ABSTRACT
Objective:
To investigate the anatomic symmetry of maxillary and mandibular posteriors in Indian subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods:
CBCT images ...of 246 patients that had at least one noncarious, posterior tooth free of restorations in each quadrant were enrolled for retrospective analysis. A total of 3015 teeth (811 maxillary premolars, 845 mandibular premolars, 738 maxillary molars, and 621 mandibular molars) were analyzed for number of roots and root canals, canal morphology and anatomic symmetry, and concurrent types between the maxilla and mandible.
Results:
There was no difference in the percentage of symmetry for maxillary first (81.5%) and second (81.5%) premolars. Mandibular second premolars (98.3%) exhibited greater symmetry than mandibular first premolars (96.1%). First molars (77.5% and 82.1%) showed greater symmetry than second molars (70.8% and 78.6%), in both maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. The most common anatomy observed were: maxillary first premolars – 2 roots with 2 canals, maxillary second premolars – 1 root with 2 canals, mandibular first and second premolars – 1 root with 1 canal, maxillary first and second molars – 3 roots with 4 canals, and mandibular first and second molars – 2 roots with 3 canals. When compared with any other teeth, maximum asymmetry was observed in maxillary second molar (29.2%).
Conclusion:
The percentage of symmetry observed in the present study varied from 70% to 98% with least percentage of symmetry in maxillary second molars. These data should alert the clinicians while treating homonymous teeth of the same patient.
Abstract Pulse oximeter is a well-established and noninvasive method for measuring vascular health by evaluating oxygen saturation. This study compared the efficacy of a custom-made pulse oximeter ...dental probe with the electric pulp testing and thermal testing for measuring pulp vitality status of recently traumatized permanent teeth. Readings for pulp vitality for 17 recently traumatized maxillary incisors were taken with custom-made pulse oximeter dental probe (group 1), electrical pulp tester (group 2), and thermal testing (group 3) over a 6-month period. The proportion of recently traumatized teeth showing a positive responsiveness in thermal/electric pulp tests increased from no teeth showing responsiveness on day 0 to 29.4% teeth on the 28th day, 82.35% of teeth at 2 months, and 94.11% teeth at 3 months. However, pulse oximeter gave positive vitality readings that remained constant over the study period from day 0 to 6 months in all patients.
Abstract In this study, root canal morphology of 125 extracted mandibular first molars from an Indian population was evaluated by using spiral computed tomography (SCT). The results of this study ...showed that the majority of the teeth samples (84.48%) had the 3 canal (mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, and 1 distal canal) configuration and that the cementoenamel junction coincided with the roof of the pulp chamber in 37.09% of the samples only.
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effect of two bioflavonoids (epigallocatechin-3-gallate EGCG and catechin) and a protein inhibitor (chlorhexidine CHX) on the immediate and delayed microtensile ...bond strength of self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems to sound dentin. Materials and Methods: The occlusal surfaces of 96 mandibular human third molar teeth specimens were ground after removal of the excess tissues, to expose the middle dentin. The dentin specimens were randomly allocated into four groups, each consisting of 24 teeth (n = 24) according to the application of the enzyme inhibitor. The adhesive system used in this study was Adper easy bond, a self-etch adhesive system, and Adper Single Bond 2, a total-etch adhesive system. Microtensile bond strength testing was conducted using thermocycler 2000, Heto-Holten A/S. Results: All the three enzyme inhibitors increase the bond strength values of the resin-dentin interphase when used during dentin bonding. The EGCG enzyme inhibitor has shown the highest immediate bond strength to dentin when used with both the adhesive systems.
Context: The presence of smear layer and debris can prevent the irrigant and sealer from penetrating the dentinal tubules thereby compromising the seal of the root canal filling. Aim: This study aims ...to evaluate the efficacy of XP-endo Finisher with ProTaper Next and HyFlex in smear layer and debris removal. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two extracted mandibular premolar teeth were selected and sectioned at the cementoenamel junction. The roots were then randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1 and 2, canals were instrumented with X2 ProTaper Next (25 0.06 taper). In group 3 and 4, canals were instrumented with HyFlex system (25 0.06 taper). The canals in group 2 and 4 were further finished with XP-endo Finisher. Irrigation was carried out using 3% sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation, and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was used as the final rinse. The roots were then split longitudinally. The canal wall was observed under the scanning electron microscope in coronal, middle, and apical thirds at a magnification of ×400 and ×1000 for evaluation of debris and smear layer, respectively. Photomicrographs were taken, and qualitative assessment for debris and smear layer removal was done. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Lower debris and smear layer scores were seen in canal thirds instrumented with ProTaper Next and XP-endo Finisher (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The use of XP-endo Finisher as an adjuvant during shaping and cleaning produced cleaner root canal walls.
