Abstract
This article presents the binding interaction between mebendazole (MBZ) and bovine serum albumin. The interaction has been studied using different techniques, such as fluorescence quenching ...spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer in addition to molecular docking. Results from Stern Volmer equation stated that the quenching for MBZ-BSA binding was static. The fluorescence quenching spectroscopic study was performed at three temperature settings. The binding constant (k
q
), the number of binding sites (n), thermodynamic parameters (ΔH
ο
, ΔS
ο
and ΔG
ο
), and binding forces were determined. The results exhibited that the interaction was endothermic. It was revealed that intermolecular hydrophobic forces led to the stabilization of the drug-protein system. Using the site marker technique, the binding between MBZ and BSA was found to be located at subdomain IIA (site I). This was furtherly approved using the molecular docking technique with the most stable MBZ configuration. This research may aid in understanding the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of MBZ and give fundamental data for its safe usage to avoid its toxicity.
Hydrocarbon pollution stemming from petrochemical activities is a significant global environmental concern. Bioremediation, employing microbial chitinase-based bioproducts to detoxify or remove ...contaminants, presents an intriguing solution for addressing hydrocarbon pollution. Chitooligosaccharides, a product of chitin degradation by chitinase enzymes, emerge as key components in this process. Utilizing chitinaceous wastes as a cost-effective substrate, microbial chitinase can be harnessed to produce Chitooligosaccharides. This investigation explores two strategies to enhance chitinase productivity, firstly, statistical optimization by the Plackett Burman design approach to evaluating the influence of individual physical and chemical parameters on chitinase production, Followed by response surface methodology (RSM) which delvs into the interactions among these factors to optimize chitinase production. Second, to further boost chitinase production, we employed heterologous expression of the chitinase-encoding gene in E. coli BL21(DE3) using a suitable vector. Enhancing chitinase activity not only boosts productivity but also augments the production of Chitooligosaccharides, which are found to be used as emulsifiers.
In this study, we focused on optimizing the production of chitinase A from S. marcescens using the Plackett Burman design and response surface methods. This approach led to achieving a maximum activity of 78.65 U/mL. Subsequently, we cloned and expressed the gene responsible for chitinase A in E. coli BL21(DE3). The gene sequence, named SmChiA, spans 1692 base pairs, encoding 563 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 58 kDa. This sequence has been deposited in the NCBI GenBank under the accession number "OR643436". The purified recombinant chitinase exhibited a remarkable activity of 228.085 U/mL, with optimal conditions at a pH of 5.5 and a temperature of 65 °C. This activity was 2.9 times higher than that of the optimized enzyme. We then employed the recombinant chitinase A to effectively hydrolyze shrimp waste, yielding chitooligosaccharides (COS) at a rate of 33% of the substrate. The structure of the COS was confirmed through NMR and mass spectrometry analyses. Moreover, the COS demonstrated its utility by forming stable emulsions with various hydrocarbons. Its emulsification index remained stable across a wide range of salinity, pH, and temperature conditions. We further observed that the COS facilitated the recovery of motor oil, burned motor oil, and aniline from polluted sand. Gravimetric assessment of residual hydrocarbons showed a correlation with FTIR analyses, indicating the efficacy of COS in remediation efforts.
The recombinant chitinase holds significant promise for the biological conversion of chitinaceous wastes into chitooligosaccharides (COS), which proved its potential in bioremediation efforts targeting hydrocarbon-contaminated sand.
Atorvastatin-an oral lipid regulating drug is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), which is the rate determining enzyme for cholesterol ...synthesis. Adenine is a purine nucleobase that is found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) to generate genetic information. The binding mechanism of atorvastatin and adenine was studied for the first time utilizing various techniques, including UV-visible spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and metal ion complexation. The fluorescence spectra of the complex indicated that atorvastatin is bound to adenine via hydrophobic interaction through a spontaneous binding process, and the fluorescence quenching mechanism was found to be static quenching with a binding constant of 1.4893 × 104 Lmol-1 at 298 K. Various temperature settings were used to investigate thermodynamic characteristics, such as binding forces, binding constants, and the number of binding sites. The interaction parameters, including the standard enthalpy change (ΔHο) and standard entropy change (ΔSο) were calculated using Van't Hoff's equation to be 42.82 kJmol-1 and 208.9 Jmol-1K-1, respectively. The findings demonstrated that the adenine- atorvastatin binding was endothermic. Furthermore, the results of the experiments revealed that some metal ions (K+, Ca+2, Co+2, Cu+2, and Al+3) facilitate the binding interaction between atorvastatin and adenine. Slight changes are observed in the FTIR spectra of adenine, indicating the binding interaction between adenine and atorvastatin.Atorvastatin-an oral lipid regulating drug is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), which is the rate determining enzyme for cholesterol synthesis. Adenine is a purine nucleobase that is found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) to generate genetic information. The binding mechanism of atorvastatin and adenine was studied for the first time utilizing various techniques, including UV-visible spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and metal ion complexation. The fluorescence spectra of the complex indicated that atorvastatin is bound to adenine via hydrophobic interaction through a spontaneous binding process, and the fluorescence quenching mechanism was found to be static quenching with a binding constant of 1.4893 × 104 Lmol-1 at 298 K. Various temperature settings were used to investigate thermodynamic characteristics, such as binding forces, binding constants, and the number of binding sites. The interaction parameters, including the standard enthalpy change (ΔHο) and standard entropy change (ΔSο) were calculated using Van't Hoff's equation to be 42.82 kJmol-1 and 208.9 Jmol-1K-1, respectively. The findings demonstrated that the adenine- atorvastatin binding was endothermic. Furthermore, the results of the experiments revealed that some metal ions (K+, Ca+2, Co+2, Cu+2, and Al+3) facilitate the binding interaction between atorvastatin and adenine. Slight changes are observed in the FTIR spectra of adenine, indicating the binding interaction between adenine and atorvastatin.
