The hydrothermal synthesis of CoFe layered double hydroxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube/reduced graphene oxide (CoFe-LDH/MWCNT/rGO) nanocomposite, a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for ...oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), was reported in this work. The hybridization of MWCNT and rGO with CoFe-LDH endows the obtained nanocomposite both hierarchical porous structure and enhanced conductivity, which significantly facilitate the mass transport and charge transfer efficiency for OER and ORR. CoFe-LDH/MWCNT/rGO displayed efficient OER activity in 1.0 M KOH with a low onset overpotential of 330 mV and an overpotential of 430 mV to reach the 10 mA/cm2 current density. The CoFe-LDH/MWCNT/rGO also presents excellent ORR catalytic activity with onset potential of 708 mV vs. RHE in 0.1 M KOH with a 4e-route selectivity. The excellent bifunctional catalytic activity of the CoFe-LDH/MWCNT/rGO for OER and ORR could be attributed to the synergistic effects of MWCNT, rGO and CoFe-LDH.
•CoFe-LDH/MWCNT/rGO was synthesized via a hydrothermal method.•OER and ORR activities of CoFe-LDH/MWCNT/rGO in alkaline media were studied.•CoFe-LDH/MWCNT/rGO shows OER activity with an onset overpotential of 330 mV.•CoFe-LDH/MWCNT/rGO presents an ORR onset potential of 708 mV.•CoFe-LDH/MWCNT/rGO-catalyzed ORR follows a predominant 4-electron pathway.
n
-type Bi
2
(Te
0.90
Se
0.10
)
3
/(SiC)
y
(0 ≤
y
≤ 0.01) composites with nano-SiC were fabricated by mechanical alloying combined with microwave sintering. The microstructure and thermoelectric ...properties of Bi
2
(Te
0.90
Se
0.10
)
3
/(SiC)
y
were studied systematically. The nano-SiC particles as the phonon scattering center uniformly distributed in the matrix, with little effect on the electric transport performance and significantly reducing the thermal conductivity of
n
-type Bi
2
(Te
0.90
Se
0.10
)
3
/(SiC)
y
(0 ≤
y
≤ 0.01). The introduction of nano-SiC optimizes the thermoelectric performance, and the sample with SiC
y
= 0.0075 obtains the highest
ZT
~0.94 at 323 K.
The relationship between lifestyles and multimorbidity is well established, but previous studies have often neglected the role of spatial heterogeneity. Thus, this study is the first to explore this ...association in Chinese adults from a spatial perspective using a geographically weighted logistic regression (GWLR) model and describe the geographical characteristics across different regions. According to 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, a total of 7101 subjects were finally included, with 124 prefecture-level administrative regions in China. Non-spatial and GWLR model were used for analysis, and gender stratification analysis was also performed. Data were visualized through ArcGIS 10.7. The results showed that a total prevalence of approximately 5.13% of multimorbidity, and among participants with multimorbidity, the separate prevalence of hypertension, diabetes or high blood sugar, heart disease, and stroke were 4.45%, 2.32%, 3.02%, and 1.41%, respectively. The GWLR model indicated that current (OR: 1.202-1.220) and former smokers (OR: 1.168-1.206) may be important risk factors for multimorbidity in adults, especially in north and west among male. Past drinkers (OR: 1.233-1.240), especially in eastern China, contribute to the development of the multimorbidity in men but not in women. Vigorous-intensity activities (OR: 0.761-0.799) were negatively associated with multimorbidity in the west, with no gender difference. Depression (OR: 1.266-1.293) appeared to increase the risk for multimorbidity, with the weakest effects in central China and no gender difference. There was an interaction between light activities and gender (P = 0.024). The prevalence of multimorbidity differed across various areas of the province. The role of geographical variations in lifestyles and multimorbidity may provide valuable information for developing site-specific intervention strategies.
Socioeconomic disparities in obesity have been observed in both childhood and adulthood. However, it remains unclear how the role of risk factors influencing these inequalities has evolved over time.
