Croatia is an important and widely recognizable tourist destination. The importance of tourism in Croatia is manifested in many aspects, and the share of income from tourism in BDP in Croatia is ...around 20%. The most numerous guests in Croatia are foreign guests, mostly from Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Italy and Poland. In this paper, foreign tourism demand in the Republic of Croatia was analyzed and impact of five selected variables on foreign tourism demand is estimated: gross domestic product of countries from which tourists come from, prices in Croatia, prices in competing countries, distance between countries and accommodation capacities. The analysis was carried out for the nine-year time period from 2010 to 2018 based on data for 32 countries from which tourists come, and OLS model, a panel model with fixed effects and a panel model with random effects were estimated. The adequacy of the model was tested with the Hausman test, Breusch-Pagan Lagrange test and F-test. A panel model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors was estimated. The estimated model showed that the gross domestic product of the countries from which the tourists arrive has a statistically significant and positive influence on the foreign tourism demand in Croatia, while at a significance level of 10% the accommodation capacity in Croatia has a positive and statistically significant influence. The impact of other variables taken into account was not statistically significant.
Hrvatska je važna i nadaleko prepoznatljiva turistička destinacija. Važnost turizma u Hrvatskoj se očituje kroz mnoge aspekte, a udio prihoda od turizma u BDP-u Hrvatske se kreće oko 20%. Najbrojniji gosti u Hrvatskoj su inozemni gosti i to pretežito iz Njemačke, Austrije, Slovenije, Italije te Poljske. U ovom radu analizirana je inozemna turistička potražnja u Republici Hrvatskoj te je za pet odabranih varijabli procijenjen njihov utjecaj na inozemnu turističku potražnju: bruto domaći proizvod zemalja iz kojih turisti dolaze, cijene u Hrvatskoj, cijene u konkurentskim zemljama, udaljenost zemalja i smještajni kapaciteti. Analiza je provedena za devetogodišnje vremensko razdoblje od 2010. do 2018. godine na temelju podataka za 32 zemlje iz koji turisti dolaze u Hrvatsku, a procijenjeni su združeni OLS model te panel model s fiksnim efektima i panel model sa slučajnim efektima. Prikladnost modela ispitana je Hausmanovim testom, Breusch-Pagan Lagrangeovim testom te F-testom. Procijenjen je panel model s Driscoll-Kraay standardnim pogreškama. Procijenjenim modelom pokazalo se da statistički značajan i pozitivan utjecaj na dolazak inozemnih turista u Hrvatsku ima bruto domaći proizvod zemalja iz kojih turisti dolaze, dok na razini značajnosti od 10% pozitivan i statistički značajan utjecaj ima i varijabla smještajnog kapaciteta u Hrvatskoj. Utjecaj ostalih varijabli uzetih u obzir se nije pokazao statistički značajnim.
Previous research on personal values has shown the existence of differences between men and women in importance that they attach to personal values, but differences between generations and age groups ...have also been found. However, none of these studies have found the existence of generational differences in the personal values of car buyers and this becomes the aim of this research. In order to achieve the stated aim of the research, empirical research was carried out on a sample of 676 car buyers from the Republic of Croatia with the help of a validated PVQ measuring instrument developed by Schwartz. The car buyers were classified into three different generational groups: mature (respondents born before 1976, which include generations of the second world war and older, and generations of baby boomers), millennials or Generation X (born between 1977 and 1994, whose formative years were influenced by the Homeland War and the Communist period) ) and Generation Y (made up of people born after 1995, covering generations growing up in conditions of globalization and development of the Internet and communication technologies).The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc Test. Factor analysis was conducted with the aim of extraction of different types of personal values of car buyers, while ANOVA was carried out with the goal of finding differences between generational groups based on the importance they attach to those types of personal values. The results showed that Croatian car buyers generally show the same structure of personal values as was found in other populations. Nine types of personal values were successfully extracted using factor analysis: Self-Direction, Stimulation, Hedonism, Achievement and Power, Universalism, Benevolence, Tradition, Conformity and Security. After the implementation of ANOVA, it was found that statistically significant differences existed between three generations of car buyers in seven types of personal values since differences between generations concerning value they place on Achievement and Power and Self-Direction were found not to be statistically significant. Post hoc Tukey HSD test was also conducted. The results of this test showed that the mature generation displayed a higher propensity towards Security, Conformism, Tradition, Benevolence and Universalism than other two generations. Members of generation Y proved to be more prone to Stimulation and Hedonism, while members of generation X display a higher propensity towards Hedonism than the mature generation. The results indicate that marketing experts may construct different marketing strategies based on personal value types in order to appeal to different generations of car buyers. Aside from the implications of the research, the conclusion of the paper also presents the recommendations for further research.
