The article provides an overview of the activities of the Serbian Volunteer Corps (SDK), which arrived at the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral, specifically at what is now the Primorska ...region of Slovenia, in November 1944. The Corps reported to the Serbian Government and was used by the German military authorities to combat the resistance movements in occupied Serbia in 1941–1944. After the Soviet Army entered Yugoslavia and Serbia in the autumn of 1944, the Corps was transferred to the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral. The article provides details on the SDK status, its size and role in this area and finally on its tragic fate, when most of its personnel that managed to withdraw to Austria were handed over to the Yugoslav Partisan forces, which executed them in remote areas of Slovenia. The article is based on the author’s archival research and on Serbian and Slovenian emigrant literature.
The article provides an overview of the organisational development of the Yugoslav People’s Army (YPA) in the Socialist Republic of Croatia (SRC) during the 1960s. The organisational development of ...YPA units in the SRC was generally almost identical to that of YPA units in the other Yugoslav republics. The development of the Navy, however, was different. There were several organisational changes that affected the YPA units in the SRC in this period. The first of these was the plan ‘Drvar’ in 1959, which introduced many new organisational forms inspired by experiences from Yugoslav Partisan warfare in World War II and by war in expected nuclear conditions. Due to some radical solutions that actually burdened the functioning of the YPA, a new organisational plan, ‘Drvar II’, was introduced in 1964 to amend this. It was followed by further reorganisations: one in 1965, which adjusted the names and traditions of the Partisan units and existing YPA units, another in 1966–1968, entitled ‘Snaga’ (Power), which led to the downsizing of the YPA following the notion in the highest Yugoslav military circles that foreign aggression was only possible from the NATO side. The sudden Warsaw Pact aggression on Czechoslovakia in August 1968 brought change in the Yugoslav perception of possible aggressors, which now included the neighbouring communist countries. This led to another organisational change entitled ‘Snaga II’. Looking from a distance, it seems that organisational changes in the YPA during the 1960s were endless. The article also notes the YPA turn to the Soviet Union for the purchasing of the modern military equipment, ranging from main battle tanks to supersonic fighters. It was written on the basis of the still-restricted sources of the Yugoslav General Staff that are kept in the Organisational Department of the Republic of Serbia’s Ministry of Defence.
Slobodan Milošević, the former president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia, was extradited to the representatives of the Hague Tribunal (ICTY) in Belgrade on 28 June ...2001. He was transferred from the Serbian State Security headquarters in Belgrade to Tuzla air base in Bosnia-Herzegovina from where an RAF aircraft flew him to The Hague in the Netherlands. The article describes the activities of the Yugoslav Army, especially its Air Force and Air Defense, during the evening of that day. Some of those activities, especially raising the combat readiness of the missile and air surveillance units, had the intention of preventing Milošević’s extradition to the ICTY. On the other hand, the Serbian State Security took all the necessary precautions to carry out this important mission without being stopped by the Yugoslav Army. The article was written based on the still classified documents of the Air Force and Air Defense HQs and the published memoires of the participants in those events.
The article provides activities of the Yugoslav Army (Vojska Jugoslavi-je, VJ) and especially its General Staff in the period prior to and after the federal Yugoslav election held on 24th September ...2000. The majority of initial activities were linked to the political situation in Montenegro. The article reveals the preparation of the VJ “top brass” to deploy the forces against the protesters during the mass post-election rallies in Belgrade and all over Serbia. Those protests led to Slobodan Milošević’s fall from political power and from his posi-tion as president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The newly elected FRY president became Vojislav Koštunica, leader of the Democratic Party of Serbia, who soon became accepted as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav Army’s General Staff as the key military institution in the state. In the beginning it looked like the Army would take part against the protesters using standard repertoire of armored, engineer, and special forces. A preserved document testifies that preparations for intervention had been done, but that the huge opposition movement, masses of people on the streets, and the general disappointment with Milošević’s twelve-year rule prevented the army from taking any action in the streets. The calming down of the post-revolutionary events and the top military brass remaining unchanged was satisfactory to the General Staff. An article was written on the unrevealed Vojska Jugoslavije documents. In 2003, Federal Defense Minister Boris Tadić asked the General Staff to provide the relevant documents on the role of the VJ in events around and during 5th October. The other group of documents represents transcripts from the General Staff meetings held in September and October of 2000, which had been declassified by that time by Lt General Ponoš, chief of the General Staff.
The article provides a detailed overview of the Yugoslav intelligence and security services from their inception toward the latter part of World War II and the early stages of the Cold War. It is ...written based on the partially declassified documented sources of the state security service in the Archives of Yugoslavia and on the in-depth research of the Military Security service sources in the Military Archives in Belgrade, still less known in the domestic scientific public in Serbia and the Former Yugoslavia. The author used literature mostly written by contemporary witnesses from the security services and incorporated facts gathered in several interviews with senior security officials.
