As an important group of health problems, glucose metabolism disorders are associated with a number of diseases as well as mortality rate. Recently, studies have demonstrated that the consumption of ...decaffeinated coffee-enriched chlorogenic acid (CGA) can reduce the risk of diabetes and blood glucose rise, while the results of some previous studies have shown an opposite effect. Hence, a systematic search was conducted based on literature search and appropriate keywords through PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge, Science direct, Medline, Cochrane, and Scopus databases from 2003 to 2018. After searching, 1593 articles were found. Then, we excluded papers based on the duplication and relevant for title and abstract, whereas 25 relevant articles remained for checking eligibility criteria. Since only randomized clinical trials studies (RCTs) could be included in the current study, six RCTs remained in end-stage for qualitative synthesis. The results of reviewed studies showed no significant effect of decaffeinated coffee-enriched CGA on blood glucose concentration. Although recent studies have suggested the effectiveness of decaffeinated coffee-enriched CGA on blood glucose in animals, and there are various mechanisms for this effect, and the result of our review showed that there is not sufficient evidence for this claim in healthy humans. Hence, further research in this area seems necessary.
Colorectal cancer has increased in Middle Eastern countries and exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals has been implicated. However, data linking them to this disease are generally ...lacking. This study aimed to explore the spatial pattern of age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of colon cancer and its potential association with the exposure level of the amount of heavy metals existing in rice produced in north-eastern Iran.
Cancer data were drawn from the Iranian population-based cancer registry of Golestan Province, north-eastern Iran. Samples of 69 rice milling factories were analysed for the concentration levels of cadmium, nickel, cobalt, copper, selenium, lead and zinc. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) algorithm was used to interpolate the concentration of this kind of heavy metals on the surface of the study area. Exploratory regression analysis was conducted to build ordinary least squares (OLS) models including every possible combination of the candidate explanatory variables and chose the most useful ones to show the association between heavy metals and the ASR of colon cancer.
The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the central part of the province and particularly counties with higher amount of cobalt were shown to be associated with higher ASR of men with colon cancer. In contrast, selenium concentrations were higher in areas with lower ASR of colon cancer in men. A significant regression equation for men with colon cancer was found (F(4,137) = 38.304, P < .000) with an adjusted R
of 0.77. The predicted ASR of men colon cancer was - 58.36 with the coefficients for cobalt = 120.33; cadmium = 80.60; selenium = - 6.07; nickel = - 3.09; and zinc = - 0.41. The association of copper and lead with colon cancer in men was not significant. We did not find a significant outcome for colon cancer in women.
Increased amounts of heavy metals in consumed rice may impact colon cancer incidence, both positively and negatively. While there were indications of an association between high cobalt concentrations and an increased risk for colon cancer, we found that high selenium concentrations might instead decrease the risk. Further investigations are needed to clarify if there are ecological or other reasons for these discrepancies. Regular monitoring of the amount of heavy metals in consumed rice is recommended.
Rapid urbanization, population growth, agricultural practices, and industrial activities have led to widespread groundwater contamination. This study evaluated heavy metal contamination in ...residential drinking water in Shiraz, Iran (2021). The analysis involved 80 groundwater samples collected across wet and dry seasons. Water quality was comprehensively assessed using several indices, including the heavy metals evaluation index (HEI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), contamination degree (CD), and metal index (MI). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments were conducted using deterministic and probabilistic approaches for exposed populations. In the non-carcinogenic risk assessment, the chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) are employed. The precision of risk assessment was bolstered through the utilization of Monte Carlo simulation, executed using the R software platform. Based on the results, in both wet and dry seasons, Zinc (Zn) consistently demonstrates the highest mean concentration, followed by Manganese (Mn) and Chromium (Cr). During the wet and dry seasons, 25% and 40% of the regions exhibited high CD, respectively. According to non-carcinogenic risk assessment, Cr presents the highest CDI and HQ in children and adults, followed by Mn, As and HI values, indicating elevated risk for children. The highest carcinogenic risk was for Cr in adults, while the lowest was for Cd in children. The sensitivity analysis found that heavy metal concentration and ingestion rate significantly impact both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. These findings provide critical insights for shaping policy and allocating resources towards effectively managing heavy metal contamination in residential drinking water.
Abstract
Wastewaters discharged from different industries and hospitals may contain pharmaceuticals, especially dexamethasone (DEX). Thus, we applied the UV/H
2
O
2
photocatalytic method in the ...presence of the MgO nanoparticles to remove dexamethasone from synthetic wastewater. Moreover, the effects of parameters such as pH (3–11), hydrogen peroxide concentration (1–8 mM), initial DEX concentration (5–30 mg/L), and catalyst dosage (0.01–0.2 g/L) during the reaction times (0–30 min) were investigated. Furthermore, the efficiency of UV/H
2
O
2
in the presence and absence of catalysts was investigated. The photocatalyst is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. It was found that the removal rate was enhanced by decreasing pH and the initial dexamethasone concentration. The removal rate was enhanced somewhat with concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and MgO. In the case of UV/H
2
O
2
/MgO, 87% removal efficiency was achieved, under the optimal conditions: pH 3, contact time of 30 min, dexamethasone concentration of 20 mg/L, H
2
O
2
of 0.5 mM, and UV radiation of 55 watts. The kinetic data indicated that the reaction followed the second-order kinetic model. The results showed that the UV/H
2
O
2
photochemical process can efficiently remove dexamethasone from aqueous in the presence of a MgO catalyst, and the mineralization efficiency was reached at about 98%.
