Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the microbiome may have significant impact on the development of lung cancer by its effects on inflammation, dysbiosis or genome damage. The aim of this study ...was to compare the sputum microbiome of lung cancer (LC) patients with the chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronuclei (MN) frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 66 men with untreated LC were compared with 62 control subjects with respect to CA and MN frequency and centromere fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis. Results showed a significant increase in CA (4.11 ± 2.48% versus 2.08 ± 1.18%) and MN (1.53 ± 0.67% versus 0.87 ± 0.49%) frequencies, respectively, in LC patients as compared to control subjects. The higher frequency of centromeric positive MN of LC patients was mainly due to aneuploidy. A significant increase in Streptococcus, Bacillus, Gemella and Haemophilus in LC patients was detected, in comparison to the control subjects while 18 bacterial genera were significantly reduced, which indicates a decrease in the beta diversity in the microbiome of LC patients. Although, the CA frequency in LC patients is significantly associated with an increased presence of the genera Bacteroides, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Porphyromonas, Mycoplasma and Fusobacterium in their sputum, and a decrease for the genus Granulicatella after application of false discovery rate correction, significance was not any more present. The decrease of MN frequency of LC patients is significantly associated with an increase in Megasphaera genera and Selenomonas bovis. In conclusion, a significant difference in beta diversity of microbiome between LC and control subjects and association between the sputum microbiome composition and genome damage of LC patients was detected, thus supporting previous studies suggesting an etiological connection between the airway microbiome and LC.
The living environment is a multilevel physical and chemical xenobiotic complex with potentially mutagenic effects and health risks. In addition to inorganic exposures, all terrestrial and aquatic ...living forms interact with microbiota as selectively established communities of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Along these lines, the human organism should then be considered a “meta-organism” with complex dynamics of interaction between the environment and microbiome. Bacterial communities within the microbiome, bacteriome, by its mass, symbiotic or competitive position and composition are in a fragile balance with the host organisms and have a crucial impact on their homeostasis. Bacteriome taxonomic composition is modulated by age, sex and host genetic profile and may be changed by adverse environmental exposures and life style factors such as diet or drug intake. A changed and/or misbalanced bacteriome has genotoxic potential with significant impact on the pathogenesis of acute, chronic and neoplastic diseases in the host organism. Bacteria may produce genotoxins, express a variety of pathways in which they generate free radicals or affect DNA repair causing genome damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, modulate immune response and launch carcinogenesis in the host organism. Future investigations should focus on the interplay between exposure to xenobiotics and bacteriome composition, immunomodulation caused by misbalanced bacteriome, impact of the environment on bacteriome composition in children and its lifelong effect on health risks.
Here we report a pilot-sized study to compare the taxonomic composition of sputum microbiome in 17 newly-diagnosed lung cancer (LC) patients and 17 controls. Another object was to compare the ...representation of individual bacterial genera and species in sputum with the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the blood lymphocytes of LC patients and in controls. Both groups were male; average age 56.1 ± 11.5 in patients and 55.7 ± 4.1 in controls. Differences in the species composition of bacterial communities in LC patients and controls were significant (pseudo-F = 1.94; p = 0.005). Increased prevalence in LC patients was detected for the genera Haemophilus and Bergeyella; whereas a decrease was observed for the genera Atopobium, Stomatobaculum, Treponema and Porphyromonas. Donors with high frequencies of chromosomal aberrations had a significant reduction in the microbiome of representatives of the genus Atopobium in the microbiome and a simultaneous increase in representatives of the species Alloprevotella compared to donors with a low level of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes. Thus, a comparison of the bacterial composition in the sputum of donors with cytogenetic damages in theirs lymphocytes, warrants further investigations on the potential role of microorganisms in the process of mutagenesis in somatic cells of the host body.
Recent studies have shown that the bacterial microbiome of the respiratory tract influences the development of lung cancer. Changes in the composition of the microbiome are observed in patients with ...chronic inflammatory processes. Such microbiome changes may include the occurrence of bacteria that cause oxidative stress and that are capable of causing genome damage in the cells of the host organism directly and indirectly. To date, the composition of the respiratory microbiome in patients with various histological variants of lung cancer has not been studied. In the present study, we determined the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, 52 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 52 healthy control donors, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the V3-V4 region of the bacterial gene encoding 16S rRNA. The sputum microbiomes of patients with different histological types of lung cancer and controls did not show significant differences in terms of the species richness index (Shannon); however, the patients differed from the controls in terms of evenness index (Pielou). The structures of bacterial communities (beta diversity) in the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups were also similar; however, when analyzed according to the matrix constructed by the Bray-Curtis method, there were differences between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and healthy subjects, but not between those with adenocarcinoma and controls. Using the LEFse method it was possible to identify an increase in the content of Bacillota (Streptococcus and Bacillus) and Actinomycetota (Rothia) in the sputum of patients with squamous cell carcinoma when compared with samples from patients with adenocarcinoma. There were no differences in the content of bacteria between the samples of patients with adenocarcinoma and the control ones. The content of representatives of the genera Streptococcus, Bacillus, Peptostreptococcus (phylum Bacillota), Prevotella, Macellibacteroides (phylum Bacteroidota), Rothia (phylum Actinomycetota) and Actinobacillus (phylum Pseudomonadota) was increased in the microbiome of sputum samples from patients with squamous cell carcinoma, compared with the control. Thus, the sputum bacterial microbiome of patients with different histological types of non-small-cell lung cancer has significant differences. Further research should be devoted to the search for microbiome biomarkers of lung cancer at the level of bacterial species using whole-genome sequencing.
