 450 species, which mainly grow in cooler areas of the northern hemisphere. Vaccinium species have been used in traditional medicine of different ...cultures and the berries are widely consumed as food. Indeed, Vaccinium supplement-based herbal medicine and functional food, mainly from V. myrtillus and V. macrocarpon, are used in Europe and North America. Biological studies support traditional uses since, for many Vaccinium components, important biological functions have been described, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and endothelium protective activities. Vaccinium components, such as polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavonoids, are widely recognized as modulators of cellular pathways involved in pathological conditions, thus indicating that Vaccinium may be an important source of bioactive molecules. This review aims to better describe the bioactivity of Vaccinium species, focusing on anti-inflammatory and endothelial protective cellular pathways, modulated by their components, to better understand their importance for public health.
The neodolastane diterpenoids comprise a group of 44 compounds including guanacastepenes, heptemerones, plicatilisins, radianspenes, 2,15-epoxy-5,13-dihydroxyneodolast-3-en-14-one and sphaerostanol. ...These fungal and marine natural products are characterized by a tricyclic neodolastane skeleton that consists of fused five-, seven- and six-membered rings. Their reported antibiotic activities against antibiotic-resistant bacteria together with strong antifungal and anticancer activities and their novel structures render these compounds interesting synthetic targets. The aim of this account is to summarise the progress in the isolation, characterisation and synthesis of these diterpenoids as well as to review their biogenetic origins and diverse biological activities since their discovery in 2000.
In this study, we evaluated and compared the chemical composition, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects of four methanol extracts (R1–R4), of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. in ...two different sites of Southern Italy obtained by maceration or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Extracts of S. rosmarinus collected on the Ionian coast are indicated with the abbreviations R1 (maceration) and R2 (ultrasound-assisted extraction). Extracts of S. rosmarinus collected on the Tyrrhenian coast are indicated with the abbreviations R3 (maceration) and R4 (ultrasound-assisted extraction). The chemical composition was analyzed using High Pressure liquid chromatography–Diod-Array detection–Electrospray ionization–Quadrupole–Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-MS). The antioxidant activity was analyzed by 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. Antioxidant features were also assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW-264.7 murine macrophages, evaluating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production; in the same experimental model, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was investigated. Interestingly, all extracts displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They exhibited significative nitrite production inhibitory activity, whith IC50 values ranging from 3.46 to 5.53 µg/mL, without impairing cell viability. The anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated by Western Blotting and immunofluorescence assay, highlighting the R3 and R4 extracts ability to reduce NF-κB translocation, as well as to disrupt the MAPKs signaling pathway. Extracts exhibited both potential anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, without affecting non-tumorigenic cells, and the ability to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cells’ motility. Finally, the rosemary extracts treatment significantly reduced the power of conditioned media, from MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells to induce nitrite production on RAW 264.7 cells, confirming their promising anti-inflammatory activity.
species are widely distributed in central and southern Europe, east Africa, southwest Asia, and America. Several species are known for edible fruits, especially
and
. These delicious fruits, ...characterized by their remarkable nutritional and biological values, are widely used in traditional medicine. In contrast to the other edible
species,
and
are the most studied for which little information is available on the main phytochemicals and their biological activities. Fruits are characterised by several classes of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, anthocyanins, tannins, triterpenoids, and iridoids. The available phytochemical data show that the different classes of metabolites have not been systematically studied. However, these edible species are all worthy of interest because similarities have been found. Thus, this review describes the traditional uses of
species common in Europe and Asia, a detailed classification of the bioactive compounds that characterize the fruits, and their beneficial health effects.
species are a rich source of phytochemicals with nutritional and functional properties that justify the growing interest in these berries, not only for applications in the food industry but also useful for their medicinal properties.
This work aimed to investigate and compare the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of
L. (sage) from Italy, with the aim of raising its current knowledge in this field. Leaves and ...flowers (S1-S8), harvested in two areas of Southern Italy, were extracted with methanol as a solvent by maceration or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Sage extracts, analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography-diode-array detection-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-MS), exerted a promising antioxidant activity investigated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and β-carotene bleaching tests, and elicited a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The anti-inflammatory activity was analysed in the same in vitro model. All the extracts did not affect cell viability although they showed anti-inflammatory activity, as they induced a decrease in nitrite levels that was greater than 50%, when employed at 50 µg/mL. Furthermore, they elicited a decrease in nitrite levels, as well as a decline in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The NF-κB transcription factor proved to be involved in the mechanisms that underlie such effects. Interestingly, sage extracts were able to interfere with the inflammatory activity induced by breast cancer cell-conditioned media (nitrite levels were significantly decreased,
< 0.05;
< 0.01), highlighting for the first time the important role of
in controlling inflammation processes related to neoplastic progression.