...Longitudinal data on 2,866 children and adolescents (6-17 years old) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were used to track their BMI during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Concentration Index was utilized to measure socioeconomic inequalities in obesity, while Oaxaca decomposition was employed to determine the share of different determinants of inequality.
The concentration index for obesity during childhood and adulthood were 0.107 (95% CI: 0.023, 0.211) and 0.279 (95% CI: 0.203, 0.355), respectively. Changes in baseline BMI (24.6%), parental BMI (10.4%) and socioeconomic factors (6.7%) were found to be largely responsible for the increasing inequality in obesity between childhood and adulthood. Additionally, mother's education (-7.4%) was found to contribute the most to reducing these inequalities.
Inequalities in obesity during childhood and adulthood are significant and growing. Interventions targeting individuals with higher BMI, especially those who are wealthy, can significantly reduce the gap.
The fundamental means of addressing the challenges concerning China’s agricultural resources and environment is to achieve green and high-quality development within the agricultural sector. In this ...study, we measured the level of green high-quality agricultural development (GHQAD) in China from 2003 to 2020, and used Theil index, Moran’s I and Geographic detector to reveal the evolution trend and driving factors of GHQAD in China. The results show that the development level of GHQAD in China is constantly improving while the spatial difference is decreasing, and the primary contributor to this overall variation is the intra-regional variation. The spatial distribution of GHQAD in China was positively correlated, with high concentration in eastern and central regions, and low concentration in western regions. Notably, topographic relief degree and urbanization level are the key driving factors contributing to the spatial differences in GHQAD across China. The insights gained from this study will be particularly valuable for the government decision-making processes, thereby elevating GHQAD development in China and ultimately achieving coordinated development within the agricultural sector.
Aiming at the problem of insufficient consideration of the correlation between components in the prediction of the remaining life of mechanical equipment, the method of remaining life prediction that ...combines the self-attention mechanism with the long short-term memory neural network (LSTM-NN) is proposed, called Self-Attention-LSTM. First, the auto-encoder is used to obtain the component-level state information; second, the state information of each component is input into the self-attention mechanism to learn the correlation between components; then, the multi-component correlation matrix is added to the LSTM input gate, and the LSTM-NN is used for life prediction. Finally, combined with the commercial modular aero-propulsion system simulation data set (C-MAPSS), the experiment was carried out and compared with the existing methods. Research results show that the proposed method can achieve better prediction accuracy and verify the feasibility of the method.
During the second half of the 20th century, eastern Northwest China experienced a warming and drying climate change. To determine whether this trend has continued or changed during the present ...century, this study systematically analyzes the characteristics of warming and dry–wet changes in eastern Northwest China based on the latest observational data and World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) collection data. The results show that eastern Northwest China has warmed continuously during the past 60 years with a sudden temperature change occurring in the late 1990s. However, the temperature in the 2000s decreased slowly, and that in the 2010s showed a warming trend. The amount of precipitation began to increase in the late 1990s, which indicates a contemporary climate transition from warm-dry to warm-wet in eastern Northwest China. The contribution of precipitation to humidity is significantly more than that of temperature. Long-term and interannual variations dominate the temperature change, with the contribution of the former much stronger than that of the latter. However, interannual variation dominates the precipitation change. The warming accelerates from period to period, and the temperature spatial consistently increased during the three most recent climatic periods. The precipitation decreased from 1961–1990 to 1981–2010, whereas its spatial consistency increased from 1981–2010 to 1991–2019. The significant warming and humidification which began in the late 1990s and is expected to continue until the end of the 21st century in the medium emission scenario. However, the current sub-humid climate will not easily be changed. The warming could cause a climate transition from warm temperate to subtropical by 2040. The dry-to-wet climate transition in eastern Northwest China could be related to a synergistic enhancement of the East Asian summer monsoon and the westerly circulation. This research provides a scientific decision-making basis for implementing western development strategies, ecological protection, and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin Area as well as that for ecological construction planning and water resource management of eastern Northwest China.
