Aim
This study aims to examine factors related to the job satisfaction of triaging nurses and their professional capability in the clinical setting.
Background
Triage is a complex process that relies ...on making decisions in favour of the patient and his treatment. The professional capability of a triaging nurse is an important psychological construct of job satisfaction.
Methods
The study used a mixed‐method methodology, with data collection based on an explanatory research design. The research instrument in the quantitative part was a survey questionnaire, and in the qualitative part, a semi‐structured interview. The results were integrated using the ‘Pillar Integration Process’.
Results
There are significant relationships between professional capability and job satisfaction. Six main topics were exposed: characteristics and traits, work organization, safety is the key, burdening circumstances, capability and self‐evaluation.
Conclusion
Professional capability is associated with job satisfaction. The necessary managerial changes should be made to achieve job satisfaction and develop professional competence while focusing on already trained and competent triage nurses, as satisfied triage nurses will stay longer in the institution.
Implications for Nursing Management
The manager's job is to be aware of the level of job satisfaction, take care to develop their employee's professional capability and take action in case of disrupted balance.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and practice of intramuscular injection among nurses and nursing assistants in primary healthcare.
Background: Evidence-based guidelines ...recommend the use of the ventrogluteal site for intramuscular injection; however, it remains infrequently utilised by nurses.
Study design and methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 200 nurses and nursing assistants employed in one of the largest healthcare centres on the primary healthcare level in Slovenia. The data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The majority of the participants (88.5%) prefer to use the dorsogluteal site for intramuscular injections, while the ventrogluteal site is commonly used only by 7.5% of the respondents. Participants avoid the ventrogluteal site because of not being used to it (30.5%), unfamiliarity (27.0%), lack of adequate knowledge (19.5%), fear of harming the patient (8.5%), and not knowing how to determine the site (10.3%).
Conclusion: Nursing staffs knowledge and use of ventrogluteal site for intramuscular injection is limited and are using traditional methods instead of current evidence-based guidelines.
Implications: Improvements are needed in nursing education and continuous training. The nurse administrators in clinical practice should increase awareness of the benefits of using evidencebased practice and re-evaluate how the nursing professionals provide the administration of intramuscular injections and the need for additional education. The education and training about intramuscular injections should be implemented regularly in daily clinical practice of nursing professionals for promoting the safest practice for patients.
What is already known about the topic?
- The administration of intramuscular injections is a commonly performed nursing intervention in clinical practice.
- The technique for delivering intramuscular injection is associated with potential safety risks for the patient when it is not done according to evidencebased guidelines and safe practices.
- The use of ventrogluteal muscle has been recommended in nursing literature for many years now, but nurses still use it infrequently and prefer to use the dorsogluteal site.
What this paper adds:
- Despite being both legally permitted to administer intramuscular injection, nurses and nursing assistants demonstrated different levels of knowledge and the use of evidence-based recommendations about intramuscular injection administration.
- Nurses avoid using the ventrogluteal side due to lack of knowledge and skills.
- Stronger emphasis on raising awareness about the importance of using evidence-based practices during nursing education and continuous training is needed.
Aims
Prevalence of mental disorders in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not well defined; however, their presence could interfere with effective glucose self-management. Therefore, ...we aimed to assess the incidence of depression and anxiety symptoms in women with GDM in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy and their impact on glycemic control.
Methods
We included consecutive women undergoing the GDM screening test at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana. Women with GDM (
n
= 77) and women without GDM (
n
= 103) completed questionnaires on depression and anxiety symptomatology, health locus of control and social support.
Results
The incidence of depression symptoms in the 2nd trimester is higher in women with GDM (23.4%) than in women without GDM (10.7%;
p
= 0.022; OR = 2.6). The incidence of depression and anxiety symptomatology did not change significantly from 2nd to 3rd trimester within both groups; however, an increase in the average severity of depression symptomatology was observed. Glycemic control was negatively associated with the external health locus of control.
Conclusions
Our results highlight the need for depression screening early on during pregnancy, especially in women with GDM. Timely psychological support may contribute to better GDM management and possibly prevent negative pregnancy outcomes.
