This study is dealing with optimisation of the green synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Taguchi design. Orthogonal array of L9 type was used as an experimental design to detect the ...optimum conditions for synthesis of AgNPs. AgNPs were synthesised using the extract of Mentha longifolia as a reducing agent. In addition to the colour changes, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy was used to attest the appearance of AgNPs. Meanwhile, yielded AgNPs were characterised by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. UV–visible spectrophotometer showed absorbance peak at 340 nm. DLS analysis showed that the synthesised AgNPs are 21.1 nm in optimum conditions. The optimised condition for the synthesis of AgNPs revealed that silver nitrate concentration was 10 mM, temperature was 60°C, pH was 9 and plant extract concentration was 3%. The results demonstrated that AgNPs can be synthesised by controlling silver nitrate and plant extract concentration, pH and temperature. The minimum diameter predicted by statistical model was 35 nm while the obtained diameter was 21.1 nm which is very close to the experimental designed measure. This indicates that the statistical predicated proposed by Taguchi was correct.
In the current paper, finite element simulation for forming C12200 copper alloy and transforming it to T-shaped tube via balls has been done. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new cold ...forming method which is similar to hydroforming having the difference that instead of using fluid, metal and rigid balls have been used to form tube. Simulation results indicated that by decreasing the size of the balls, the rate of stress concentration in tube forming area will be increased and the rate of tube forming will be increased. Therefore, by applying smaller balls, the rate of tube forming can be increased. Also, results obtained from simulations showed that by applying larger balls in the mandrel's edge and smaller balls in forming area, rate of elements’ strain and also forming in the forming area will be increased.
This study was aimed to appraisal the proficiency of sulfur dioxide radical anion produced from UV/sulfoxylate (US) process for the reduction of the Cr (VI) to Cr (III). Under the optimum conditions ...(sulfoxylate dosage, 0.12 g L−1; pH, 6.8 and reaction time, 60 min), 100 % of Cr (VI) is reduced using US, whereas the reduction proficiencies by UV alone and sulfoxylate alone were 2.1 % and 38 % under the same conditions. Also, the value of robs obtained from kinetic study was proved this phenomenon, as rate of Cr (VI) reduction in the US photoreactor was 760 and 15.2 times more than the UV alone and sulfoxylate alone, respectively. Also, during UV alone and sulfoxylate alone processes, the amounts of the consumed energy were calculated 10.94 kW h m-3 and 0.57 kW h m-3, respectively; whereas electrical energy per order is decreased to 0.06 kW h m-3 when photoreactor was operated in the presence of sulfoxylate (US). Investigation the influence of co-existing substances in aquatic systems indicated the positive impact of carbonate and the negative impact of sulfate and chloride on reduction process. Also in the presence of citrate and humic acid, the improvement of photo-precipitation was observed that can be due to their complex with Cr (III). The analysis of sludge of obtained at 60, 90 and 120 min of reaction by SEM/EDS analysis revealed an increase in the Cr (III) percentage as well as increase in the amount of clumps and coagulants over time.
In this study, the capacity of Aspergillus terreus fungus biomass to remove Cr (VI) and Cd from aqueous solution was investigated. The present experimental study employed the shake flask method to ...cultivate fungal biomass. For the preparation of adsorbent, after inoculation of Aspergillus terreus in PDA medium, it was placed on a shaker at 150 rpm, at 25°C for 4 days. After separation of living biomass, it was boiled in a 0.5% NaOH solution. The ability of the biomass to remove of Cr (VI) and Cd from aqueous solution was examined under conditions including initial concentrations of (20–120 mg/L); pH of 3, 5, 7, and 9; contact times of 15–120 min; and the adsorbent doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 g. The concentration of the heavy metals was determined by an atomic absorption device. The results showed that in the optimum conditions of the input variables; contact time of 90 min, pH of 7, the initial metal concentration of 20 mg/L, and the adsorbent dose of 1 g, the removal efficiency of Cd and Cr (VI) was 94 and 89%, respectively. The processes of Cd and Cr (VI) adsorption were successfully described by Freundlich isotherm with R2 = 0.9463 and R2 = 0.9949, respectively, and well‐followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetic with R2 = 0.9935 and R2 = 0.9718, respectively. Due to the high adsorption capacity of this biomass in removing metals in comparison to other adsorbents, it can be proposed as a suitable adsorbent in treatment processes.