This work investigated a model for the reuse of
Hort. by-products for the development of a functional drink able to exert antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Juice obtained from ...fruits collected in three different areas of Calabria (Italy) was analysed.
juice from Corigliano Calabro (JF), characterized by the highest content of bioactive compounds and bioactivity, was chosen as a matrix to be enrichment with hydroalcoholic ultrasound-assisted maceration of
leaf from Corigliano Calabro (CO2) and ethanol ultrasound-assisted maceration of
peel from Cetraro (BC3) extracts at different concentrations. The highest phytochemical content and bioactivities were found in juice enriched with leaf and leaf + peel extracts, with particular reference to antioxidant activity. In order to estimate the effects of pasteurization, 20% (mg/100 mL) enriched juice was subjected to this process. Based on obtained data of bioactivity and sensorial analysis,
by-products could be proposed as a promising source of bioactive compounds useful for the formulation of a functional drink for preventing diseases associated with oxidative stress such as type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Pistacia lentiscus
L. (Anacardiaceae) is widely distributed in the Mediterranean basin. Its fruit oil is used in traditional medicine to treat burns, skin impairments as well as inflammatory diseases ...as soothing massage or internal use. An increased interest is spotted lately with several commercial brands are spun portraying the benefits of this oil but with no stringent regulations to ascertain its safe use as an edible or cosmeceutical product. This work concerned the investigation of secondary metabolites presents in
Pistacia lentiscus
fruits oil using both GC-MS and HPLC-DAD-MS technics, and the evaluation of cytotoxicity on human normal dermal fibroblasts to assess safety of use as cosmetic ingredient. This study stands as the first one to report the identification of alkylsalicylic acids in fruits oil and unsaponifiable fraction of
Pistacia lentiscus
fruit oil which calls for therefore, quantification of alkylsalicylic acids, known as skin irritants, in
Pistacia lentiscus
oil, used as nutraceuticals or cosmeceuticals by manufacturers.
L’espèce
Pistacia lentiscus
L. est largement répandue autour du bassin méditerranéen. L’huile de ses fruits est utilisée en médecine traditionnelle pour traiter les brûlures, les affections cutanées ainsi que les états inflammatoires en massage ou en usage interne. Un regain d’intérêt récent pour cette ressource à travers notamment différents produits commerciaux vantant ses propriétés médicinales a été noté, avec cependant peu de données concernant la qualité des produits distribués, en tant que cosmétiques ou aliments. Les présents travaux ont porté sur l’identification des métabolites présents dans différents échantillons d’huile par analyse GC-MS et HPLC-DAD-MS, ainsi que sur l’évaluation de l’effet de l’huile et de son insaponifiable sur la viabilité cellulaire de fibroblastes dermiques humains normaux en vue de son utilisation en tant qu’ingrédient cosmétique. Cette étude rapporte pour la première fois la présence d’acides alkylsalicyliques dans l’huile de fruits de
Pistacia lentiscus
L. et de sa fraction insaponifiable, ce qui incite à envisager une quantification de ces constituants, connus comme irritants cutanés, par les fabricants de produits à visée cosmétique ou nutraceutique.
The anodic oxidation of a natural antioxidative catechol, hydroxytyrosol, was developed in an acetonitrile/dimethylsulfoxide (or acetonitrile/water) solvent mixture to produce in a stable way the ...resulting non-activated
o
-quinone and generate structural analogues. 2-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxane derivatives were obtained as two regioisomers in good to high overall yields (65-90%) and 1 : 3 ratios, through an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between the electrogenerated
o
-quinone and tertiary enamines. The insertion of an electron withdrawing (or electron donating) group on the catechol modified their relative proportions, so that the reaction became regiospecific. With some aliphatic enamines, a competitive 1,6-Michael addition took place, affording 2-hydroxy-1,2,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo
d
oxepine compounds.
Non-activated
o
-quinones derived from natural hydroxytyrosol and other catechols were electrogenerated under mild conditions. They provided polysubstituted 2-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxane derivatives, through 4 + 2 cycloaddition with enamines.
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