Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is a rare post operative complication of Neurosurgery. It presents typically acutely with loss of vision, loss of pupillary reaction, and limitation of extraocular ...movement. The etiology of OCS is most typically associated with increased pressure from a mass lesion in the orbit compromising the blood supply of orbital structures. Emergent bedside decompression of the orbit by lateral canthotomy is indicated to quickly treat OCS in an attempt to save visual acuity and extraocular function.
We report a 76-year-old male patient whose magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated an anterior right frontal broad dural-based homogenously enhancing mass measuring 6.0 × 3.1 × 6.3 cm after he presented with 1-year of progressive cognitive dysfunction. A right-sided pterional craniotomy and resection of mass was performed under general anesthesia, with an uncomplicated intraoperative course. Postoperatively, the right eye was noted to have an afferent pupillary defect, complete ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and significant resistance to retropulsion. Emergent ophthalmologic consultation confirmed the ocular examination, and the diagnosis of right OCS was suspected. A right lateral canthotomy and cantholysis was performed by the ophthalmologist at the bedside. The fundoscopic retinal evaluation was normal. Noncontrast computed tomography of the head demonstrated expected postoperative changes and mild edema of the right frontal lobe without evidence of acute hemorrhage. There was no retro-orbital hematoma, but the right extra-ocular muscles appeared edematous compared to the left. No light perception and ophthalmoplegia continued in the right eye.
This case demonstrates that although very rare, OCS can occur without compression of the eye or an intra-orbital mass. Visual loss is a devastating complication. Constant vigilance to ensure adequate arterial and venous supply to the orbit, with great care to prevent external compression on the eye, hopefully, will continue to make this complication rare.
This paper describes a robust methodology for inspection of the changing surface texture of road stones as they undergo simulated traffic polishing. Three-dimensional measurements of surface relief ...are made at five discrete levels of wear, corresponding to five levels of friction. The advantages of measurement in three dimensions are explored, observations are made about the change in surface appearance and the surface is characterised at each stage using a standard areal roughness parameter.
► Demonstration of wear on road stone surfaces. ► Characterisation of surface texture using standard roughness parameter. ► Link between abrasion and surface texture. ► Ground work for development of link between surface texture and friction.
Osteopenia/osteoporosis (O/O) has been associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). We retrospectively reviewed 102 patients undergoing a first alloSCT from 2000 to 2005 at our ...center to evaluate the prevalence of O/O < or =6 and >6 months post-alloSCT. Fifty-six patients did not have a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan following alloSCT. Approximately half (n=13/27) of those with a first DXA scan < or =6 months post-alloSCT had O/O and a similar rate (n=9/19) was seen in those with a first DXA scan >6 months. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the normal and O/O groups. The dual femur (DF) appeared to be more vulnerable to alloSCT-induced bone mineral density (BMD) loss than the lumbar spine (LS), regardless of screening time. O/O patients were treated with bisphosphonates and 41% had a repeat DXA scan post-treatment. No patient developed jaw osteonecrosis and significant BMD improvement was seen at the LS (mean BMD, 1.03+/-0.13 vs 1.08+/-0.12, P=0.004) but not the DF (mean BMD, 0.84+/-0.06 vs 0.85+/-0.08, P=0.29), indicating BMD loss at the DF is more resistant than the LS to antiresorptive therapy. Our results demonstrate that O/O is an early and late complication post-alloSCT and bisphosphonate treatment reverses BMD loss at the LS.
•Validated wearable sensors against optical motion capture during sports movements.•System agreement was insensitive to activity dynamics (i.e., slow or fast).•ICC values were higher for the sagittal ...plane than the transverse or frontal planes.
Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), an alternative to 3D optical motion capture, are growing in popularity to assess sports-related movements. This study validated an IMU system against a “gold-standard” optical motion capture system during common sports movements. Forty-nine healthy adults performed six movements common to a variety of sports applications (cutting, running, jumping, single leg squats, and cross-over twist) while simultaneously outfitted with standard, retroreflective markers and a wireless IMU system. Bias, RMSE, precision, and maximum absolute error (MAE) were calculated to compare the two systems at the lower extremity joints and the trunk in all planes of movement and for all activities. The MAE difference between fast and slow activities for the sagittal, transverse, and frontal planes were 11.62°, 7.41°, and 5.82°, respectively. For bias, the IMU system tended to report larger angles than the optical motion capture system in the transverse and frontal planes and smaller angles in the sagittal plane. Average intraclass correlation coefficients for the sagittal, transverse, and frontal planes were 0.81±0.17, 0.38±0.19, and 0.22±0.37, respectively. When calculating a global bias across all three planes, the IMU system reported nearly identical angles (< 3.5° difference) to the optical motion capture system. The global precision across all planes was 2–6.5°, and the global RMSE was 7–10.5°. However, the global MAE was 11–23°. Overall, and with suggestions for methodological improvement to further reduce measurement errors, these results support current applications and also indicate the need for continued validation and improvement of IMU systems.
