The Tenure of Cabinet Officers Brown, Everett S.
The American political science review,
06/1948, Letnik:
42, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Section 202(a) of Public Law 253 of the 80th Congress, 1st Session, approved July 26, 1947, provides that “there shall be a Secretary of Defense, who shall be appointed from civilian life by the ...President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.” Section 311 of the same act amends the Presidential Succession Act, approved July 18, by striking out “Secretary of War” and inserting in lieu thereof “Secretary of Defense,” and striking out “Secretary of the Navy.” The effect of these changes is to elevate the Secretary of Defense to a position in the President's cabinet and to provide for his possible succession to the presidency. The law gives authority for his appointment, but says nothing about his term of office. This raises a question concerning which there is considerable confusion and lack of information. Specifically, what is the term of office of heads of the executive departments, i.e., those who compose the President's cabinet? If one turns to the more recently established executive departments—those of Commerce and Labor—he reads that in each case the Secretary's “term and tenure of office shall be like that of the heads of the other executive departments.” Further research discloses the interesting fact that only one of the other executive heads has a legal term. This is the Postmaster General. In his case, the law provides that “the term of the Postmaster General shall be for and during the term of the President by whom he is appointed, and for one month thereafter, unless sooner removed.”
Mental representations of spatial language HUBONA, GEOFFREY S.; EVERETT, STEPHANIE; MARSH, ELAINE ...
International journal of human-computer studies,
06/1998, Letnik:
48, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Previous studies have provided evidence of multi-level mental representations of language-conveyed spatial (scenic) information. However, the available evidence is largely inconclusive with regard to ...the structure of these mental representations. A laboratory experiment assesses computer-assisted problem-solving performance abilities when language-conveyed representations of spatial information are matched with the language perspective of the task and with individual cognitive skills. Our findings largely validate this paradigm of “cognitive fit” that has been applied in non-language computer display domains, and the results suggest language-fostered “perspective-bias” in the formation and use of mental representations of spatial (scenic) information.
Stiffness and damping control in a telerobotic system allows the master and slave dynamics to be defined by the user. However, many requirements for good teleoperation produce conflicting choices of ...desired dynamic parameters. Rather than selecting a compromise value for the damping of the master and slave, it is proposed that these values be functionally dependent on sensed and commanded values of force and velocity, with no previous knowledge of the environment required. A strategy is proposed which provides better quality teleoperation under a variety of circumstances than is achievable with constant dynamics. It is shown that tracking in free space and along a surface by the slave can be maintained while impact forces are minimized. The algorithms have been implemented on a 7-DOF Robotics Research Corporation manipulator with a 6-DOF Kraft master hand controller, and the impact and tracking performance is illustrated.
This thesis provides a comprehensive study of data compression standards used by both the military and commercial industry. Text, still imagery, video and audio compression are discussed. Several of ...the military standards described appear to be lacking in both performance and technology when compared to the international standards available. International standards could support the objectives as well as the functionality of the Global Command and Control System. The international standards could also provide better long term interoperability and information exchange capabilities than the currently available military standards.
Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering and M.S. in Systems Technology) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994.
Thesis advisor(s): Murali Tummala, Paul H. Moose. "December 1994." Includes ...bibliographical references. Also available online.
This work and its companion paper, Amon et al. (2021), present cosmic shear measurements and cosmological constraints from over 100 million source galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 ...data. We constrain the lensing amplitude parameter \(S_8\equiv\sigma_8\sqrt{\Omega_\textrm{m}/0.3}\) at the 3% level in \(\Lambda\)CDM: \(S_8=0.759^{+0.025}_{-0.023}\) (68% CL). Our constraint is at the 2% level when using angular scale cuts that are optimized for the \(\Lambda\)CDM analysis: \(S_8=0.772^{+0.018}_{-0.017}\) (68% CL). With cosmic shear alone, we find no statistically significant constraint on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter at our present statistical power. We carry out our analysis blind, and compare our measurement with constraints from two other contemporary weak-lensing experiments: the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) and Hyper-Suprime Camera Subaru Strategic Program (HSC). We additionally quantify the agreement between our data and external constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Our DES Y3 result under the assumption of \(\Lambda\)CDM is found to be in statistical agreement with Planck 2018, although favors a lower \(S_8\) than the CMB-inferred value by \(2.3\sigma\) (a \(p\)-value of 0.02). This paper explores the robustness of these cosmic shear results to modeling of intrinsic alignments, the matter power spectrum and baryonic physics. We additionally explore the statistical preference of our data for intrinsic alignment models of different complexity. The fiducial cosmic shear model is tested using synthetic data, and we report no biases greater than 0.3\(\sigma\) in the plane of \(S_8\times\Omega_\textrm{m}\) caused by uncertainties in the theoretical models.
Studies of a group of seventh-grade students who were tested for inquiry skills using the TAB Science Test showed no significant differences between those students who had studied the Intermediate ...Science Curriculum Study (ISCS) and those who studied another curriculum. (MLH)
We test whether the population of "extreme" trans-Neptunian objects (eTNOs) detected in the Y4 Dark Energy Survey (DES) data exhibit azimuthal asymmetries which might be evidence of gravitational ...perturbations from an unseen super-Earth in a distant orbit. By rotating the orbits of the detected eTNOs, we construct a synthetic population which, when subject to the DES selection function, reproduces the detected distribution of eTNOs in the orbital elements \(a,e,\) and \(i\) as well as absolute magnitude \(H\), but has uniform distributions in mean anomaly \(M\), longitude of ascending node \(\Omega,\) and argument of perihelion \(\omega.\) We then compare the detected distributions in each of \(\Omega, \omega,\) and \(\varpi\equiv\Omega+\omega\) to those expected from the isotropic population, using Kuiper's variant of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The three angles are tested for each of 4 definitions of the eTNO population, choosing among \(a>(150,250)\) AU and perihelion \(q>(30,37)\) AU. These choices yield 3--7 eTNOs in the DES Y4 sample. Among the twelve total tests, two have the likelihood of drawing the observed angles from the isotropic population at \(p<0.05.\) The 3 detections at \(a>250, q>37\) AU, and the 4 detections at \(a>250, q>30\) AU, have \(\Omega\) distribution with \(p=0.03\) of coming from the isotropic construction, but this is not strong evidence of anisotropy given the 12 different tests. The DES data taken on their own are thus consistent with azimuthal isotropy and do not require a "Planet 9" hypothesis. The limited sky coverage and object count mean, however, that the DES data by no means falsify this hypothesis.
In this paper we examine the claim that private industry can provide the flexibility and cost efficiency needed to meet current demands for prison space and improved prison conditions. We show ...reasons to suspect predictions of increased efficiency and flexibility, and warn of the difficulties in regulating a private industry. We conclude by evaluating the consequences of privatization for future criminal justice policy.