The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) are instruments developed by competing American research teams, aiming to assess the level of adherence to a dietary pattern, ...claimed to prevent chronic illness conditions such as dyslipidemia. This systematic review evaluated cross-sectional studies examining the association between HEI/AHEI score and the lipid profile in healthy participants.
The systematic review was Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) compliant, and a search process was conducted through Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Cochrane, PubMed, and ScienceDirect up to November 2022. Studies assessing the relationship between HEI/AHEI and lipid profile (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG)) were eligible for inclusion. The statistical differences in outcomes, anthropometric indices, and demographic data were extracted from the selected studies. Also, the quality assessment of studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
The systematic search presented 17 cross-sectional studies. Most of the studies revealed a significant correlation between HEI score and lipid profile (LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and TC) (
< 0.05), while a few of them indicated a significant relationship between AHEI score and these factors. Overall, the elevation of HEI/AHEI score was associated with the improvement in lipid profile (
< 0.05), though this association was more obvious for HEI compared with AHEI.
Overall, the results of the study indicated that an improved lipid profile in healthy individuals is associated with a higher score in either HEI or AHEI. Further research in the future is required to confirm the claim.
In this work, the rapid, facile, and eco‐friendly green process was introduced in the preparation of β‐cyclodextrin/magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by using the aqueous Mentha longifolia extracts ...of Mentha longifolia. The obtained nanoparticles were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis. Also, effective factors on the synthesis of magnetic nanocomposites including temperature, concentration of the Mentha longifolia extract, and concentration of FeSO4 solution were optimised by Taguchi design. Moreover, important effective parameters on the adsorption efficiency; such as adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature were investigated. The prepared magnetic nanocomposite was applied as a nanocarrier for imatinib mesylate delivery. In vitro studies confirmed imatinib mesylate release over 6 h. The nanocarrier showed pH‐dependent imatinib mesylate release with higher drug release at simulated cancer fluid (pH = 5.6) compared to neural fluid (pH = 7.4). Moreover, the sorption isotherms and kinetics for the magnetic nanocomposite were fitted into Langmuir and pseudo‐second order models, respectively. Based on the thermodynamic results, the adsorption of imatinib mesylate onto the nanoadsorbent was found to be spontaneous and exothermic.
The data presented in this article was related to the research article entitled, “The use of Cerastoderma Lamarcki shell for Acid Black 1 adsorption from aqueous solutions.” The characterization data ...of Cerastoderma Lamarcki shell was analyzed using various instrumental techniques (X-ray diffraction and SEM). The kinetic and isotherm data of pH, initial AB1 concentration, contact time, and CLS dosage were investigated. The optimum conditions for AB1 adsorption using CLS adsorbent were found to be 2 g of adsorbent, pH 2, and a contact time of 60 min. The adsorption data of CLS fit well with the Langmuir model and pseudo-second order model. Finally, the experimental data showed that CLS is a suitable and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of AB1 from aqueous solutions.
Clinical studies suggest increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and diabetes among the elderly. Meanwhile, some food compounds, such as coffee, can also have beneficial ...effects on CVD risk factors. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and CVD risk factors in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
This cross-sectional study was performed during 2017 on 300 elderly people above 60 years of age with T2DM in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary assessment was performed using a food frequency questionnaire. Coffee consumption was classified into three groups including < 1, 1-3, and > 3 cups/day. Partial correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between CVD risk factors and usual coffee consumption.
The mean age and body mass index of participants were 70.04 ± 4.87 years and 24.74 ± 3.34 kg/m
respectively. Coffee consumption had a significant inverse relationship with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the elderly with T2DM (r: - 0.117, 0.134; p: 0.046, 0.022). Triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) had a significant positive relationship with coffee consumption levels (r: 0.636, 0.128; p: 0.028, 0.029). These results were obtained after controlling for potential confounders.
Increasing coffee consumption was linked to improved status of some CVD risk factors including FPG, HDL-C, and DBP in the elderly with T2DM. Nevertheless, increasing coffee consumption was also associated with higher TG level and had no significant effect on other risk factors. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered a major public health concern. The prediction of individuals who can acquire this disease would be valuable. The fatty liver index (FLI) is a ...non-invasive approach that has shown a good capability for discriminating individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from those without it. Thus, this study evaluated the ability of the FLI to predict new cases of NAFLD following a 7-year follow up.
This study was based on the results of follow-up on individuals who did not have NAFLD in 2009–2010, but acquired the disease by 2016–2017. A total of 2241 people who did not have NAFLD in 2009–2010 were evaluated 7 years later by ultrasound so as to diagnose new cases of NAFLD. The FLI was calculated based on data from phase 1 (performed in 2009–2010) of the cohort study. ROC analyses were performed to estimate the predictive ability of the FLI in the diagnosis of new cases of NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was performed, in which the FLI was considered the predictor and new cases of NAFLD was the outcome.
The related AUCs for the FLI in men and women were 0.712 (95% CI = 0.675–0.749) and 0.721 (95% CI = 0.683–0.759), respectively. Based on the current findings, the FLI showed a significant association with NAFLD in multiple logistic regression analyses in both men and women (OR (95% CI) = 1.038 (1.029–1.047), p-value <0.001 in men and OR (95% CI) = 1.032 (1.023–1.041), p-value <0.001 in women in multiple logistic analyses).
In this study, the FLI was shown to have an acceptable capability of predicting the occurrence of new cases of NAFLD.
•Fatty liver index is valuable to predict the occurrence of new cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.•Fatty liver index could be applied for predicting new cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in clinical practices particularly when the related data exists.
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