A novel computer-aided detection method based on deep learning framework was proposed to detect small intestinal ulcer and erosion in wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) images. To the best of our ...knowledge, this is the first time that deep learning framework has been exploited on automated ulcer and erosion detection in WCE images. Compared with the traditional detection method, deep learning framework can produce image features directly from the data and increase recognition accuracy as well as efficiency, especially for big data. The developed method included image cropping and image compression. The AlexNet convolutional neural network was trained to the database with tens of thousands of WCE images to differentiate lesion and normal tissue. The results of ulcer and erosion detection reached a high accuracy of 95.16% and 95.34%, sensitivity of 96.80% and 93.67%, and specificity of 94.79% and 95.98%, correspondingly. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was over 0.98 in both of the networks. The promising results indicate that the proposed method has the potential to work in tandem with doctors to efficiently detect intestinal ulcer and erosion.
Clinical ulcerative colitis (UC) is a heterogeneous condition. Moreover, medical interventions are nonspecific, and thus, treatment responses are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore ...the molecular subtypes and biological characteristics of UC based on ferroptosis and neutrophil gene sets. Multiple intestinal mucosa gene expression profiles of UC patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded. Unsupervised clustering methods were used to identify potential molecular subtypes based on ferroptosis and neutrophil gene sets. Multiple immune infiltration algorithms were used to evaluate the biological characteristics of the molecular subtypes. Machine learning identifies hub genes for molecular subtypes and analyses their diagnostic efficacy for UC and predictive performance for drug therapy. The relevant conclusions were verified by clinical samples and animal experiments. Four molecular subtypes were identified according to the ferroptosis and neutrophil gene sets: neutrophil, ferroptosis, mixed and quiescent. The subtypes have different biological characteristics and immune infiltration levels. Multiple machine learning methods jointly identified four hub genes (FTH1, AQP9, STEAP3 and STEAP4). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the four hub genes could be used as diagnostic markers for UC. The clinical response profile data of infliximab treatment patients showed that AQP9 and STEPA4 were reliable predictors of infliximab treatment response. In human samples the AQP9 and STEAP4 protein were shown to be increased in UC intestinal samples. In animal experiments, the ferroptosis and neutrophil phenotype were confirmed. Dual analysis of ferroptosis and neutrophil gene expression revealed four subgroups of UC patients. The molecular subtype-associated hub genes can be used as diagnostic markers for UC and predict infliximab treatment response.
Abstract
Contrary to topological insulators, topological semimetals possess a nontrivial chiral anomaly that leads to negative magnetoresistance and are hosts to both conductive bulk states and ...topological surface states with intriguing transport properties for spintronics. Here, we fabricate highly-ordered metallic Pt
3
Sn and Pt
3
Sn
x
Fe
1-x
thin films via sputtering technology. Systematic angular dependence (both in-plane and out-of-plane) study of magnetoresistance presents surprisingly robust quadratic and linear negative longitudinal magnetoresistance features for Pt
3
Sn and Pt
3
Sn
x
Fe
1-x
, respectively. We attribute the anomalous negative longitudinal magnetoresistance to the type-II Dirac semimetal phase (pristine Pt
3
Sn) and/or the formation of tunable Weyl semimetal phases through symmetry breaking processes, such as magnetic-atom doping, as confirmed by first-principles calculations. Furthermore, Pt
3
Sn and Pt
3
Sn
x
Fe
1-x
show the promising performance for facilitating the development of advanced spin-orbit torque devices. These results extend our understanding of chiral anomaly of topological semimetals and can pave the way for exploring novel topological materials for spintronic devices.
We studied the spin-to-charge and charge-to-spin conversion at room temperature in sputtered WTe2−x (x = 0.8) (t)/Co20Fe60B20(6 nm) heterostructures. Spin pumping measurements were used to ...characterize the spin-to-charge efficiency, and the spin efficiency was calculated to be larger than ∼0.035. Second harmonic Hall measurements were carried out to estimate the charge-to-spin conversion ratio. We found that the system exhibits a large field-like torque (spin torque efficiency ∼0.1) and small damping-like torque (spin torque efficiency ∼0.001) compared to those reported for heavy metals. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show that the WTe2−x layer is amorphous, which may enhance the spin swapping effect by inducing large interfacial spin–orbit scattering, thus contributing to a large field-like torque.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a collection of chronic, non-specific inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, the exact causes of which remain undefined. Research has ...indicates that the elderly population accounts for 10%-20% of IBD cases, and the prevalence of IBD among the elderly is steadily increasing alongside the patient base. In comparison to their younger counterparts with IBD, genetic factors play a diminished role in the development of elderly IBD, whereas immune system dysregulation and disruptions in gut microbiota assume greater significance. Among the elderly, various other prevalent conditions frequently exhibit symptoms akin to IBD, thereby rendering diagnosis notably challenging. Given that both IBD and aging process independently constitute risk factors for malnutrition, the probability of concurrent malnutrition substantially escalates within this subgroup. However, the realm of research regarding malnutrition in elderly IBD patients remains constrained. This review delves comprehensively into the status of malnutrition among elderly IBD patients, encompassing aspects of screening, assessment, and dietary management.
Unidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR) has been observed in a variety of stacks with ferromagnetic/spin Hall material bilayer structures. In this work, UMR in antiferromagnetic insulator Fe2O3/Pt ...structure is reported. The UMR has a negative value, which is related to interfacial Rashba coupling and band splitting. Thickness‐dependent measurement reveals a potential competition between UMR and the unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance (USMR). This work reveals the existence of UMR in antiferromagnetic insulators/heavy metal bilayers and broadens the way for the application of antiferromagnet‐based spintronic devices.
A field‐dependent unidirectional magnetoresistance is reported in antiferromagnetic insulator Fe2O3/Pt bilayer structure, which may originate from interfacial Rashba coupling and band splitting. Potential competitive contribution from the thermal random field may also exist. This work reveals the existence of UMR in antiferromagnetic insulators/heavy metal bilayers and broadens the way for the application of antiferromagnet‐based spintronic devices.
Background
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been introduced as a novel endoscopic treatment for achalasia. The aim of this work is to assess the changes in esophageal motility caused by POEM in ...patients with achalasia.
Methods
Forty-one patients with achalasia underwent POEM from September 2012 to November 2014. Esophageal motility of all patients was evaluated preoperatively and 1 month after POEM utilizing high-resolution manometry, which was performed with ten water swallows, ten steamed bread swallows, and multiple rapid swallows (MRS).
Results
In single swallows, including liquid swallows and bread swallows, all the parameters of lower esophagus sphincter resting pressure (LESP), 4-s integrated relaxation pressure (4sIRP), and intra-bolus pressure (IBP) were decreased between pre- and post-POEM patients (all
p
< 0.05). Postoperatively, the trend of distal contractile integral (DCI) and distal esophageal peristaltic amplitude declined in subtype II and subtype III (subtype II:
p
< 0.05; subtype III:
p
> 0.05), but increased in subtype I (subtype I:
p
> 0.05). In liquid swallows, the Eckardt score of subtype II patients decreased with DCI, and distal esophageal peristaltic amplitude after POEM was significantly lower compared with those showing increased values of those two parameters (
p
< 0.05). In MRS, the rate of LES relaxation increased from 66.67 to 95.24 %, but without normal response in all achalasia patients.
Conclusions
POEM reduces LES pressure in achalasia, and partly restores esophageal motility. POEM displayed varying effect on esophageal motility in patients with different patterns of swallowing. In addition, the changes in parameters associated with esophageal peristalsis correlated with decreases in Eckardt score.
Currently, WeChat is widely used in disease education for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in China. It is beneficial for the patients to actively engage in their disease management.
In this study, ...we examined the source and expectations of disease information for Chinese CD patients, analysing the content of popular WeChat public accounts and their potential association with medication adherence.
Between November 24th, 2017 and April 10th, 2018, online questionnaires were sent to CD patients from eight different large urban hospitals in China. In all, 436 patients with CD were surveyed, and 342 patients responded. Patients most frequently visited Baidu (65%), WeChat (61%) and medical websites such as Haodaifu (35%) when searching for IBD-related information. Among ten WeChat IBD public accounts, the China Crohn's and Colitis Foundation (CCCF) (73%), "IBD Academic Officer" (21%) and "IBD in love" (21%) were the most popular. CD patients were most interested in information from the internet about diet and day-to-day health-related living with IBD (83%), an introduction to the disease (80%), and medication advances and side effects (80%). The correlation between the information provided by the top five WeChat public accounts and patients' expectations was low. Additionally, most patients (64%) had greater confidence in overcoming the disease after learning about CD through their internet searches. Medical adherence was also related to internet access and income (p < 0.05).
WeChat has become a major source of information for IBD education in China, but the content of WeChat didn't fully meet patients' expectations. Therefore, future initiatives should aim to provide high-quality information that based on patients' demands.
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