The present study aims to use the Bingol city center and agricultural plain as a base in future flood management plans and scenarios through flood modeling. In accordance with this purpose, the ...precipitation map of the catchment was prepared using the Kriging method by assigning values, with the Schreiber formula. Then, the slope, aspect, distance to the stream, land use, geology, soil, and precipitation maps were classified according to the analytical hierarchy process, and consistency indices and consistency ratios were calculated; thus, the factors affecting the flood were ranked as precipitation (CI 0.324), distance to the stream (CI 0.207), slope (CI 0.168), geology (CI 0.101), soil (CI 0.091), land use (CI 0.087), and aspect (CI 0.022). In the last step, consistency indices calculated by the AHP method were superposed on the weighted sum method, and then flood risk analysis was performed.
This study investigated the effects of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical responses of the medicinal and aromatic plant Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort). Changes were ...determined in leaf length, relative water content (RWC), osmotic potential, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and proline content as well as in the antioxidant system enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR). These responses were examined in relation to the tolerance of drought stress in H. perforatum. Ninety-day-old seedlings were subjected to drought for three weeks. The physiological parameters of leaf length, RWC, Fv/Fm, and osmotic potential were reduced under drought. The H2O2, TBARS, and proline levels were increased significantly under drought stress. Moreover, the proline content increase was greatly pronounced (25.9-fold) compared to the control groups. The high accumulation of proline may have resulted from the 83.8% leaf RWC still remaining under drought stress. On the other hand, the SOD, CAT, and GR enzyme activities were enhanced, whereas the POX and APX activities were reduced. The results indicate that improved tolerance to drought stress in H. perforatum plants may be accomplished through increased capacity of the antioxidative defense system
Bu çalışmada, kuraklık stresinin Hypericum perforatum'daki (St. John's Wort) fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal tepkileri üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Kuraklık stresine karşı toleransla ilişkili olarak bu tıbbi ve aromatik bitkide yaprak uzunluğu, bağıl su içeriği (RWC), ozmotik potansiyel, klorofil floresan (Fv/Fm), lipid peroksidasyonu (TBARS), hidrojen peroksit (H2O2), prolin içeriği ve antioksidan sistemdeki (süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz (CAT), peroksidaz (POX), askorbat peroksidaz (APX) ve glutatyon redüktaz (GR) enzim aktiviteleri) değişimler belirlenmiştir. Doksan günlük fidanlar 3 hafta süreyle kuraklığa maruz bırakılmıştır. Kuraklık altında fizyolojik parametrelerden uzunluk, RWC, Fv/Fm ve ozmotik potansiyel azalmıştır. Kuraklık stresi altında H2O2, TBARS ve prolin seviyeleri önemli ölçüde artmıştır; ancak kontrol grupları ile kıyaslandığında bu artış prolin içeriğinde (25.9 kat) daha belirgindir. Yüksek prolin birikimi, yapraktaki RWC'nin kuraklık stresi altında hala %83,8 olarak kalmasının bir sonucu olabilir. Diğer taraftan, SOD, CAT ve GR enzim aktiviteleri artarken, POX ve APX aktiviteleri azalmıştır. Sonuçlar, H. perforatum bitkisinde kuraklık stresine karşı geliştirilmiş toleransın, artan antioksidatif savunma sistemi kapasitesi ile başarılabileceğini göstermektedir.
In this study, melliferous plants that the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) can benefit from among the taxa planted in Düzce University Ornamental and Medicinal Plants Botanical Garden, are presented. ...Among the 451 taxa planted in the botanical garden, those with these characteristics were determined by reviewing studies on the subject. Of the 165 taxa (36.58%) included in the honey plant class; 119 contain both nectar and pollen, 25 contain pollen, 13 contain nectar, 4 contain both pollen and insect secretion (IS) or sweet sap (SS), 2 contain pollen, nectar and IS or SS, 1 contain both nectar and SS, 1 contain only IS. In order to prevent the decrease in pollinator and pollinator insects, whose numbers are decreasing due to global climate change, a "Bee and Insect Hotel" was placed in the botanical garden. For this reason, the majority of the plants selected for planting were chosen from taxa with honey plant properties. The main purpose here is both to pollinate the plants in the botanical garden and to show and explain the effects of insect species on pollination through nature education.
Bu çalışmada Düzce Üniversitesi Süs ve Tıbbi Bitkiler Botanik Bahçesi’ne dikilen taksonlardan bal arısının (Apis mellifera L.) yararlanabileceği ballı bitkiler sunulmuştur. Botanik bahçesine dikimi gerçekleştirilen 451 taksondan bu özelliklere sahip olanlar konuyla ilgili çalışmalar incelenerek belirlenmiştir. Ballı bitki sınıfına giren 165 taksondan (%36,58); 119'u hem nektar hem de polen, 25'i polen, 13'ü nektar, 4'ü hem polen hem de böcek salgısı (BS) veya tatlı özsu (TÖS), 2'si polen, nektar ve BS veya TÖS, 1'i hem nektar hem de TÖS, 1’i yalnızca BS içerir. Küresel iklim değişikliği nedeniyle sayıları azalan polen ve polen taşıyıcı böceklerin azalmasını önlemek amacıyla botanik bahçesine bir "Arı ve Böcek Oteli" yerleştirildi. Bu nedenle dikim için seçilen bitkilerin büyük çoğunluğu ballı bitki özelliği taşıyan taksonlardan seçildi. Buradaki temel amaç hem botanik bahçesindeki bitkilerin tozlaşmasını sağlamak hem de böcek türlerinin tozlaşma üzerindeki etkilerini doğa eğitimi yoluyla göstermek ve anlatmaktır.