The social disparities in obesity may originate in early life or in adulthood, and the associations of socioeconomic position (SEP) with obesity could alter over time. It is unclear how ...lifetime-specific and life-course SEP influence adult obesity development in China.
Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), three SEP-related indicators, including the father's occupational position and the participant's education and occupational position, were obtained. The life-course socioeconomic changes and a cumulative SEP score were established to represent the life-course SEP of the participants in the study. The growth mixture modeling was used to identify BMI trajectories in adulthood. Multinomial logistic regression was adopted to assess the associations between SEP and adult BMI trajectories.
A total of 3,138 participants were included in the study. A positive correlation was found between the paternal occupational position, the participants' occupational position, education, and obesity in males, whereas an inverse correlation was observed among females. Males who experienced social upward mobility or remained stable high SEP during the follow-up had 2.31 and 2.52-fold risks of progressive obesity compared to those with a stable-low SEP. Among females, stable high SEP in both childhood and adulthood was associated with lower risks of progressive obesity (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43-0.94). Higher risks of obesity were associated with the life-course cumulative SEP score among males, while the opposite relationship was observed among females.
The associations between life-course SEP and BMI development trajectories differed significantly by gender. Special emphasis should be placed on males experiencing upward and stable high socioeconomic change.
During the last decade, community-based question answering (CQA) sites have accumulated a vast amount of questions and their crowdsourced answers over time. How to efficiently identify the quality of ...answers that are relevant to a given question has become an active line of research in CQA. The major challenge of CQA is the accurate selection of high-quality answers w.r.t given questions. Previous approaches tend to model the semantic matching between individual pair of one question and its corresponding answer (how fitting an answer is to a posted question). However, these works ignore the temporal interactions between answers (how previous answers influence the late posted answers). For example, a rational user likely adapts others' opinions, revises his inclinations, and posts a more appropriate answer after understanding the given question and previously posted answers. As a result, this paper devises an architecture named Temporal Interaction and Causal Influence LSTM (TC-LSTM) to effectively leverage not only the causal influence between question-answer (how appropriate an answer is for a given question) but also the temporal interactions between answers-answer (how a high-quality answer gradually forms). In particular, long short-term memory (LSTM) is used to capture the explicit question-answer influence and the implicit answers-answer interactions. Experiments are conducted on SemEval 2015 CQA dataset for answer classification task and Baidu Zhidao Dataset for answer ranking task. The experimental results show the advantage of our model comparing with other state-of-the-art methods.
Disease risk is a persistent problem in domestic cattle farming, while economic traits are the main concern. This study aimed to reveal the epigenetic basis for differences between zebu (Bos indicus) ...and taurine cattle (Bos taurus) in disease, disease resistance, and economic traits, and provide a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of domestic cattle. In this study, whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was used to analyze the whole-genome methylation of spleen and liver samples from Yunnan zebu and Holstein cattle. In the genome-wide methylation pattern analysis, it was found that the methylation pattern of all samples was dominated by the CG type, which accounted for >94.9%. The DNA methylation levels of different functional regions and transcriptional elements in the CG background varied widely. However, the methylation levels of different samples in the same functional regions or transcriptional elements did not differ significantly. In addition, we identified a large number of differentially methylation region (DMR) in both the spleen and liver groups, of which 4713 and 4663 were annotated to functional elements, and most of them were annotated to the intronic and exonic regions of genes. GO and KEGG functional analysis of the same differentially methylation region (DMG) in the spleen and liver groups revealed that significantly enriched pathways were involved in neurological, disease, and growth functions. As a result of the results of DMR localization, we screened six genes (DNM3, INPP4B, PLD, PCYT1B, KCNN2, and SLIT3) that were tissue-specific candidates for economic traits, disease, and disease resistance in Yunnan zebu. In this study, DNA methylation was used to construct links between genotypes and phenotypes in domestic cattle, providing useful information for further screening of epigenetic molecular markers in zebu and taurine cattle.
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