The migraine headache is a disease related to the neurovascular system, which affects 10%-20% of people, worldwide. Recent evidences suggested a relation between thiamine status and migraine ...headaches. The current study was undertaken to assess dietary intake of the thiamine in migraine patients and to evaluate its association with the frequency of migraine attacks. In a case-control design, the current study was performed on 50 migraine patients and 50 healthy people, 20-60 years old in Isfahan, Iran, in 2017. Information about dietary intake was collected by Food frequency questionnaire and analyzed using the Nutritionist version 4 (N4) software (Tinuviel Software). Information about the history of disease was collected by demographic questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and independent t-test were used for data analysis and p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Mean age, weight, height, and body mass index of participants were 35.1 ± 9.8 years, 65.3 ± 10.4 kg, 162.5 ± 8.4 cm, and 24.7 ± 4.0 kg/m 2 , respectively. Dietary intake of thiamine among the migraine patients was lower than that in the healthy participants (p < 0.001). Migraine patients with the high frequency attacks had significantly lower intake of thiamine compared with moderate frequency attacks group (p = 0.010), however, it was not significant after adjusting for energy intake (p = 0.410, p = 0.240). Dietary intake of thiamine in migraine patients was not significantly different in comparing with healthy subjects. In addition, no significant correlation between thiamine intake and the frequency of migraine attacks was observed.
Wastewaters discharged from different industries and hospitals may contain pharmaceuticals, especially dexamethasone (DEX). Thus, we applied the UV/H
O
photocatalytic method in the presence of the ...MgO nanoparticles to remove dexamethasone from synthetic wastewater. Moreover, the effects of parameters such as pH (3-11), hydrogen peroxide concentration (1-8 mM), initial DEX concentration (5-30 mg/L), and catalyst dosage (0.01-0.2 g/L) during the reaction times (0-30 min) were investigated. Furthermore, the efficiency of UV/H
O
in the presence and absence of catalysts was investigated. The photocatalyst is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. It was found that the removal rate was enhanced by decreasing pH and the initial dexamethasone concentration. The removal rate was enhanced somewhat with concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and MgO. In the case of UV/H
O
/MgO, 87% removal efficiency was achieved, under the optimal conditions: pH 3, contact time of 30 min, dexamethasone concentration of 20 mg/L, H
O
of 0.5 mM, and UV radiation of 55 watts. The kinetic data indicated that the reaction followed the second-order kinetic model. The results showed that the UV/H
O
photochemical process can efficiently remove dexamethasone from aqueous in the presence of a MgO catalyst, and the mineralization efficiency was reached at about 98%.
The migraine headache is a disease related to the neurovascular system, which affects 10%–20% of people, worldwide. Recent evidences suggested a relation between thiamine status and migraine ...headaches. The current study was undertaken to assess dietary intake of the thiamine in migraine patients and to evaluate its association with the frequency of migraine attacks. In a case-control design, the current study was performed on 50 migraine patients and 50 healthy people, 20–60 years old in Isfahan, Iran, in 2017. Information about dietary intake was collected by Food frequency questionnaire and analyzed using the Nutritionist version 4 (N4) software (Tinuviel Software). Information about the history of disease was collected by demographic questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and independent t-test were used for data analysis and p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Mean age, weight, height, and body mass index of participants were 35.1 ± 9.8 years, 65.3 ± 10.4 kg, 162.5 ± 8.4 cm, and 24.7 ± 4.0 kg/m2, respectively. Dietary intake of thiamine among the migraine patients was lower than that in the healthy participants (p < 0.001). Migraine patients with the high frequency attacks had significantly lower intake of thiamine compared with moderate frequency attacks group (p = 0.010), however, it was not significant after adjusting for energy intake (p = 0.410, p = 0.240). Dietary intake of thiamine in migraine patients was not significantly different in comparing with healthy subjects. In addition, no significant correlation between thiamine intake and the frequency of migraine attacks was observed. KCI Citation Count: 0
The migraine headache is a disease related to the neurovascular system, which affects 10%-20% of people, worldwide. Recent evidences suggested a relation between thiamine status and migraine ...headaches. The current study was undertaken to assess dietary intake of the thiamine in migraine patients and to evaluate its association with the frequency of migraine attacks. In a case-control design, the current study was performed on 50 migraine patients and 50 healthy people, 20-60 years old in Isfahan, Iran, in 2017. Information about dietary intake was collected by Food frequency questionnaire and analyzed using the Nutritionist version 4 (N4) software (Tinuviel Software). Information about the history of disease was collected by demographic questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and independent t-test were used for data analysis and p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Mean age, weight, height, and body mass index of participants were 35.1 ± 9.8 years, 65.3 ± 10.4 kg, 162.5 ± 8.4 cm, and 24.7 ± 4.0 kg/m
, respectively. Dietary intake of thiamine among the migraine patients was lower than that in the healthy participants (p < 0.001). Migraine patients with the high frequency attacks had significantly lower intake of thiamine compared with moderate frequency attacks group (p = 0.010), however, it was not significant after adjusting for energy intake (p = 0.410, p = 0.240). Dietary intake of thiamine in migraine patients was not significantly different in comparing with healthy subjects. In addition, no significant correlation between thiamine intake and the frequency of migraine attacks was observed.
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