As the LHC luminosity is ramped up to 3 × 10 34 cm 2 s 1 and beyond, the high rates, multiplicities, and energies of particles seen by the detectors will pose a unique challenge. Only a tiny fraction ...of the produced collisions can be stored offline and immense real-time data reduction is needed. An effective trigger system must maintain high trigger efficiencies for the physics we are most interested in while suppressing the enormous QCD backgrounds. This requires massive computing power to minimize the online execution time of complex algorithms. A multi-level trigger is an effective solution to meet this challenge. The Fast Tracker (FTK) is an upgrade to the current ATLAS trigger system that will operate at full Level-1 output rates and provide high-quality tracks reconstructed over the entire inner detector by the start of processing in the Level-2 Trigger. FTK solves the combinatorial challenge inherent to tracking by exploiting the massive parallelism of associative memories that can compare inner detector hits to millions of pre-calculated patterns simultaneously. The tracking problem within matched patterns is further simplified by using pre-computed linearized fitting constants and relying on fast DSPs in modern commercial FPGAs. Overall, FTK is able to compute the helix parameters for all tracks in an event and apply quality cuts in less than 100 μs. The system design is defined and the performance presented with respect to high transverse momentum (high-p T ) Level-2 objects: b jets, tau jets, and isolated leptons. We test FTK algorithms using the full ATLAS simulation with WH events up to 3 × 10 34 cm 2 s 1 luminosity and compare the FTK results with the offline tracking capability. We present the architecture and the reconstruction performance for the mentioned high-p T Level-2 objects.
In motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), liver injuries are one of the most frequently reported types of abdominal organ trauma. Although finite element models are utilized to evaluate the risk of ...sustaining an abdominal organ injury in MVCs, these models must be validated based on biomechanical data in order to accurately assess injury risk. Given that previous studies that have quantified the tensile failure properties of human liver parenchyma have been limited to testing at 48 h postmortem, it is currently unknown how the material properties change between time of death and 48 h postmortem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the effects of postmortem degradation on the tensile material properties of bovine liver parenchyma with increasing postmortem time when stored in DMEM or saline. A total of 148 uniaxial tension tests were successfully conducted on parenchyma samples of fourteen bovine livers acquired immediately after death. Liver tissue was submerged in DMEM or saline and kept cool during sample preparation and storage. Twelve livers were stored as large blocks of tissue, while two livers were stored as small blocks and slices. Tension tests were performed on multiple dog-bone samples from each liver at three time points: ~6 h, ~24 h, and ~48 h postmortem. The data were then analyzed using a Linear Mixed Effect Model to determine if there were significant changes in the failure stress, failure strain, and modulus with respect to postmortem time. The results of the current study showed that the failure strain of bovine liver parenchyma decreased significantly between 6 h and 48 h after death when stored as large blocks in saline and refrigerated. Conversely, neither the failure stress nor failure strain changed significantly with respect to postmortem time when stored as large blocks in DMEM. The modulus did not change significantly with respect to postmortem time for tissue stored as large blocks in either saline or DMEM. Cellular disruption increased with postmortem time for tissue stored as large blocks, with tissue stored in saline showing the greatest increase at each time point. In addition, preliminary results indicated that reducing the tissue storage size had a negative effect on the material properties and cellular architecture. Overall, this study illustrated that the effects of postmortem liver degradation varied with respect to the preservation fluid, storage time, and storage block size.
The aim of this study was to investigate if and to what extent small lateral wedges inserted under the ski boot, known as canting, could impact knee kinematics/kinetics, balance, and neuromuscular ...activity in recreational alpine skiers in the laboratory setting.
Experimental, crossover study with repeated-measures analysis
Thirty-eight recreational skiers completed a single-leg postural balance test while wearing standardized ski boots in their unmodified state (control), and with medial and lateral canting wedges applied. Kinematics, kinetics, postural control measures, and neuromuscular activity of the lower extremity were assessed using optical motion capture, instrumented force plates, and electromyography.
Canting modifications had significant impact on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics: canting wedges on the medial side of the foot significantly decreased knee valgus moments, hip internal rotation, and hip adduction. Medial canting also improved some postural control measures associated with balance quality, and reduced activation levels of the Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, and Tibialis Anterior.
In the laboratory setting, canting appears to be an appropriate option for improving balance in alpine skiers. Medial canting can alter skier kinematics and kinetics in ways which are consistent with mechanisms of ACL injury. Canting may also result in reduced neuromuscular effort. These changes in movement have potential to prevent lower limb injuries in alpine skiers. The findings of this study motivate future research to predict individual responses to canting treatment in a study setting more closely resembling the sports environment.
This article identifies the way in which a firm-centered, value-chain approach to studying the distinctive structure and evolution of the geography of the Italian textile and clothing industries ...(TCI) offers important insights that qualify the results of district-centered and commodity/value-chain research. Analyses of the functional profiles of textile and clothing companies and of the roles of design, distribution, and services help explain recent trends in industrial concentration and in the national and international fragmentation of value chains. These analyses also give rise to a view of districts as parts of an interdependent geographic division of labor that includes magic circles and delocalized zones of dependent manufacturing. An appreciation of these features of the system is vital for understanding recent trends in the performance of the TCI and the Made in Italy industries more generally.
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