There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can be under selection, whereas the selective regimes shaping mitogenome evolution remain largely unclear. To test for mitogenome ...evolution in relation to the climate adaptation, we explored mtDNA variation in two spider mite (Tetranychus) species that distribute across different climates. We sequenced 26 complete mitogenomes of Tetranychus truncates, which occurs in both warm and cold regions, and nine complete mitogenomes of Tetranychus pueraricola, which is restricted to warm regions. Patterns of evolution in the two species’ mitogenomes were compared through a series of dN/dS methods and physicochemical profiles of amino acid replacements. We found that: (1) the mitogenomes of both species were under widespread purifying selection; (2) elevated directional adaptive selection was observed in the T. truncatus mitogenome, perhaps linked to the cold climates adaptation of T. truncatus; and (3) the strength of selection varied across genes, and diversifying positive selection detected on ND4 and ATP6 pointed to their crucial roles during adaptation to different climatic conditions. This study gained insight into the mitogenome evolution in relation to the climate adaptation.
CNT/crystalline Fe nanocomposites (see Figure) have excellent microwave‐absorption characteristics. This absorption property is shown to result from the confinement of crystalline Fe in carbon ...nanoshells, deriving mainly from magnetic rather than electric effects—the complex permittivity and permeability depend both on the shape and phase of the CNT/Fe nanocapsulates.
POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin changes) is a multisystem disorder with a good long-term prognosis. In its dozens of clinical features, ...those with independent prognostic value are still not well characterized. We retrospectively included 362 patients with newly diagnosed POEMS syndrome at our institute from 2000 to 2015. On the basis of a randomized sample splitting, we first identified four baseline clinical variables, including age >50 years (hazards ratio (HR) 4.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41-11.76, P=0.009), pulmonary hypertension (HR 3.99, 95% CI 1.44-11.04, P=0.008), pleural effusion (HR 3.81, 95% CI 1.23-11.79, P=0.02) and estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/1.73 m
(HR 8.25, 95% CI 2.18-31.25, P=0.002), associated with inferior overall survival in the derivation cohort, with the use of multivariate Cox regression model. These factors were incorporated together to develop a prognostic nomogram. Concordance index calculation (0.727, 95% CI 0.601-0.853, P=0.018) and calibration curve plotting demonstrated its significant predictive and discriminatory capacity in the validation cohort. This nomogram could be a useful and convenient tool in clinical practice to evaluate individualized prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed POEMS syndrome.
We study the process e^{+}e^{-}→Λ_{c}^{+}Λover ¯_{c}^{-} at twelve center-of-mass energies from 4.6119 to 4.9509 GeV using data samples collected by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The ...Born cross sections and effective form factors (|G_{eff}|) are determined with unprecedented precision after combining the single and double-tag methods based on the decay process Λ_{c}^{+}→pK^{-}π^{+}. Flat cross sections around 4.63 GeV are obtained and no indication of the resonant structure Y(4630), as reported by Belle, is found. In addition, no oscillatory behavior is discerned in the |G_{eff}| energy dependence of Λ_{c}^{+}, in contrast to what is seen for the proton and neutron cases. Analyzing the cross section together with the polar-angle distribution of the Λ_{c}^{+} baryon at each energy point, the moduli of electric and magnetic form factors (|G_{E}| and |G_{M}|) are extracted and separated. For the first time, the energy dependence of the form factor ratio |G_{E}/G_{M}| is observed, which can be well described by an oscillatory function.
The affordability has become a key element in the development of the modern aero-engines thus the design and research of low-cost single crystal superalloys are in great demand. A kind of novel ...Nickel-based single crystal superalloy with cost reduction was designed in this work and the temperature dependence on the microstructure modification as well as corresponding deformation mechanisms during tensile tests were systematically investigated. The experimental alloy exhibited a remarkable yield strength of 912 MPa but relatively poor ductility at 760 °C. At higher temperatures, an overt strain softening occurred before the tensile rupture and the fracture features were identified as dimples induced by the accumulated micro-pores. The stacking faults shearing mechanism prevailed at room temperature and there presented two types of stacking faults in the γ′ precipitates. Both decomposition and cross-slip of the a/2 superdislocation were observed at 760 °C while the deformation mechanism was controlled by APB-coupled dislocation pairs shearing the γ′ phase at 980 °C. With temperature increasing to 1100 °C and 1120 °C, the amount of shearing dislocation pairs decreased dramatically, besides, the interfacial dislocation networks and rafted γ/γ′ structures were formed. The degradation of mechanical properties was considerably slight from 1100 °C to 1120 °C, however, three primary microstructure modifications were emphasized.