Abstract Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method of measuring vascular health by evaluating oxygen saturation. This study evaluated the efficacy of a new custom-made pulse oximeter dental probe in ...comparison with the electrical and thermal tests for assessing pulp vitality. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value for each test were calculated by comparing the test results with the actual pulpal status, as evaluated by direct visual inspection. The sensitivity of the pulse oximeter was found to be 1.00, as compared to 0.81 with the cold test and 0.71 with the electrical test. The specificity of the pulse oximeter was 0.95, as compared to 0.92 with the cold and electrical pulp tests. Thus, the custom-made pulse oximeter dental probe is an effective, accurate, and objective method of evaluating pulp vitality.
This article reports an innovative technique in the treatment of a central incisor with a wide open apex and parallel dentinal walls. Root canal treatment was initiated, and calcium hydroxide ...intracanal medicament was placed in the canal for a month. The intracanal medicament was removed by instrumentation and irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. A light body impression of the root canal space was made and replicated the three-dimensional root canal space in a putty impression. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was condensed into the impression and allowed to set for 24 h in the presence of moisture to obtain a BioRoot inlay. This BioRoot inlay was cemented into the canal. Follow-up of every 6 months for 4 years revealed clinically asymptomatic and satisfactory healing of periapical lesion.
Aim: To determine the degree of association between visual and tactile methods of caries removal compared with caries detector dye and laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent), which detects the degree ...of demineralization; to determine the presence of Streptococcus mutans via culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques; and to find a suitable method for caries removal. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 patients were divided into three groups: visual and tactile (Group A), visual and tactile with caries detector dye (Group B), and visual and tactile with caries detector dye along with laser florescence readings (Group C). Caries removal was carried out using visual and tactile methods, caries detector dye, and laser fluorescence, and the samples obtained were subjected to culture and PCR. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Visual and tactile along with caries detector dye and laser florescence (Group C) is the most efficient method for caries removal. Conclusion: Caries detector dye along with visual, tactile examination and laser fluorescence is a valuable and superior tool for clinicians that aids in better caries removal and can prevent the overzealous removal of tooth structure.
Background: Very little attention has been paid to the association of smokeless tobacco and the health of gingival and periodontal tissues. Recent studies suggests the role of tobacco chewing in ...deterioration of gingival and periodontal tissues. Capillary units in the crestal gingiva are affected by inflammation and gingival blood flow may serve as a prognostic marker for inflammation. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of vascular flow following periodontal surgery amongst smokeless tobacco chewers and non tobacco chewers using ultrasound doppler flowmetry. Methods: Based on an inclusion and exclusion criteria, two group of subjects with chronic periodontitis were randomly selected for the study. The control group consisted of subjects without tobacco chewing habit while the test group consisted of subjects with the habit of tobacco chewing. Necessary blood and radiographic investigations were taken and subjects were treated with flap surgeries in both the group of patients. Following the surgery , vascular blood flow was analysed on the second and seventh post operative days using laser doppler flowmetry. Results: Smokeless tobacco chewers demonstrated decreased vascular flow following periodontal flap surgery compared to non chewers. Conclusions: A positive correlation was observed between Laser Doppler Flowmetry readings and clinical signs of inflammation. After surgery, there was a decrease in blood flow, among tobacco chewers, when compared with non chewers, on second & seventh post - operative days in doppler study.
Successful endodontic practice requires complete knowledge about the various medical conditions and appropriateness in planning treatment as per the need with effective safety measures. This review ...focuses on a number of systemic complications encountered in endodontic practice and directions to be followed for avoiding potential complications. A detailed PubMed search was carried out using specific keywords, and 25 articles were referred for finalizing the content.
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