U radu se istražuje uloga i utjecaj elektroničke trgovine u procesu kupnje, prodaje ili razmjene proizvoda, usluga ili informacija. Trgovina putem Interneta se smatra najprofitabilnijim oblikom ...trgovine zbog jednostavnosti i niskih troškova i kao takva će postajati sve značajnijom i unosnijom komponentom cjelokupne trgovine. Istraživački je rad u ovom članku fokusiran na sam pojam e-trgovine, njen pristup suvremenom marketingu, njezina obilježja i razvitak u svijetu, te na dosege primjene elektroničke trgovine u Hrvatskoj. Poseban osvrt u ovom radu daje se na razvoj e-trgovine u Hrvatskoj koji polako, ali sigurno, uzima maha, jer je prisutnost na Internetu imperativ u današnjem poslovanju. U Hrvatskoj se još uvijek na Internetu nudi tek mali dio proizvoda i usluga što može biti velika prednost i poslovna prilika za sve one koji žele proširiti svoje poslovanje i na on-line trgovinu. Rast hrvatskoga gospodarstva zasnivao se dosad u najvećoj mjeri na tradicionalnoj, "staroj" ekonomiji, dok nove tehnologije nisu dublje prodrle u državnu upravu i u realni sektor gospodarstva. Cilj rada je upozoriti na važnost trgovine putem Interneta, koja je na putu da postane primarni oblik poslovanja, kako u svijetu tako i u Hrvatskoj.
Panel modeli - primjena u ekonomskim istraživanjima Devčić, Kristina; Tonković Pražić, Ivana; Beljo, Ivana
Elektronički Zbornik Radova Veleučilišta u Šibeniku,
12/2022, Letnik:
16, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
U znanstvenoj literaturi sve se više pojavljuju analize temeljene na panel podacima. Panel podaci imaju prostornu i vremensku dimenziju odnosno to je skup podataka u kojima se prati razvoj neke ...pojave (prostorna dimenzija) u određenom vremenskom razdoblju. Najčešće je prostorna komponenta predstavljena ispitanicima, tvrtkama, gradovima, državama, dok vremenska dimenzija uključuje dane, mjesece, tromjesečja, godine itd. U ovom radu opisana je panel metodologija, objašnjen je teorijski okvir panel metodologije, opisani su statički i dinamički modeli te je dan pregled prednosti i nedostataka panel metodologije. U drugom dijelu rada analizirana je primjenjivost panel metodologije u ekonomskim istraživanjima te je dan osvrt na dosadašnja istraživanja spomenutom metodologijom.
Analyzes based on panel data are appearing more and more in the scientific literature. Panel data have a spatial and temporal dimension, that is, a set of data in which the development of a phenomenon (spatial dimension) is monitored over a period of time. Most often, the spatial component is represented by respondents, companies, cities, states, while the time dimension includes days, months, quarters, years, etc. In this paper, the panel methodology is described, the theoretical framework of the panel methodology is explained, static and dynamic panel models are described and an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the panel methodology is given. In the second part of the paper, the applicability of the panel methodology in economic research is analyzed and a review of previous research using the aforementioned methodology is given.
PANEL MODELS – APPLICATION IN ECONOMIC RESEARCH Kristina Devčić; Ivana Tonković Pražić; Ivana Beljo
Elektronički Zbornik Radova Veleučilišta u Šibeniku,
12/2022, Letnik:
16, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Analyzes based on panel data are appearing more and more in the scientific literature. Panel data have a spatial and temporal dimension, that is, a set of data in which the development of a ...phenomenon (spatial dimension) is monitored over a period of time. Most often, the spatial component is represented by respondents, companies, cities, states, while the time dimension includes days, months, quarters, years, etc. In this paper, the panel methodology is described, the theoretical framework of the panel methodology is explained, static and dynamic panel models are described and an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the panel methodology is given. In the second part of the paper, the applicability of the panel methodology in economic research is analyzed and a review of previous research using the aforementioned methodology is given.
