Rural environments are specific for some crime forms, which can be divided into four categories: 1) agricultural or farm crime, 2) equine crime, 3) wildlife crime, and 4) heritage crime (Hacin and ...Eman, 2019). Pomurje is one of the most remote and least developed regions in Slovenia, where the rural environment predominates. In the article, the rural crime occurrence and related rural policing in areas of Pomurje are discussed. We analysed crime statistics and conducted structured interviews with the commanders of five police stations in the area of Police Directorate Murska Sobota, where each police station's area has its specifics with accordingly organized police work. Individual criminal offences are typical in all areas and do not differ from criminal offences in urban areas (e.g., theft, robbery, vandalism, fraud). Illegal migration, crime related to motorway stops along the Pomurje motorway, environmental crime, crime related to Roma, domestic violence, especially against the women and elderly, and the production of illegal drugs are the most prominent forms of rural crime in the Pomurje region. Socio-economic factors of smaller environments are reflected in rural settings and impact crime and policing. The police work in rural areas depends on residents' trust and respect for the police. This significantly affects the resident's willingness to cooperate with the police. Small size, mutual knowledge, and coherence reduce police operations' rigor and affect police officers' judgment. Police officers in Pomurje stick to the words 'together with the people for a safe local community'. Results show that police officers in a rural environment perceive neighbourhood safety more positively than colleagues in the urban environment. Good interpersonal relations and cooperation with the residents, committed and professional police officers, and management support are essential factors for successful policing in rural areas, reflected in a high percentage of investigated criminal offences.
Rural environments are specific for some crime forms, which can be divided into four categories: 1) agricultural or farm crime, 2) equine crime, 3) wildlife crime, and 4) heritage crime (Hacin and ...Eman, 2019). Pomurje is one of the most remote and least developed regions in Slovenia, where the rural environment predominates. In the article, the rural crime occurrence and related rural policing in areas of Pomurje are discussed. We analysed crime statistics and conducted structured interviews with the commanders of five police stations in the area of Police Directorate Murska Sobota, where each police station's area has its specifics with accordingly organized police work. Individual criminal offences are typical in all areas and do not differ from criminal offences in urban areas (e.g., theft, robbery, vandalism, fraud). Illegal migration, crime related to motorway stops along the Pomurje motorway, environmental crime, crime related to Roma, domestic violence, especially against the women and elderly, and the production of illegal drugs are the most prominent forms of rural crime in the Pomurje region. Socio-economic factors of smaller environments are reflected in rural settings and impact crime and policing. The police work in rural areas depends on residents' trust and respect for the police. This significantly affects the resident's willingness to cooperate with the police. Small size, mutual knowledge, and coherence reduce police operations' rigor and affect police officers' judgment. Police officers in Pomurje stick to the words 'together with the people for a safe local community'. Results show that police officers in a rural environment perceive neighbourhood safety more positively than colleagues in the urban environment. Good interpersonal relations and cooperation with the residents, committed and professional police officers, and management support are essential factors for successful policing in rural areas, reflected in a high percentage of investigated criminal offences.
•Rural crime can be divided into four categories: 1) agricultural or farm crime, 2) equine crime, 3) wildlife crime, and 4) heritage crime.•Pomurje is one of the most remote and least developed regions in Slovenia, where the rural environment predominates.•In the area of Police Directorate Murska Sobota, Pomurje, (Slovenia) individual criminal offences are typical in all areas and do not differ from criminal offences in urban areas (e.g., theft, robbery, vandalism, fraud). Illegal migration, crime related to motorway stops along the Pomurje motorway, environmental crime, crime related to Roma, domestic violence, especially against the women and elderly, and the production of illegal drugs are the most prominent forms of rural crime in the Pomurje region.•Socio-economic factors of smaller environments are reflected in rural settings and impact crime and policing.•The police work in rural areas depends on residents' trust and respect for the police.•Police officers in Pomurje stick to the words 'together with the people for a safe local community'.•Results show that police officers in a rural environment perceive neighbourhood safety more positively than colleagues in the urban environment.•Good interpersonal relations and cooperation with the residents, committed and professional police officers, and management support are essential factors for successful policing in rural areas, reflected in a high percentage of investigated criminal offences.
The focus of community policing is directly on the local community and encompasses various crime reduction and crime preventive initiatives developed and initiated through the interaction of police ...and local citizens. The history of the development of community policing in Slovenia has shown that, for a thriving community policing approach, police officers had to work actively and hard for many years and cooperate with local leaders and citizens from both rural and urban local communities in various ways to make positive progress. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed police activities and interfered with community policing throughout Slovenia, especially in its rural regions. This article reviews the organization of community policing in eight rural Slovene police directorates. Interviews were conducted with community policing authorities at regional and local levels in all eight police directorates. We found that community policing changed significantly during the pandemic (e.g. use of Facebook, Zoom) and decreased, because police officers were occupied with performing other tasks (e.g. security measures related to the epidemiological situation). The most disadvantaged communities were located in rural areas, where contacts with citizens were almost completely cut off. Unfortunately, the most significant obstacle to community policing practices is long-term staffing shortages of the Slovenian police.