In this work, the binding mechanism between donepezil (DNP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was established using several techniques, including fluorimetry, UV- spectrophotometry, synchronous ...fluorimetry (SF), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) besides molecular docking study. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of DNP-BSA binding was a combined dynamic and static quenching. The thermodynamic parameters, binding forces, binding constant, and the number of binding sites were determined using a different range of temperature settings. Van't Hoff's equation was used to calculate the reaction parameters, including enthalpy change (ΔH
ο
) and entropy change (ΔS
ο
). The results pointed out that the DNP-BSA binding was endothermic. It was shown that the stability of the drug-protein system was predominantly due to the intermolecular hydrophobic forces. Additionally, the site probing method revealed that subdomain IIA (Site I) is where DNP and BSA's binding occurs. This was validated using a molecular docking study with the most stable DNP configuration. This study might help to understand DNP's pharmacokinetics profile and toxicity as well as provides crucial information for its safe use and avoiding its toxicity.
In this paper, we study how to improve the performance and reduce the vibration in a vertical conveyor system by using active control. The system is donated by a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) under ...parametric and external excitations. The multiple time scales method (MTSM) is applied to get the approximate solution and all resonance cases for the considered system. The stability analysis for the nonlinear vibrating system examined using the frequency response equations near the simultaneous sub-harmonic and combined resonances numerically using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order order method (package ode45 in Matlab R2014a). The effects of various parameters are studied at the frequency response of the steady-state amplitudes for the worst resonance case. Numerical simulations have a good agreement with the analytical solution. A comparison is presented with the recently available published work.
The present study was conducted to assess the effect of paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) leaf extract (PLE) enriched diets on the quality of meat and the economic efficiency of broiler chickens. A ...total of 180 one-day-old male chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to four treatments with five replications each (9 birds per replicate). The chickens were fed corn-soybean-based diets supplemented with different levels of PLE (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g kg
−1
) for 42 days. The results showed that the inclusion of up to 0.5 g kg
−1
PLE in the diet of broiler chickens significantly improved the live body weight, carcase weight, and carcase components (liver, heart, and gizzard) weights compared to the control group (P
< 0.05). Enriched broiler diets with 0.5 g kg
−1
of PLE significantly reduced collagen and lipid content as well as increased total protein levels in both breast and thigh muscle compared to the un-supplemented group (P
< 0.001). Subjective evaluation of the breast meat showed a significant linear improvement in flavour and juiciness of meat samples from birds fed with dietary PLE in a dose-dependent manner (P
< 0.05). Supplementation with different levels of PLE significantly improved the sensory attributes (flavour, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability) of thigh meat in a dose-dependent manner (linear; P
< 0.05). Total potential return and net profit were significantly increased in all groups fed PLE compared to the control group. Birds that received PLE-supplemented diets at a level of 0.5 g kg
−1
had the highest economic efficiency (P
< 0.05). Conclusively, supplementation with 0.5 g PLE/kg in broiler diets could improve meat quality and economic efficiency.
Highlights
Enriched broiler diets with 0.5 g paulownia leaf extract significantly enhanced carcase measurements.
Supplemented broiler diets with 0.5 g PLE significantly enhanced the meat quality and sensory attributes of thigh meat.
Birds fed PLE-supplemented diets at a level of 0.5 g/kg had the highest economic efficiency.
