Oxidative stress is a pathological condition occurring due to an imbalance between the oxidants and antioxidant defense systems in the body. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), encoded by the ...gene
, is the master regulator of phase II antioxidant enzymes that protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. NRF2/ARE signaling has been considered as a promising target against oxidative stress-mediated diseases like diabetes, fibrosis, neurotoxicity, and cancer. The consumption of dietary phytochemicals acts as an effective modulator of NRF2/ARE in various acute and chronic diseases. In the present review, we discussed the role of NRF2 in diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cancer, and atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discussed the phytochemicals like curcumin, quercetin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, apigenin, sulforaphane, and ursolic acid that have effectively modified NRF2 signaling and prevented various diseases in both in vitro and in vivo models. Based on the literature, it is clear that dietary phytochemicals can prevent diseases by (1) blocking oxidative stress-inhibiting inflammatory mediators through inhibiting Keap1 or activating
expression and its downstream targets in the nucleus, including HO-1, SOD, and CAT; (2) regulating NRF2 signaling by various kinases like GSK3beta, PI3/AKT, and MAPK; and (3) modifying epigenetic modulation, such as methylation, at the NRF2 promoter region; however, further investigation into other upstream signaling molecules like NRF2 and the effect of phytochemicals on them still need to be investigated in the near future.
We report the de novo occurrence of a heteroplasmic 12706T-->C (12705C) ND5 mutation associated with the clinical expression of fatal Leigh syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of several cases having the ...12706C mutation confirmed that this mutation occurred independently in distinctive mtDNA backgrounds. In each of these cases, the low level of heteroplasmy and the association of the mutation with a deleterious phenotype indicated that the 12706C had a primary role in the expression of LS/MELAS in its carriers. Secondary structure analysis of the ND5 protein further supported the deleterious role of the 12706C mutation, as it was found to affect a functionally significant transmembrane domain that is likely responsible for the proton-translocation function of complex I.
Abstract Food processing (FP) industries are dominated by thermal inputs for food preservation. Such treatments can, however, contribute to some undesirable changes in the quality attributes and ...nutritional value of food. Non-thermal storage processes, on the other hand, have a negligible effect on the sensory consistency and nutritional status of food. Food preservation has used food with non-thermal methods with the aim of preserving the nutritious properties and physic-chemical features of foods. In this respect, the pulsed electrical field offers an alternate option for different food items, in particular liquid food products, in order to improve the protection and maintenance of new, consistent aspects of food. Similarly, this study emphasizes the promise of pulsed electric field technology as a useful method for preserving a variety of foods, with a focus on microbial inactivation. The key goal of this research is to find out how widely nonthermal FP equipment is used. Innovative technology can be able to help strike the right balance between protection and minimum processing, as well as sufficient economic constraints and superior efficiency.
Abstract Food processing (FP) industries are dominated by thermal inputs for food preservation. Such treatments can, however, contribute to some undesirable changes in the quality attributes and ...nutritional value of food. Non-thermal storage processes, on the other hand, have a negligible effect on the sensory consistency and nutritional status of food. Food preservation has used food with non-thermal methods with the aim of preserving the nutritious properties and physic-chemical features of foods. In this respect, the pulsed electrical field offers an alternate option for different food items, in particular liquid food products, in order to improve the protection and maintenance of new, consistent aspects of food. Similarly, this study emphasizes the promise of pulsed electric field technology as a useful method for preserving a variety of foods, with a focus on microbial inactivation. The key goal of this research is to find out how widely nonthermal FP equipment is used. Innovative technology can be able to help strike the right balance between protection and minimum processing, as well as sufficient economic constraints and superior efficiency.
Nutritional and Biological Properties of Chickpea Kenijz, Nadezhda; Dautova, Assel; Fedoseeva, Natalya ...
ALKHAS The Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biological Sciences,
10/2023
Journal Article
Highly active antiretroviral therapy has greatly reduced the morbidity and mortality of AIDS. However, many of the antiretroviral drugs are toxic with long-term use, and all currently used anti-HIV ...agents generate drug-resistant mutants. Therefore, there is a great need for new approaches to AIDS therapy. RNAi is a powerful means of inhibiting HIV-1 production in human cells. We propose to use RNAi for gene therapy of HIV/AIDS. Previously we identified a number of new biologically active siRNAs targeting several moderately conserved regions in HIV-1 transcripts. Here we analyze the heterogeneity of nucleotide sequences in three RNAi targets in sequences encoding the reverse transcriptase and integrase domains of current isolates of HIV-1 subtype A in Russia. These data were used to generate genetic constructs expressing short hairpin RNAs 28–30-bp in length that could be processed in cells into siRNAs. After transfection of the constructs we observed siRNAs that efficiently attacked the selected targets. We expect that targeting several viral genes important for HIV-1 reproduction will help overcome the problem of viral adaptation and will prevent the appearance of RNAi escape mutants in current virus strains, an important feature of gene therapy of HIV/AIDS.
•The nucleotide sequences in three RNAi targets of HIV-1 subtype A were determined.•The targets represent a rather homogeneous population of viruses.•The perfectly matching siRNAs efficiently attack the targets in HIV-1 subtype A.
Characterization of mterf13 mutant Arabidopsis plants showed the possible participation of the mTERF13 in the modulation of genetic processes in mitochondria and chloroplasts of Arabidopsis. ...Moreover, according to data obtained, this gene can encode a potential mitochondrial transcription factor. Mutation of the studied gene through retrograde regulation can also lead to a change in the expression of nuclear genes encoding components of the alternative respiratory pathway.
Any method for silencing the activity of the HIV-1 retrovirus should tackle the extremely high variability of HIV-1 sequences and mutational escape. We studied sequence variability in the vicinity of ...selected RNA interference (RNAi) targets from isolates of HIV-1 subtype A in Russia, and we propose that using artificial RNAi is a potential alternative to traditional antiretroviral therapy. We prove that using multiple RNAi targets overcomes the variability in HIV-1 isolates. The optimal number of targets critically depends on the conservation of the target sequences. The total number of targets that are conserved with a probability of 0.7-0.8 should exceed at least 2. Combining deep sequencing and multitarget RNAi may provide an efficient approach to cure HIV/AIDS.
PDF