Namen prispevka: Problematika okoljske škode, ki jo povzročijo oborožene sile v mirnodobnem in vojnem času, je predmet preučevanja sociologije, zdravstva, ekologije, kriminologije in drugih ved. ...Čeprav problem prepoznavajo tudi ekološki kriminologi, pa so manj številni prispevki avtorjev, ki bi analizirali specifične povzročitelje ekološke kriminalitete, kot so oborožene sile. Predstavimo kriminogenost vojaške organizacije in etiologijo ekološke kriminalitete v vojaški organizaciji. Metode: Uporabili smo analizo obstoječih knjižnih in elektronskih virov s področja ekološke kriminologije, ekološke kriminalitete in sociologije vojske. Z deskriptivno metodo, metodo dedukcije in metodo kompilacije smo opisali vsebinsko področje in ga umestili v kontekst ekološke kriminologije. Ugotovitve: Med pojavne oblike kriminalitete v vojaški organizaciji uvrščamo tudi ekološko kriminaliteto. Vojaško institucionalno okolje ustvarja, ohranja ali preprečuje okoliščine, ki generirajo splošne in posebne oblike kriminalitete, med njimi tudi ekološko kriminaliteto, katere povzročitelj so oborožene sile. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: S prispevkom smo predstavili kriminogenost vojaške organizacije. Opisali smo izbrane pojavne oblike ekološke kriminalitete in kriminogene predispozicije oboroženih sil za povzročitev ekološke kriminalitete. Znanstveno preučevanje mirnodobnih dejavnosti oboroženih sil v kontekstu ekološke kriminologije predstavlja novost in tudi prispevek k obstoječemu znanju na področju (ekološke) kriminologije in sociologije vojske.
Namen prispevka je predstaviti širše področje rabe živega srebra in prikazati, kako zelo obširna in kompleksna je problematika onesnaževanja s to strupeno kovino. Z metodo analize in deduktivno ...metodo smo pregledali literaturo, pridobljene podatke preučili in analizirali z vidika ekološke kriminologije. Z deskriptivno metodo smo izpostavili številne vidike negativnega vpliva živega srebra na okolje in ljudi, ki ga ne zaznamo in se ga pogosto sploh ne zavedamo. Tematika uporabe in vpliva strupenosti živega srebra je izjemno široka in se dotika tako našega vsakdana kot tudi industrije. Čeprav se stroka zaveda, za kako zelo toksično kovino gre, je poizkusov, da bi našli alternative, ki ne vsebujejo uporabe živega srebra, oziroma da onesnaževanje z živim srebrom ne bi bilo stranski produkt industrijskih procesov, zelo malo. Prispevek je pomemben predvsem z vidika ozaveščanja kot ene izmed nalog ekološke kriminologije. Izpostavljena problematika živega srebra je namreč tema, o kateri se na splošno sicer ne govori veliko in je zato splošna populacija ne dojema kot problem, ki potrebuje več pozornosti, intenzivnejše soočanje in reševanje izzivov z različnih področij. Če pa pride do kontaminacije ali zastrupitve z zaužitjem, so posledice velikokrat hude, lahko tudi usodne.
Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je ponazoritev problematike spolnega nadlegovanja s poudarkom na območjih nočnega življenja (zabave) v mestih, predstavitvi teoretičnega ozadja, pojavnih oblik in ...razsežnosti pojava kot tudi viktimološkega vidika ter nekaterih kriminoloških razlag. Metode: V príspevku smo pregledali in analizirali literaturo, ki se nanaša na spolno nadlegovanje, nakar smo z metodo dedukcije splošne ugotovitve implementirali na območja nočnega življenja v mestih. Ugotovitve: Pri pregledu problematike smo ugotovili, da ključen element za opredelitev raznolikih verbalnih, neverbalnih in fizičnih dejanj kot spolno nadlegovanje predstavlja njihova nezaželenost z vidika nadlegovane osebe. Spolno nadlegovanje se pojavlja na vseh področjih človekovega udejstvovanja bodisi kot del nasilja v družini, na delovnem mestu, v sklopu izobraževanja ali javnih krajev. Med slednjimi predstavljajo manj raziskana območja območja nočnega življenja (zabave) v mestih. Kriminogen potencial območij nočnega življenja se med drugim skriva v prisotnosti alkohola in drog na teh območjih, kar vpliva na pojav različnih vrst odklonskega vedenja, tudi spolnega nadlegovanja. Ulično spolno nadlegovanje in nadlegovanje, ki ga storijo neznanci, sta v tuji literaturi prepoznana kot problematika javnih krajev, ki v prvi vrsti ni eksplicitno zakonsko omejena, kot drugo pa je tovrstni obliki spolnega nadlegovanja težko dokazati. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: V príspevku smo se osredotočili na predstavitev vpogleda v problematiko spolnega nadlegovanja na območjih nočnega življenja, kar se nam zdi pomembno z vidika odpiranja potencialnih izhodišč za nadaljnjo razpravo in raziskovanje. Teoretična narava prispevka omogoča uporabo ugotovitev kot podlago za empirično študijo o spolnem nadlegovanju na območjih nočnega življenja v Sloveniji.
