Les jeux vidéo sont aujourd’hui reconnus par de nombreux cliniciens et chercheurs comme des outils très pertinents dans la prise en charge des enfants et des adolescents. Le présent article a pour ...objectif de s’inscrire dans la continuité de ces travaux, en cherchant plus précisément à se focaliser sur l’intérêt du médium vidéoludique dans le cadre de la rencontre avec les jeunes souffrant d’un trouble autistique. Ainsi, à travers le récit du début d’une prise en charge psychothérapique individuelle d’un adolescent présentant un autisme de haut niveau, il cherchera à expliquer en quoi le jeu vidéo semble bien être un outil de médiation thérapeutique accompagnant le sujet vers une augmentation de ses interactions avec le thérapeute, offrant au sujet autiste une possibilité de faciliter la mise en relation avec un autre, l’accompagnant vers une possible rencontre intersubjective.
Les jeux vidéo sont reconnus par de nombreux cliniciens comme des outils de médiations thérapeutiques pertinents. Cet article a pour objectif de s’inscrire dans la continuité de ces travaux, en ...cherchant à se focaliser sur l’intérêt de l’avatar numérique comme support de verbalisation, à travers la présentation de deux jeunes adolescentes accueillies en Hôpital de Jour pour enfants et adolescents et participant toutes les deux à un atelier groupal à médiation numérique.
The recent demonstration of isolated attosecond pulses from an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) opens the possibility for probing ultrafast electron dynamics at X-ray wavelengths. An established ...experimental method for probing ultrafast dynamics is X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy, where the X-ray absorption spectrum is measured by scanning the central photon energy and recording the resultant photoproducts. The spectral bandwidth inherent to attosecond pulses is wide compared to the resonant features typically probed, which generally precludes the application of this technique in the attosecond regime. In this paper we propose and demonstrate a new technique to conduct transient absorption spectroscopy with broad bandwidth attosecond pulses with the aid of ghost imaging, recovering sub-bandwidth resolution in photoproduct-based absorption measurements.
Recently demonstrated isolated attosecond XFEL pulses should allow the probing of ultrafast electron dynamics at X-ray wavelengths. The authors use ghost imaging to enable high-resolution transient absorption spectroscopy at fluctuating XFEL sources.
The quantum-mechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids occurs on the sub-femtosecond timescale. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic phenomena requires the generation of laser ...pulses shorter than 1 fs and of sufficient intensity to interact with their target with high probability. Probing these dynamics with atomic-site specificity requires the extension of sub-femtosecond pulses to the soft X-ray spectral region. Here, we report the generation of isolated soft X-ray attosecond pulses with an X-ray free-electron laser. Our source has a pulse energy that is millions of times larger than any other source of isolated attosecond pulses in the soft X-ray spectral region, with a peak power exceeding 100 GW. This unique combination of high intensity, high photon energy and short pulse duration enables the investigation of electron dynamics with X-ray nonlinear spectroscopy and single-particle imaging, unlocking a path towards a new era of attosecond science.
Significant advances in near-surface geophysics and biogeophysics in particular, have clearly established a link between geoelectrical response and the growth and enzymatic activities of microbes in ...geologic media. Recent studies from hydrocarbon contaminated sites suggest that the activities of distinct microbial populations, specifically syntrophic, sulfate reducing, and dissimilatory iron reducing microbial populations are a contributing factor to elevated sediment conductivity. However, a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the processes and sources resulting in the measured electrical response remains uncertain. The recent discovery of bacterial nanowires and their electron transport capabilities suggest that if bacterial nanowires permeate the subsurface, they may in part be responsible for the anomalous conductivity response. In this study we investigated the microbial population structure, the presence of nanowires, and microbial-induced alterations of a hydrocarbon contaminated environment and relate them to the sediments' geoelectrical response. Our results show that microbial communities varied substantially along the vertical gradient and at depths where hydrocarbons saturated the sediments, ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) revealed signatures of microbial communities adapted to hydrocarbon impact. In contrast, RISA profiles from a background location showed little community variations with depth. While all sites showed evidence of microbial activity, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of sediment from the contaminated location showed pervasive development of 'nanowire-like structures' with morphologies consistent with nanowires from laboratory experiments. SEM analysis suggests extensive alteration of the sediments by microbial Activity. We conclude that, excess organic carbon (electron donor) but limited electron acceptors in these environments cause microorganisms to produce nanowires to shuttle the electrons as they seek for distant electron acceptors. Hence, electron flow via bacterial nanowires may contribute to the geoelectrical response.