Slobodan Milošević, bivši predsednik Savezne Republike Jugoslavije i Republike Srbije, predat je organima Haškog tribunala 28. juna 2001. godine. On je helikopterom Resora državne bezbednosti ...prebačen iz Beograda do Tuzle, gde je u pratnji predstavnika tribunala produžio za Hag. U članku se opisuju aktivnosti Vojske Jugoslavije, odnosno Ratnog vazduhoplovstva i protivvazdušne odbrane tokom popodneva tog dana, koje su mogle da imaju svrhu da spreče Miloševićevo izručenje. Osnovu članka čini neobjavljena originalna dokumentacija Vojske Jugoslavije i drugih institucija, u koju je autor po službenoj dužnosti imao uvid, kao i objavljena sećanja aktera tog događaja.
Mining and its related activities have always resulted in changes in the environment and these changes can vary from one area to another. As a result of mining, several types of changes can be ...distinguished: destruction of land and existing vegetation, changes in terrain topography, modification in air quality, changes in surface and groundwater quality, as well as change geotechnical conditions of the rock. Environmental impact of mining has been a public concern. There is widespread global interest in mining and its sustainability, and it is focused on the need to shift mining industry to a more sustainable framework. This article describes the possibilities of how to reduce the environmental impact of limestone excavation. Successful closure must consider medium to long term post mining land use and land capability, as well as minimizing environmental impact.
The US years-long irresponsible policy with the excessive printing of dollars, reinforced by the COVID-19 crisis and the war in Ukraine, has led to a large public debt and increasing inflation in the ...US, which significantly threatens the position of the dollar as the world’s reserve currency. The latest challenge to the dollar came from Russia, China and the BRICS countries. The paper analyzes the consequences of the war in Ukraine, the sanctions-based war between Russia and the West, the position of the dollar as the world’s reserve currency and the weaknesses of the international financial-monetary system leading to financial instability, frequent crises and growing inequality. A special emphasis has been placed on possible reforms of global finances and alternative proposals for a new reserve currency and more efficient work of global economic institutions (IMF) with the aim of achieving greater equality and faster economic growth.
The article provides the overview of events on 29th September 1991 when the Croatian forces captured the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) garrison in city of Bjelovar in Western Slavonia. The garrison ...was manned by the members of the 265th Mechanized Brigade and few miscellaneous units. In the large-scale operation launched by Croatian forces, most of the JNA units belonging to the 32nd Corps with HQ in Varaždin, were captured between 15 and 22 September. The garrison in Bjelovar remained as the last one, surrounded by the Croatian forces in the same period. In the morning of 29th September the JNA units at several locations in Bjelovar were attacked. Three minor objects were easily captured. On the contrary at large ammunition storage at "Bedenik", JNA units resisted until it was prevailed by the Croatian forces. When they entered the storage, Captain Tepić activated explosive producing huge explosion and damage to the wider area, killing himself and several of the Croatian troops. After the whole day of fighting around the barracks in Bjelovar, and after the continuing of the resistance was impossible, the commander of brigade Colonel Kovačević decided to surrender its troops to the Croatian forces. They already managed to enter into the parts of the compound. After the surrender, Croatian forces executed Kovačević and two of his aides, and six reserve members of the unit few days later. Around 60 officers, NCOs and over 330 conscripts were captured and held in captivity until mid-November. Captured quantities of tanks, armoured fighting vehicles, artillery pieces and other smaller armament and equipment was immediately used to improve the inventory of the Croatian forces at the other frontlines against the JNA forces.
The article provides the overview of events on 29th September 1991 when the Croatian forces captured the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) garrison in city of Bjelovar in Western Slavonia. The garrison ...was manned by the members of the 265th Mechanized Brigade and few miscellaneous units. In the large-scale operation launched by Croatian forces, most of the JNA units belonging to the 32nd Corps with HQ in Varaždin, were captured between 15 and 22 September. The garrison in Bjelovar remained as the last one, surrounded by the Croatian forces in the same period. In the morning of 29th September the JNA units at several locations in Bjelovar were attacked. Three minor objects were easily captured. On the contrary at large ammunition storage at “Bedenik”, JNA units resisted until it was prevailed by the Croatian forces. When they entered the storage, Captain Tepić activated explosive producing huge explosion and damage to the wider area, killing himself and several of the Croatian troops. After the whole day of fighting around the barracks in Bjelovar, and after the continuing of the resistance was impossible, the commander of brigade Colonel Kovačević decided to surrender its troops to the Croatian forces. They already managed to enter into the parts of the compound. After the surrender, Croatian forces executed Kovačević and two of his aides, and six reserve members of the unit few days later. Around 60 officers, NCOs and over 330 conscripts were captured and held in captivity until mid-November. Captured quantities of tanks, armoured fighting vehicles, artillery pieces and other smaller armament and equipment was immediately used to improve the inventory of the Croatian forces at the other frontlines against the JNA forces.
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