Social networks are a way of mass communication between users, but they are also applied for educational purposes. The aim of this paper is to analyze the way that students use social networks for ...educational purposes, to find out how students come to information, do they use social networks for access to information related to teaching and exams, and what they think about the quality of information obtained from social networks. The relationship between the use of social networks for educational purposes and demographic indicators is examined. χ2 test for testing independence of the two characteristics was conducted.
Uspješno upravljanje investicijama podrazumijeva vrednovanje financijske imovine, ali i procjenu rizika investiranja u financijsku imovinu. Svakom ulagaču je cilj uložiti u financijsku imovinu koja ...će mu donijeti što je moguće veći prinos uz minimalni rizik. Upravo odnos između prinosa i rizika predmet je interesa brojnih istraživača. Cilj ovoga rada je analiza primjenjivosti CAPM-a na financijskom tržištu Republike Hrvatske, ispitivanje adekvatnosti beta koeficijenta kao mjere rizika na tržištu te analiza o tome može li se CROBEX smatrati dobrom zamjenom tržišnog portfelja. S obzirom na to da rizik investiranja u financijsku imovinu ovisi o brojnim makroekonomskim varijablama, on se može mjeriti kao osjetljivost prinosa na ulaganje u financijsku imovinu u odnosu na prinos ukupnoga tržišnog portfelja. Kao mjera rizika korišten je beta koeficijent. Provedena je korelacijska i regresijska analiza kojom je pokazano da ne postoji značajna linearna veza između beta koeficijenta i očekivanih prinosa odnosno da beta koeficijent nije adekvatna mjera rizika na tržištu kapitala Republike Hrvatske. Dodatno, pokazano je da službeni burzovni indeks tržišta kapitala Republike Hrvatske (CROBEX) ne može poslužiti kao prihvatljiva zamjena za tržišni portfelj jer ne leži na efikasnoj granici.
Linear programming is a special field of applied mathematics that deals with solving optimization problems while certain conditions or constraints must be fulfilled. Aim of linear programming is to ...find a solution how to use or allocate a predetermined amount of resources with a predefined objective such as minimum cost, maximum revenue, maximum profit, etc. This paper presents the application of linear programming on the example of minimizing the diet costs. One of the basic human needs is the adequate daily intake of food in the body i.e. diet. In sufficient quantity food ensures the normal functioning of the human body, it gives energy for mental and physical work and raises the immune system. In this paper, the problem of diet is set to minimize the total cost of daily diet while the criteria for daily intake of a sufficient amount of all nutrients required for the normal functioning of the human body must be fulfilled.Carbohydrates, fats and proteins give energy to the human body. Carbohydrates are first consumed, then fat, and only in the cases of starvation body translates carbohydrates into energy. Daily energy needs depend on gender, age, body mass, body height and total daily physical activity. Furthermore, a three-day menus for a group of young and middle-aged people, between 19 and 50, separately for a group of men and women is provided.
This paper investigates the determinants of international tourism demand in Croatia, a country whose economy is heavily dependent on tourism. A particular focus is placed on the role of accommodation ...capacity and trade openness, two demand drivers that have been rarely examined in combination. Using the difference GMM estimator, a dynamic panel model of international tourism demand in Croatia is estimated, employing annual data for 16 tourism generating countries from 2007 to 2019. The results show that the lagged dependent variable, income, accommodation capacity, and exchange rate have a positive effect on international tourism demand, while the impact of relative prices and trade openness prove to be irrelevant in the Croatian context.
Much like in the rest of the world, higher education institutions in the Republic of Croatia are working in a turbulent environment. Croatian polytechnics must recognize and understand the changes in ...their environment in order to be able to properly respond to them. The Polytechnic “Nikola Tesla” in Gospić is one of the polytechnics facing a growing competition, but also the problem of decreasing enrolment. To solve these problems, it is necessary to apply marketing methods and techniques for understanding the process of deciding on applying for admission to the Polytechnic. In order to better understand this process and how it can be influenced, the authors examined the criteria that students use when making this decision. It was established during the research that some of the criteria had a greater impact on the decision to apply for admission (the location of the Polytechnic, professional orientation, reasonable admission requirements and applicability of professional knowledge in practice and employment prospects as the key decision factor), while others had a much smaller impact. In addition, the research has shown that there is no significant difference between male and female respondents with regard to the importance they attach to different criteria. Using factor analysis, the criteria for admission to the Polytechnic were grouped as follows: the quality of education, studying conditions, image of the institution, the cost of education, and the influence of friends and family.
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