Background
Triage is a dynamic environment in which large numbers of people can present. It presents a vulnerable assessment point, as a triage nurse must assess a patient's urgency level and analyse ...their health status and expected resource needs. Given the critical nature of triage, it is necessary to understand the factors contributing to patient safety.
Objectives
To identify and examine the factors contributing to patient safety during the triage process.
Methods
A systematic review of the literature was undertaken, and a thematic analysis of the factors contributing to patient safety during the triage process. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Sciences, Science Direct, SAGE, EMBASE and reference lists of relevant studies published in English until March 2022 were searched for relevant studies. The search protocol has been registered at the PROSPERO (CRD42019146616), and the review was conducted using the PRISMA criteria.
Results
Out of 5366 records, we included 11 papers for thematic synthesis. Identified factors contributing to patient safety in triage are related to the emergency's work environment, such as patient assessment, high workload, frequent interruptions and staffing, and personal factors such as nurse traits, experience, knowledge, triage fatigue and work schedule.
Conclusions
This review shows that patient safety is influenced by the attitude, capabilities and experiences of triage nurses, the time when nurses can dedicate themselves to the patient and triage the patient without disruption. It is necessary to raise awareness among nursing administrators and healthcare professionals to provide a safe triage environment for patients.
Relevance to Clinical Practice
This review highlights the evidence on the factors contributing to patient safety in the triage process. Further research is needed for this cohort of triage nurses in the emergency department concerning ensuring patient safety.
Patient or Public Contribution
No patient or public contribution was required to design or undertake this review.
The aim of this study, which combines a qualitative and a quantitative approach, was to investigate by which standards Slovenian parents of preschool children define a high-quality children’s ...programme that can be watched on different screens. In addition, we were interested in parents’ views on the risks and benefits that programmes designed for children bring to the child’s early development and learning. The sample included 239 parents of children aged 1 to 6 years. The results show that, on average, children were exposed to screens at the age of two, but individual differences in both the age of first exposure and the frequency of exposure to screen content were substantial. Parents mostly used restrictive mediation to regulate their children’s screen exposure. Overall, parents attached great importance to the different aspects of quality children’s programme and rated aesthetic quality, entertainment and involvement as three very important elements. The standards by which they judged the quality of children’s programme were related to their education and the age of the child. They emphasised the positive effects of children’s programmes on the child’s emotional and language development, imagination and creativity, as well as on the development of social skills and play. On the other hand, the parents were most concerned about violent content, the modelling of inappropriate behaviour and the choice of words in children’s programmes.
The aim of this study was to examine gender stereotyping by pre-school children in selecting a picture book cover and assigning gender to animal characters in illustrations. We aimed to explore which ...gender children would assign to bear characters, when these are portrayed in different more or less gender stereotyped activities, occupations or emotional states. Furthermore, we analysed the criteria on which the children based their decision. The sample included 71 children aged 5-6 years. The findings showed that children's selection of their favourite cover was consistent with gender stereotypes; most children picked the cover stereotypical of their gender. Similarly, the children's assigning of gender to bear characters was consistent with gender stereotypes as well. The criteria they used when determining gender of a bear character could be categorized into three broader categories referring to the appearance of the bears; colours used and gender roles present in child's environment.
Daylong recordings provide an ecologically valid option for analyzing language input, and have become a central method for studying child language development. However, the vast majority of this work ...has been conducted in North America. We harnessed a unique collection of daylong recordings from Slovenian infants (age: 16–30 months, N = 40, 18 girls), and focus our attention on manually annotated measures of parentese (infant‐directed speech with a higher pitch, slower tempo, and exaggerated intonation), conversational turns, infant words, and word combinations. Measures from daylong recordings showed large variation, but were comparable to previous studies with North American samples. Infants heard almost twice as much speech and parentese from mothers compared to fathers, but there were no differences in language input to boys and girls. Positive associations were found between the social‐interactional features of language input (parentese, turn‐taking) and infants' concurrent language production. Measures of child speech from daylong recordings were positively correlated with measures obtained through the Slovenian MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventory. These results support the notion that the social‐interactional features of parental language input are the foundation of infants' language skills, even in an environment where infants spend much of their waking hours in childcare settings, as they do in Slovenia.