Abstract
This study describes a mathematical model of deflection of a steel medical injection needle during its motion in the soft tissue phantom (imitation of human tissues). This model is necessary ...for adjustment of robotically assisted systems during brachytherapy procedures or similar operations where high precision needle tip positioning is prerequisite. Since the needle tip is asymmetrical, the needle will deform when moving in human tissues and consequently deflect from the rectirectilinear motion. Thus, by inserting and rotating the needle around its axis the needle tip can be led along the predetermined path. This study adopts a new approach to describe an external impact on the needle when it moves inside human tissues and also describes 2
D
and 3
D
models, a process of selection of coefficients for 3D models, and provides simulation results.
The territory of Eastern Siberia (Siberian Federal District) is characterized by non-homogeneous location of production and information facilities. The climate in most of the territory is sharply ...continental. There is widespread permafrost, mountain terrain and low population density in some places. Thus, these factors indicate that it is impractical to develop some parts of this territory. However, a number of industrial cities are located in the northern territories, thus supporting the development of ICT to link with regional centers. The article analyzes the current situation in the development of information and telecommunication networks within the territory of the regions of Eastern Siberia based on aggregated groups of statistical indicators in the period from 2005 to 2018. Drawing on the correlation analysis, a linear relationship was revealed between the selected statistical indicators. A comparative analysis of one of the statistical indicators was carried out according to all ten actors of Eastern Siberia. The diagram shows the ratio of the level of development within the territory of each region, which makes it possible to determine the level of development of information and telecommunication networks in detail.
The paper presents results of study of the dependence of the Ni-Mn-In film's composition on the annealing parameters, data of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis (EDX ...spectroscopy). The Influence of annealing of a film in vacuum on the chemical composition is shown. The content of manganese and indium decreases sharply with a rise in temperature up to 900 °C, and in a heating time up to 2 hours. The ferromagnetic Curie point in the investigated Ni-Mn-In films is observed. A decrease of the width of the ferromagnet-paramagnet transition results in the improvement of the crystallinity of the sample after annealing.
The experimental and numerical investigation of unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA2412 hydrofoil with chemically treated surfaces is described. The study was focused on the influence of the ...surface wettability on the intensity of cavitation processes. Two steel hydrofoils whose surface is treated using different methods are compared with a hydrofoil having a nontreated surface. The first of the treated hydrofoils has a 50–70-µm thick wear-resistant hydrophobic coating of tungsten carbide applied by ion-plasma deposition in a vacuum chamber. The second hydrofoil has a coating of a surfactant, octodecyamine, applied by deposition while keeping the hydrofoil in an aqueous solution. The hydrofoil with the span/chord ratio of 1.25 was tested in the cavitation tunnel. The incidence angle of the hydrofoil to the incoming flow was 8°. Numerical results were obtained using the ANSYS CFX software package with the Zwart cavitation model and the SAS-SST turbulence model. The monitored pressure fluctuations and the level of noise generated by cavitation-induced unsteady processes are estimated. It is demonstrated that additional surface treatment can help prevent unwanted phenomena in the flow path caused by cavitation. This technique does not require expensive modernization of the flow path in hydraulic machines. Numerical simulations and experiments carried out by the authors suggest that surface treatment can considerably affect the cavitation processes, and the results of studies demonstrate the need for further in-depth investigation of cavitation processes in hydraulic machines, including with the use of modern application software tools.
Chronic dust bronchitis (CDB) is one of the most common occupational diseases among employees of coal-cycle enterprises. Until recently, the lungs were considered to be sterile, but, in recent years, ...studies have shown that this is not the case. However, the contribution of microbiota and individual bacterial taxa to the etiology and pathogenesis of many respiratory-tract diseases remains unclear. The aim of the study to determine the taxonomic composition of the bacterial microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of patients with CDB. Sputum samples were obtained from patients with CDB (
n
= 22, men) and healthy auditorial donors (
n
= 22, men). Sequencing of variable regions V3–V4 of the 16S pRNA gene was used to study the complete taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome. The study revealed a significant decrease in the α diversity of bacterial microbiota in the sputum of patients with CDB compared to the Shannon index control (H = 9.795;
p
= 0.0017). The PERMANOVA test using a matrix of differences constructed by the Bray–Curtis method showed a significant difference in β diversity between the compared samples (pseudo-F = 2.11;
p
= 0.002). In the sputum microbiome of patients with CDB, compared with the control, an increase in the relative abundance of bacteria of the genus
Streptococcus
was found (29.97 ± 14.21 vs. 18.78 ± 11.56;
p
= 0.006). The taxonomic profile of the respiratory microbiome in the study group of patients with CDB differs from that of healthy people. An increase in the relative abundance of bacteria of the genus
Streptococcus
in the sputum microbiome of patients with CDB suggests a general dysbiotic process with the accentuation of one dominant genus of microorganisms in this pulmonary pathology.
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP) is an occupationally induced progressive fibrotic lung disease. This irreversible but preventable disease currently affects millions across the world, mainly in ...countries with developed coal mining industries. Here, we report a pilot study that explores the sputum microbiome as a potential non-invasive bacterial biomarker of CWP status. Sputum samples were collected from 35 former and active coal miners diagnosed with CWP and 35 healthy controls. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used to study the taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome. There was no difference in alpha diversity between CWP and controls. The structure of bacterial communities in sputum samples (β diversity) differed significantly between cases and controls (pseudo-F = 3.61; p = 0.004). A significant increase in the abundance of Streptococcus (25.12 ± 11.37 vs. 16.85 ± 11.35%; p = 0.0003) was detected in samples from CWP subjects as compared to controls. The increased representation of Streptococcus in sputum from CWP patients was associated only with the presence of occupational pulmonary fibrosis, but did not depend on age, and did not differ between former and current miners. The study shows, for the first time, that the sputum microbiota of CWP subjects differs from that of controls. The results of our present exploratory study warrant further investigations on a larger cohort.
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