AbstractPartial blockages commonly exist in water pipelines due to various physical, chemical, and biological processes, including sediment, corrosion, and biofilm. The formed blockages can result in ...low flowing capacity, additional energy loss, and water quality deterioration during the water conveyance process, such as urban water supply and drainage systems. This paper presents an investigation on the interaction of transient pressure waves with pipe-wall roughness and blockages in water pipelines. The analytical expression of wave propagation in a pipeline with rough blockages is firstly derived by multiscale wave perturbation analysis for transient pipe flows. The analytical results and analysis demonstrate that the wave scattering (amplitude damping and phase shifting) is dependent on the relationship between the incident wavelength and the correlation length of roughness-blockage disorders in the pipeline. The relative importance of pipe-wall roughness friction and pipe blockage constriction to wave scattering in terms of wave envelope attenuation and wave phase change is then investigated based on the analytically derived results. Two dimensionless parameters, which are functions of the properties of incident waves, pipe-wall roughness, blockage severity and range, and internal fluid conditions, are formulated to characterize such relevance and importance. For validation, the analytical results are compared with experimental data collected in this study based on a laboratory experimental test system. Finally, the key results and findings of this study are discussed for their applicability and implication to transient pipe flow modeling and pipeline condition assessment in practical applications.
The mTOR signaling pathway is dysregulated in ∼50% of all human malignancies and is a major cancer drug target. Although rapamycin analogs (rapalogs) have shown clinical efficacy in a subset of ...cancers, they do not fully exploit the antitumor potential of mTOR targeting. Because the mTOR kinase domain is important for rapamycin-sensitive and -insensitive functions, mTOR catalytic inhibitors have been developed recently as the second generation of anti-mTOR agents. Importantly, they have shown marked improvement of antitumor activity
in vivo and
in vitro. This review will detail the potential therapeutic value and issues of these novel antineoplastic agents, with emphasis placed on those that have already entered clinical trials.
The process e^{+}e^{-}→D_{s}^{*+}D_{s}^{*-} is studied with a semi-inclusive method using data samples at center-of-mass energies from threshold to 4.95 GeV collected with the BESIII detector ...operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider. The Born cross sections of the process are measured for the first time with high precision in this energy region. Two resonance structures are observed in the energy-dependent cross sections around 4.2 and 4.4 GeV. By fitting the cross sections with a coherent sum of three Breit-Wigner amplitudes and one phase-space amplitude, the two significant structures are assigned masses of (4186.8±8.7±30) and (4414.6±3.4±6.1) MeV/c^{2}, widths of (55±15±53) and (122.5±7.5±8.1) MeV, where the first errors are statistical and the second ones are systematic. The inclusion of a third Breit-Wigner amplitude is necessary to describe a structure around 4.79 GeV.
Abstract Radio observations of pulsars offer a potential method to probe the intricate microstructure in the turbulent interstellar medium. Here we report on a high-resolution dynamic spectral ...analysis of the “swooshing pulsar” B0919+06 observed with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope over multiple epochs and with the ultrawideband receiver on the Parkes radio telescope. For all observations, the dynamic scintillation spectra, two-dimensional autocovariance functions, and secondary spectra are presented. At 1250 MHz, the decorrelation bandwidth, diffraction timescale, and the drift rate are determined to be Δ ν d = 25.89 ± 7.55 MHz, Δ τ d = 14.42 ± 3.98 minutes, and dt / d ν = 0.07 ± 0.14 minutes MHz −1 , respectively. The frequency dependencies of the scintillation parameters exhibit single power-law spectral behaviors, indicating that the electron density fluctuations in the interstellar medium approximately follow the Kolmogorov spectrum. The secondary spectra exhibit two distinct parabolic arcs with well-determined curvatures of 0.002 and 0.02 s 3 for the outer and inner arcs, respectively. The locations of the scattering screens are approximately determined to be 157.3 and 726.0 pc, respectively, from the pulsar for isotropic scattering. The inner scintillation arc is present contemporaneously over a wide frequency range, indicating that the scintillation arc is a broadband phenomenon. The arc curvature scales with observing frequency as a power law with an index of −2.05 ± 0.05, which implies that the scattering screen spans a physical distance from 689.7 to 883.3 pc from the pulsar.
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