The bacterial microflora that inhabits our body makes up the most complex microbial community called microbiota. The microbiota, which is evolutionarily fixed in the human body, has a significant ...effect on the maintenance of human health and functions. The study of the genotoxic potential of microflora, closely related to bacterial oncogenesis, remains incomplete. When the imbalance of healthy microflora is violated under the influence of various factors, including mutagens and environmental carcinogens, the composition of the microbiota is transformed into an aggressive form. It has been suggested that such changes lead to functional metabolism shifts in bacterial communities, which leads to a progression of malignant growth in these parts of the host organism. Bacteria are able to influence pathogenic processes occurring during the course of the disease, producing effectors of DNA damage in the cells of the host organism or modifying the body’s ability to metabolize mutagens and carcinogens. We present in this work evidence and hypotheses about the ability of pathogenic and commensal bacteria with genotoxic potential to lead to the development of oncological diseases. This paper examines individual organs (intestines, stomach, respiratory tract, gallbladder and mammary gland), whose carcinogenesis is influenced by bacteria that can damage the DNA of the host cells.
Estimating the effects of small doses of ionising radiation on DNA is one of the most important problems in modern biology. Different cytogenetic methods exist to analyse DNA damage; the ...cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) for human peripheral blood lymphocytes is a simple, cheap and informative cytogenetic method that can be used to detect genotoxic-related markers. With respect to previous studies on radiation-induced genotoxicity, children are a poorly studied group, as evidenced by the few publications in this area. In this study, we assessed radon genotoxic effects by counting micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in the lymphocytes of children who are long-term residents from areas with high radon concentrations. In the exposed group, radon was found to cause significant cytogenetic alterations. We propose that this method can be employed for biomonitoring to screen for a variety of measures.
Despite the great efforts of basic and clinical research on lung cancer (LC), the prevention and treatment of this type of cancer show still far from satisfactory indicators. The complex mechanisms ...of the LC biology are already recognized, but there is a significant gap in the knowledge about the interaction of key biomarkers in the etiology and progression of this disease. The present work is aimed at studying the relationship between the telomere length (TL) and frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) in leukocytes of primary lung cancer patients. In 67 men with lung cancer and 77 control donors (men), the baseline frequencies of CA and MN were determined in blood leukocytes, and TL was also studied. As a result, a significant increase in TL was found in lung cancer patients compared with control donors (25.86 ± 2.13 versus 15.29 ± 1.22, respectively,
p
= 0.00001). In leukocytes of LC patients, a significant increase in the baseline level of structural aberrations of chromosomes, as well as micronuclei containing centromeres, was noted. Only in the sample of lung cancer patients were direct correlations of TL with the frequency of chromosomal type aberrations and with the frequency of paired fragments revealed. In the same sample, significant inverse correlations of TL with the frequency of binucleated leukocytes containing nuclear protrusions and with the frequency of cells entering apoptosis were recorded. The study first showed that an increase in TL in lung cancer patients is associated with structural chromosomal damages, but not with the incidence of aneuploidies.
Lung cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in men worldwide. To search for new biological markers of this pathology, the transcriptome of the blood mononuclear cells from patients and healthy ...donors (residents of Kemerovo oblast, Russia) was studied using SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression microarray technology. A total of 288 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 108 up-regulated genes and 180 down-regulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis using the WebGestalt resource and different databases (Gene Ontology, KEGG, and Reactome) indicated changes in the expression profiles of genes involved in the processes of immune response, protein synthesis, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Analysis of protein–protein interactions using the STRING algorithm made it possible to identify functional clusters of gene products with different expression levels.
An interleukin 4 polymorphism has been studied in Teleutians, Shorians, and Caucasoids living in the Kemerovo Region. The groups of Teleutians and Caucasoids are characterised with even or ...close-to-even distribution of the IL-4 alleles. The most widespread genotype in populations of Teleutians and Caucasoids was the 2R/3R heterozygosity, and 3R/3R proved to be the mostly rare. These data are indicative for mixing processes among Teleutians in the Kemerovo Region and Siberian Caucasoids. The major IL-4 genotype in Shorian population was 3R/3R, and the heterozygotic genotype 2R/3R took the second position.
Polymorphic variants of genes of enzymes of xenobiotic biotransformation (
CYP1A1
(
rs4646903
),
CYP1A2
(
rs762551
),
CYP2D6
(
rs35742686
),
CYP2E1
(
rs2031920
),
EPHX1
(
rs1051740
),
GSTP1
(
...rs1138272
,
rs1695
),
GSTM1
(
del
),
GSTT1
(
del
)), DNA reparation (
XRCC1
(
rs25489
,
rs25487
,
rs1799782
),
APEX1
(
rs1130409
),
hOGG1
(
rs1052133
),
PARP1
(
rs1136410
),
XPD
(
rs13181
),
XPG
(
rs17655
),
XPC
(
rs2228001
),
ATM
(
rs1801516
),
NBS1
(
rs1805794
),
XRCC2
(
rs3218536
),
XRCC3
(
rs861539
),
XRCC4
(
rs2075685
),
Ligase IV
(
rs1805389
)), antioxidant system (
SOD2
(
rs4880
),
GPx1
(
rs1050450
),
CAT
(
rs1001179
)), cell cycle control and apoptosis (
TP53
(
rs1042522
)), cytokines (
TGFβ
(
rs1800469
),
TNFα
(
rs1800629
)), folate metabolism (
MTHFR
(
rs1801133
),
MTR
(
rs1805087
)), and chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes of 288 miners of coal mines in Kuzbass, 365 workers of coal-fired thermal power plants, and 642 residents of Kemerovo oblast who did not work at industrial enterprises were analyzed. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the group of miners (4.06 ± 0.15%) and workers at thermal power plants (3.19 ± 0.09%) was significantly higher than in the group of individuals who did not work in production (1.53 ± 0.05%,
p
< 0.00001). The increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in miners is associated with genetic variants
XPD rs13181
and
XRCC4 rs2075685
, and in power engineers with variants of the
TGFβ
gene
rs1800469.
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