Geophysical surveys were conducted in the Lahun area (Fayoum, Egypt). The Lahun area is known to have been the royal necropolis during the period of Senusret II (1897–1878 BC), where he built his ...pyramid. Integrated magnetic and gravity measurements were applied to investigate five locations in the area. The gravity survey was implemented in the areas where chambers, shafts, or cavity-like structures are expected, and magnetic survey was applied in the areas where mudbrick structures are expected. The magnetic survey was conducted using a Geoscan fluxgate gradiometer, whereas the gravity survey was conducted using a Scintrex CG-5 gravimeter. The geophysical survey successfully revealed anomalies that could be part of the trench between the Queen’s Pyramid and the Senusret II Pyramid, several pits in the eastern and southern sides of Senusret II Pyramid, two chambers that could be royal tombs, and the remains of three large mudbrick structures that could be ancient warehouses.
Nanofibers are investigated to be superiorly applicable in different purposes such as drug delivery systems, air filters, wound dressing, water filters, and tissue engineering. Herein, ...polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is thermally treated for autocatalytic cyclization, to give optically active PAN-nanopolymer, which is subsequently applicable for preparation of nanofibers through solution blow spinning. Whereas, solution blow spinning is identified as a process for production of nanofibers characterized with high porosity and large surface area from a minimum amounts of polymer solution. The as-prepared nanofibers were shown with excellent photoluminescence and microbicide performance. According to rheological properties, to obtain spinnable PAN-nanopolymer, PAN (12.5-15% wt/vol, honey like solution, 678-834 mPa s), thermal treatment for 2-4 h must be performed, whereas, time prolongation resulted in PAN-nanopolymer gelling or rubbering. Size distribution of PAN-nanopolymer (12.5% wt/vol) is estimated (68.8 ± 22.2 nm), to reflect its compatibility for the production of carbon nanofibers with size distribution of 300-400 nm. Spectral mapping data for the photoluminescent emission showed that, PAN-nanopolymer were exhibited with two intense peaks at 498 nm and 545 nm, to affirm their superiority for production of fluorescent nanofibers. The microbial reduction % was estimated for carbon nanofibers prepared from PAN-nanopolymer (12.5% wt/vol) to be 61.5%, 71.4% and 81.9%, against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, respectively. So, the prepared florescent carbon nanofibers can be potentially applicable in anti-infective therapy.
A number of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have developed resistance against transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a panel of ...microRNAs (miRs) biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in HCC patients after TACE treatment.
The expression level of twenty miRs was evaluated in FFPE tissues collected from 33 HCC patients. We selected four differentially expressed miRs in TACE-responders versus non-responders and re-assessed their expression in 51 serum samples. The expressions of miRs associated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment outcomes were investigated. The diagnostic accuracy of these miRs in predicting patients' response to TACE was also evaluated.
The baseline of miR-106b, miR-107 and miR-133b was significantly elevated (p < .001) in sera of TACE-responders while miR-26a was elevated (p < .001) in non-responders. miR-26a and miR-133b recorded the highest diagnostic performance as individual classifiers in response to TACE (AUC = 1.0 and 100% sensitivity and specificity). Intriguingly, miR-133b distinguished complete responders from partial responders and non-responders (AUC ≥ 0.90). The PFS was improved (p < .05) in the high expression group of miR-31, miR-200b, miR-133b and miR-181a over their low expression group.
Circulating miR-133b, miR-26a, miR-107 and miR-106 in serum are potential candidates to be utilized as prognostic biomarkers for predication of TACE treatment outcomes in HCC patients.
•We aimed to develop a panel of microRNAs to predict the treatment outcomes of HCC following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)•The expression level of twenty miRs was evaluated in 33 HCC FFPE tissues, and four of them were re-assessed in 51 serum HCC samples in response to TACE•The baseline of miR-106b, miR-107 and miR-133b was highly elevated in sera of TACE responders while miR-26a was elevated in non-responders•miR-26a & miR-133b recorded the highest diagnostic ability as individual classifiers in response to TACE (AUC=1, 100% sensitivity & specificity)•Dysregulated levels of miR-133b, miR-26a, miR-107 and miR-106 are potential prognostic biomarkers for predication of TACE treatment outcomes
•We use mesoporous titania as a carrier for accommodating dithizone (Dz) without coupling agent.•We fabricate one sensor system using one probe to detect multi-metals with the naked eye.•Our sensor ...display high sensitivity and selectivity of a wide range of detectable metals analyte.•The sensor provided extraordinary sensitivity to some metal ions in the post-mortem samples.
Simple, rapid, sensitive, precise and accurate spectrophotometeric methods for detection and removal of ultra-traces of some toxic metal ions such as Cu(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Cd(II) in water and in biological samples have been developed. The procedure depends on a single-step detection and removal for metal ions based on dithizone (Dz) anchored on mesoporous TiO2 with rapid colorimetric response and high selectivity for the first time. The developed sensor was utilized for the detection of ultra-traces of some toxic metal ions with the naked eye. The new sensor displays high sensitivity and selectivity of a wide range of detectable metals analytes up to 10−9moldm−3 in solution. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the examined metal ions in post-mortem biological samples. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision.
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