Industrial design (ID) is a fairly young and largely unknown profession in Turkey. Although significant developments have taken place in the field of ID in the past 15 years, the scope of scholarly ...attempts to analyze the sociological meaning of
in the Turkish context is extremely limited.
We use
and
as salient concepts for a sociological understanding the ongoing professionalization process of Turkish industrial designers, who are developing professional identities and striving for recognition in the larger culture. This paper relies on 20 semi-structured interviews conducted with key players (i.e., ideologues) of the Turkish ID scene to analyze these boundary-work processes.
We found that the positive collective identity of Turkish industrial designers is built on a formulation of
. These negative others are ideological antagonists that are pushed to the “other” side of the demarcation line. Negative others are especially dominant in the professional ideology of Turkish industrial designers because the perceived threats from these antagonists shape the collective consciousness. However, the construction of these others is an ambivalent process in which they also become ideological “friends.” We also demonstrate that professional ideology plays a pivotal role in producing, reproducing, and legitimizing claims of professionalism.
Small cohort studies have reported high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients with Bartter syndrome and lower serum phosphate levels have anecdotally been reported in patients with Gitelman ...syndrome. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed PTH and phosphate homeostasis in a large cohort of patients with salt-losing tubulopathies.
Clinical and laboratory data of 589 patients with Bartter and Gitelman syndrome were provided by members of the European Rare Kidney Diseases Reference Network (ERKNet) and the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN).
A total of 285 patients with Bartter syndrome and 304 patients with Gitelman syndrome were included for analysis. Patients with Bartter syndrome type I and II had the highest median PTH level (7.5 pmol/L) and 56% had hyperparathyroidism (PTH >7.0 pmol/L). Serum calcium was slightly lower in Bartter syndrome type I and II patients with hyperparathyroidism (2.42 versus 2.49 mmol/L; P = .038) compared to those with normal PTH levels and correlated inversely with PTH (rs -0.253; P = .009). Serum phosphate and urinary phosphate excretion did not correlate with PTH. Overall, 22% of patients had low serum phosphate levels (phosphate-standard deviation score < -2), with the highest prevalence in patients with Bartter syndrome type III (32%). Serum phosphate correlated with tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate/glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) (rs 0.699; P < .001), suggesting renal phosphate wasting.
Hyperparathyroidism is frequent in patients with Bartter syndrome type I and II. Low serum phosphate is observed in a significant number of patients with Bartter and Gitelman syndrome and appears associated with renal phosphate wasting.
This article first critically examines the early literature on the role of industrial design in the Third World and subsequently sets out to explain the dynamics behind the development of industrial ...design in a group of Third World countries categorized as Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs). For the development of industrial design activity in NICs, the vital ingredient appears to be competition. This is also conditioned by the market orientation of economic/industrial activity, which itself is largely determined by the governmental development strategies in the context of a globally organized world economy. The article concludes with a new theoretical model for the development patterns of industrial design in NICs.
In this essay, H. Aplay Er and Nigan Bayazit discuss doctoral design education in Turkey. Given the short history of industrial design in peripheral countries such as Turkey, a rapid development of ...postgraduate design education to include the doctoral degree in industrial design raises questions about the characteristics of these programs and the factors which led to their emergence in a peripheral context. The Turkish case is discussed from a critical viewpoint, with reference to both the universal standards of Ph.D. programs and the local dynamics which led to the emergence of these programs. The authors note the impetus from the Turkish Higher Education Council to create doctoral programs in all university fields that resulted in doctoral programs in design before adequate research communities could be created. The article concludes with some brief information about the new Ph.D. program at Istanbul Technical University.
The evolution of design research can be understood as a process conditioned by the increasing knowledge requirements of the new economy. Since design is increasingly recognized as a competitive ...factor of strategic nature, it is expected and natural that design research has found a fertile ground in the central countries of the global economy as they evolve into being knowledge economies for the last decades. Rather unexpectedly however, design research also exists in the periphery of the global economy where the design knowledge requirements are considered to be weak and unsophisticated. By looking specifically into the state of industrial design research in Turkey as a Newly Industrialized Country, the article provides insight into the differentiated reality of the development of design research in peripheral countries. The article reviews the history of industrial design research in Turkey and tries to reveal its problems and potentials in relation to national and international dynamics in a wider context. (Author abstract)
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