Roadside plantings along urban and rural road corridors are designed to create visual effects as well as to provide functional
benefits such as shading, screening or routing. Considering their ...potential for daily public use, roads and road corridors, as
significant visual impact centers, can attract people’s attention and affect their points of view. Poplar species, which grow
rapidly and easily along road corridors and can adapt to different ecological conditions swiftly, are used widely in both
urban and rural landscapes in Turkey. The main objective of this study was to determine the visual structures dependent on
the road-plant relationships of the poplar compositions that play an important role in shaping the roadside landscapes. For
this purpose, compositions of poplar trees in selected urban and rural road corridors throughout Turkey were photographed
and visual analysis techniques (VATs) were applied to determine visual preferences. Participants (n= 35) were shown 30
photographs, selected from the nearly 1000 taken, of road corridor poplar plantings and their evaluations were recorded in a
questionnaire. In this survey, the people were requested to evaluate their appreciation levels towards the plantings as well as
to express their other visual preferences and to assess visual quality. In addition, the association of all these evaluations with
the demographic characteristics of the participants were determined. A correlation analysis was then performed to identify
the relationships among all the visual assessments and a cluster analysis was conducted according to the visual status of
the photographs in order to determine their groups. In the results of the study, the poplar trees, either individually or in the
form of compositions, were reported to have a significant visual diversity. Moreover, the cluster analysis found the resulting
three groups to be associated with leaf density, seasonal conditions and the trees as individuals or in groups. The seasonal
variation factor in particular was shown to be visually effective in the poplar compositions. It was determined that visual
perception of the poplar plantations differed in accordance with the demographic differences. This work established that
poplar plantations as single trees or in groups and their proximity to the road altered visual preferences, and consequently,
some suggestions were made concerning the use of poplars in roadside landscape planning.
The residential vegetation features in urban landscapes play an important role as indicators regarding urban biodiversity potential and cultural changing. They also include ornamental resources in ...the context to landscape appreciation for human environment. Therefore, this paper provides quantitative information on the distribution of plant species in urban residential landscape areas of Trabzon city (Turkey). In a total of 218 sampled areas, 274 plants species belonging to 70 families were surveyed with respect to residential use types of the city. The study results showed that among the species recorded in five residential type (traditional housing, detached housing, villa, apartment blocks and sites, mass housing for employees), non-native taxa frequency of a total species are much and dominantly represent residential landscape structure. Additionally, the species richness and diversity is positively related to new urban development areas. But, it was clearly determined that the vegetation structure has tended to ornamental purposes different from traditional residential gardens including fruit and other benefiting species. Consequently, it can be evidence that the residential vegetation is ornamental plant resources to urban biodiversity and that the distribution of the species in urban landscapes follows necessities of city and human quality.
Türkiye bitki çeşitliliği açısından
oldukça zengin bir doğal bitki örtüsüne sahiptir.
Yüksek çeşitlilikteki doğal bitki
örtüsü içerisinde yer alan birçok ağaç, çalı ve otsu karaktere sahip bitki
...türleri bulunmaktadır. Doğal bitki türleri bulundukları coğrafyada
kullanıldıklarında yöre koşullarına en iyi adapte olabilen türler
olmaktadırlar. Peyzaj mimarlığı uygulamalarında bakım maliyetlerinin
azaltılması, sağlıklı bir bitki dokusu sağlanması, yerel çevreye uyum, çevre
kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi gibi nedenlerle doğal türlerin kullanılması büyük
önem taşımaktadır. Türkiye’de özellikle doğal kaynak yönetimleri açısından
yaşam birliktelikleri son derece önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle Batı
Karadeniz bölgesi gerek içermiş olduğu tür zenginliği ve gerekse de yaşam
birliktelikleri çeşitliliği ile dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Düzce Kent
Merkezi çevresinde envanteri çıkarılmış olan endemik bitki türleri mevsimsel
olarak gözlemlenmiş ve bu bitkilerin estetik ve fonksiyonel yönden kentsel
alanlarda yapılacak olan peyzaj tasarımlarında değerlendirilme olanakları
saptanmıştır.
After migrating to Turpan region, Uyghurs adopted settled life style significantly along with nomadic life. They have been influenced by Chinese and Indian civilizations but they didn't lose their ...unique cultural characteristics. Cultural developments in their way of life have been rather affected by geographical features of Turpan region which they have accepted as their homeland. Turpan region was suitable for agricultural and commercial activities but as Buddhism is a belief system which indoctrinates to become settled, Uyghurs have been encouraged to establish and develop cities in the course of their commercial routes. In this sense Turpan became the center of Uyghur culture.
With the increasing density of built spaces in urban areas, the need for open spaces increases every day. Squares are one of the most important of these open spaces. Urban squares allow various ...activities and exhibit functional differences based on location and culture. The diversity of activities conducted in squares is extremely important for the quality and viability of liveable urban spaces. Urban residents prefer spaces that are suitable for individual requirements and desires and allow for a variety of activities. These spaces also contribute to social life. This article aimed to determine the user profile, occupancy, facilities and activity diversity at the Atatürk Plaza (Trabzon urban square) in Trabzon, the capital city of Trabzon Province, Turkey. The occupants of the square and their numbers were analysed via the behaviour observation method. As a result of the observations conducted in the square over one year, 17 activities were identified. The majority of these activities were necessary activities and that the most common activity was walking. The occupancy density and distribution in the square were analysed using the Geographical Information System (GIS). These research findings and analyses could serve as a guide for future urban square and urban open space designs.
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