Purpose The purpose of the paper is to present the results of research in the region covered by the Murska Sobota Police Directorate based on semi-structured interviews we conducted with community ...policing officers in the rural and urban areas of Pomurje. Design/methodology/approach Community policing is one of the more recent (yet hardly new) ways of ensuring security. It focuses on collaboration between citizens and the police, the joint identification of security issues and resolving them. Not long ago, it was established that policing varies depending on geographical criteria, specifically the urbanisation of the environment since police work in cities is often very narrowly specialised compared to in a rural environment. We were therefore interested in whether the Pomurje region also shows that it is easier to practise community policing in rural areas compared to cities. Findings The research results confirm previous findings; namely, that in urban areas approximately two-thirds of the population does not know the community policing officer, leading to the mutual cooperation between residents and the police being poorer than in rural areas. The conclusion describes ways of improving the established situation facing Pomurje. Research limitations/implications We see the limitations of the study in the peculiarities of the Pomurje region; therefore the results cannot be generalised and applied in areas of other police directorates. Originality/value The survey offers insight into rural and urban policing in the Pomurje region at the same time, focusing on possibilities for improvements.
Namen: Článek zastavlja vprašanje, ali je ureditev varstva podatkov v policijskih postopkih zadostna in ali ne »škodi« subjektu postopka. Metode: V obliki sistematičnega pregleda literature so ...predstavljeni vplivi, prednosti in slabosti zakonskih sprememb na izvajanje policijskih nalog (npr. biometrični podatki, sistemi za prepoznavanje obrazov in avtomatska identifikacija registrskih tablic vozil) s poudarkom na ureditvi v Republiki Sloveniji. Ugotovitve: Zadnje spremembe na podrocju varstva osebnih podatkov se navezujejo predvsem na opredelitev, zbiranje, obdelavo, uporabo, posredovanje in shranjevanje osebnih podatkov. Posameznik ima pravice v zvezi z dostopom do informacij, obdelavo, popravkom, omejitvijo uporabe, prenosljivostjo, izbrisom ter ugovorom obdelave osebnih podatkov tudi v samih policijskih postopkih. Kadar policija deluje v okviru zakona, morajo biti njena pooblastila usklajena z ústavními in zakonskimi dolocili. Ta uskladitev šciti posege v zasebnost posameznika. Vendar brez pravne jasnosti, znane kot lex certa, obstaja tveganje, da dejanja postanejo neupraviceni posegi v pravice in svobošcine. Potreben je konsenz med varstvom posameznikove zasebnosti in omogocanjem ucinkovitega preiskovanja ter nadzora kriminalitete s strani organov kazenskega pregona. Omejitve: Článek je osredotočen le na ureditev varstva zasebnosti in podatkov v policijskih postopkih. Praktična uporabnost: Ugotovitve članka ponujajo vpogled v ureditev varstva podatkov v policijskih postopkih in osvetljujejo vrzeli ter oblikujejo izhodišča za prihodnje raziskave. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Článek je prvi sistematični pregled varstva osebnih podatkov v policijskih postopkih v Sloveniji.
A scarcity of clean drinking water resources is becoming one of the crucial problems of the 21st Century. Human race is dependent on water, because we not only drink it and need it for our survival, ...but it is also used for energy production, in the industrial production and in farming. Nowadays, despite the fact that we are living on a ‘blue planet’, the amounts of freshwater is decreasing, therefore its preservation is so much more important. What is more, any form of pollution or theft or other illegal activity against the water resources is thereby so much serious form of crime. In case of any violation of water protection legislation we talk about crimes against water. The purpose of this paper is to discuss about water crimes as a contemporary (security) issue and to focus on the situation in Slovenia and compare it with the situation in Serbia. Both countries are very rich with water resources and therefore possible targets of foreign (beverage) companies that need water for their functioning. In the conclusion the most important findings about the jeopardized drinking water resources with it related challenges are discussed.
PDF