The main objective was to evaluate, whether the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-associated early inflammatory response has focal or global character, i.e., whether areas distant to hematoma may be ...affected by an early inflammatory response. The second objective was to evaluate the association of anesthesia recovery time for basic reflexes/neurological functions with severity of SAH. SAH was induced in rats using an endovascular perforation model. Anesthesia recovery time was evaluated for pain reaction recovery time (spinal level), spontaneous ventilation recovery time (brain stem level), and consciousness recovery time (neocortical level). mRNA expressions of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in areas adjacent and distant to hematoma were evaluated between 2 and 8 h after SAH. Serum levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 were assessed at 4 and 8 h after SAH. Anesthesia recovery time of all selected parameters was associated with severity of SAH. The consciousness recovery time test had the best predictive value, while the spontaneous ventilation recovery time test was able to bring information in the shortest time. The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased in severe SAH groups in both adjacent and distant areas. The inflammatory response in mild/moderate SAH groups was less strong, peaking at 4 h after SAH. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were ambiguous. Anesthesia recovery time may be useful for bleeding severity prediction in the SAH model; however, further validation is needed. Severe subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with the strong early inflammatory response, which has a global character, while mild subarachnoid hemorrhage is accompanied by a weaker inflammation.
Nombreux sont les chercheurs et cliniciens qui manifestent, depuis plusieurs années, un grand intérêt pour l’usage des tablettes tactiles auprès des enfants TSA. Cependant, il semble que la majorité ...des publications traitant de ce sujet ne se focalise essentiellement que sur certaines applications spécifiquement créées pour répondre aux difficultés des enfants autistes, notamment sur le plan éducatif, pédagogique, ou dans le cadre de remédiations cognitives. Or, il nous semble dommage de ne voir les tablettes numériques que sous cet angle. En effet, celles-ci ne sont pas que de simples outils palliatifs des difficultés de communication ou de compréhension des enfants autistes, mais permettent à ces derniers de coupler leur monde intérieur avec les mondes numériques, de manière simple et adaptée. Ainsi, en nous basant sur le cas d’un enfant autiste que nous avons suivi en atelier à médiation « tablettes numériques » dans un hôpital de jour pour enfants, nous tenterons de montrer en quoi un usage plus « libre » de ces outils peut également présenter de multiples intérêts thérapeutiques.
Many researchers and clinicians for several years have shown a strong interest in the use of digital tablets with children with ASDs. However, it seems that the majority of publications on this subject mainly focus on specific applications created to respond to the difficulties of autistic children, particularly in the educational, pedagogical or cognitive remediation fields. However, it seems a regrettable fact to us to see digital tablets only from this angle. Indeed, these are not only simple palliative tools to the communication or comprehension difficulties of autistic children, but they allow them to couple their inner world with the digital worlds in a simple and adapted way.
Based on the case of an autistic child that we followed in a “digital tablet” mediation therapy, in a Children's Day Hospital, we will try to show how a “freer” use of these tools can also have multiple therapeutic interests. The “Therapy with digital tablet” will also be described to help the clinician wishing to set up this type of therapy in his institution.
Chang's case showed us that the use of the digital tablet in a dual patient/therapist situation offered the autistic child an opportunity to establish an intersubjective relationship, and that the “free” use of the tablet allowed him to express his internal experiences more easily.