In the present study, we analysed the relations among the quality of mother-child shared reading, child's storytelling and family literacy environment. The sample included 20 mother-child dyads, with ...5-year-old children, who were recorded during shared reading. The quality of shared reading was assessed with the Scale for Observing Shared Reading while children's storytelling was assessed with the textless book Frog Goes to Dinner. We found that the quality of mother-child shared reading was related to the coherence of children's stories and to the factors of home literacy environment. Child's age when parents started reading to him, the number of all books and children's books in child's home together explained 43.1% of the variance in the quality of shared reading. The findings give an insight into the process of the quality of the interactive reading between a child and an adult and emphasize the importance of shared reading for child's storytelling.
Child gender has been proved to affect toddlers'/children's language development in several studies, but its effect was not found to be stable across different ages or various aspects of language ...ability. The effect of gender on toddler's, children's and adolescents' language ability was examined in the present meta-analysis of ten Slovenian studies (nine cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study). The ten studies were published between 2004 and 2016 and included a total of 3,657 toddlers, children and adolescents, aged from 8 months to 15 years. The language outcome measures refer to different aspects of language ability, including vocabulary, mean length of utterance, sentence complexity, language expression and comprehension, storytelling ability and metalinguistic awareness. Across the studies, language ability was assessed using different approaches and instruments, most of which were standardised on samples of Slovenianspeaking children. Based on the reported arithmetic means and standard deviations, the effect sizes of gender for each of the included studies were calculated, as well as the average effect size of gender across the different studies. The findings of the meta-analysis showed that the effect size of gender on toddlers'/children's/adolescents' language largely depended on their age and the aspect of language measured. The effect sizes increased with children's increasing age. All significant effects proved to be in favour of girls. The findings were interpreted in relation to the characteristics of language development and social cultural factors that can contribute to gender differences in language ability. (DIPF/Orig.).
Abstract Background Triage is a dynamic process prioritising the patient coming to the emergency department. Caring behaviour and patient safety during the triage process are essential for ensuring a ...good care experience and treatment outcome. Objective To describe triage nurses’ perceptions on caring behaviors and patient safety in the triage area. Design Strauss and Corbin’s Grounded theory method was used to develop the model. Methods The study was conducted in the emergency department in northeastern Slovenia. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and 19 triage nurses were selected by theoretical sampling, guided by emerging categories between November 2021 and July 2022. The data analysis was conducted according to Strauss and Corbin’s coding framework. Results The analysis of the interviews generated one category: The process of creating a caring and safe triage encounter for the patient, together with two categories that explain the key phenomenon: (1) Triage caring and (2) Safety in the triage process. Within the category “Triage caring”, four subcategories were developed: (1) Assurance of triage nurses’ presence, (2) Connectedness, (3) Respectful attitude, and (4) Knowledge and skills. The category Safety in the triage process consists of three identified subcategories: (1) Conception and perception of safety, (2) Factors influencing patient safety, and (3) Improving the triage safety. Conclusions The triage nurses’ perceptions about caring for the patient and his safety in the triage area show that caring and safety are inseparably linked and coincide when triaging a patient. Namely, caring for the patient means ensuring the patient’s safety at the same time. Implications for the nursing field A better understanding of the importance of triage nurses’ caring behavior and patient safety emerges from the findings, highlighting the challenges faced in a busy emergency department where nurses must balance providing care and responding to patients’ needs while ensuring safety. Findings in the study show that patient care and safety are inseparably linked and coincide when triaging a patient. Moreover, applying caring behaviour during triage encounter results in greater patient safety. No patient or public contribution The study’s design, evaluation of the findings, and execution did not need the involvement of patients or the general public. Participants were triage nurses working in the emergency department. Triage nurses were interviewed about their perceptions of triage nurses on caring behaviors and patient safety during triage encounter.
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