From his digital tablet, the autistic child will be able to try different actions to see the impact they may have on the digital objects presented to him. Every action can then reveal new objects, new possibilities for action or communication which, if they take place in an interactive loop with the caregiver, can encourage him to develop his exploratory process. Finally, if the digital medium offered by the tablet is caught in an interactive loop with the therapist, who comments on what he observes and shares his emotions about what the child gives him to see, the digital tool becomes secondary in itself: it is no longer really what happens on the screen that matters in this therapeutic situation but what is played and said around the screen.
Antarctica is an isolated continent whose conditions challenge the survival of living organisms. High levels of endemism are now known in many Antarctic organisms, including algae, tardigrades, ...nematodes and microarthropods. Bdelloid rotifers are a key, widespread and abundant group of Antarctic microscopic invertebrates. However, their diversity, regional distribution and endemism have received little attention until recently. We provide the first authoritative review on Antarctic Bdelloidea, based on published data and new collections. Our analysis reveals the extreme levels of bdelloid endemism in Antarctica. Sixty-six bdelloid morphospecies are now confirmed from the continent, and 83–91 putative species are identified using molecular approaches (depending on the delimitation method used). Twelve previously unknown species are described based on both morphology and molecular analyses. Molecular analyses indicate that only two putative species found in Antarctica proved to be truly cosmopolitan. The level of endemism based on the available data set (95%) is higher than that in any other continent, with many bdelloid species occurring only in maritime or continental Antarctica. These findings are consistent with the long-term presence of Bdelloidea in Antarctica, with their considerable isolation facilitating intraregional radiation, providing further evidence that does not support the microbial global ubiquity hypothesis that “everything is everywhere.”
Antibiotic treatments often fail to completely eradicate a bacterial infection, leaving behind an antibiotic-tolerant subpopulation of intact bacterial cells called persisters. Persisters are ...considered a major cause for treatment failure and are thought to greatly contribute to the recalcitrance of chronic infections.
infections are commonly associated with elevated levels of drug-tolerant persister cells, posing a serious threat to human health. This study represents the first time a novel large molecule polycationic glycopolymer, poly (acetyl, arginyl) glucosamine (PAAG), has been evaluated against antibiotic and carbonyl cyanide
-chlorophenylhydrazone induced
persisters. PAAG eliminated eliminated persisters at concentrations that show no significant cytotoxicity on human lung epithelial cells. PAAG demonstrated rapid bactericidal activity against both forms of induced
persister cells resulting in complete eradication of the
persister cells within 24 h of treatment. PAAG demonstrated greater efficacy against persisters
than antibiotics currently being used to treat persistent chronic infections such as tobramycin, colistin, azithromycin, aztreonam, and clarithromycin. PAAG caused rapid permeabilization of the cell membrane and caused significant membrane depolarization in persister cells. PAAG efficacy against these bacterial subpopulations suggests it may have substantial therapeutic potential for eliminating recurrent
infections.
X-ray free-electron lasers are sources of coherent, high-intensity X-rays with numerous applications in ultra-fast measurements and dynamic structural imaging. Due to the stochastic nature of the ...self-amplified spontaneous emission process and the difficulty in controlling injection of electrons, output pulses exhibit significant noise and limited temporal coherence. Standard measurement techniques used for characterizing two-coloured X-ray pulses are challenging, as they are either invasive or diagnostically expensive. In this work, we employ machine learning methods such as neural networks and decision trees to predict the central photon energies of pairs of attosecond fundamental and second harmonic pulses using parameters that are easily recorded at the high-repetition rate of a single shot. Using real experimental data, we apply a detailed feature analysis on the input parameters while optimizing the training time of the machine learning methods. Our predictive models are able to make predictions of central photon energy for one of the pulses without measuring the other pulse, thereby leveraging the use of the spectrometer without having to extend its detection window. We anticipate applications in X-ray spectroscopy using XFELs, such as in time-resolved X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy, where improved measurement of input spectra will lead to better experimental outcomes.
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