The linguistic diversity that cultural globalisation and population movements have installed in most traditional linguistic territories has put the ideology of the national language into a state of ...crisis and, as a consequence, has made the ancient, intrinsic diversity of all languages visible, offering new opportunities for dialects and varieties.
Treatment of colorectal cancer in the elderly Millan, Monica; Merino, Sandra; Caro, Aleidis ...
World journal of gastrointestinal oncology,
10/2015, Letnik:
7, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Colorectal cancer has a high incidence, and approxi-mately 60% of colorectal cancer patients are older than 70, with this incidence likely increasing in the near future. Elderly patients(> 70-75 ...years of age) are a very heterogeneous group, ranging from the very fit to the very frail. Traditionally, these patients have often been under-treated and recruited less frequently to clinical trials than younger patients, and thus are underrepresented in publications about cancer treatment. Recent studies suggest that fit elderly patients can be treated in the same way as their younger counterparts, but the treatment of frail patients with comorbidities is still a matter of controversy. Many factors should be taken into account, including fitness for treatment, the wishes of the patient and family, and quality of life. This review will focus on the existing evidence for surgical, oncologic, and palliative treatment in patients over 70 years old with colorectal cancer. Careful patient assessment is necessary in order to individualize treatment approach, and this should rely on a multidisciplinary process. More well-designed controlled trials are needed in this patient population.
Aquest treball proposa una aproximació a l’ús lingüístic de Joan Maragall i als criteris que podien regir-lo a partir de l’anàlisi d’un aspecte gramatical concret –els usos dels pronoms febles– en un ...text puntual –l’«Elogi de la paraula»–, i posa en relació la llengua de Maragall amb les orientacions i les idees lingüístiques, estrictament contemporànies, que el jove Pompeu Fabra començava a difondre i que constitueixen la base de la codificació moderna del català, una codificació que, precisament, ha interferit de forma notable la visió que els estudiosos han tingut tradicionalment de la llengua de Maragall.
S’intenta traçar una perspectiva general, a partir dels principals aspectes que hi prenen part, dels discursos sobre l’origen i l’aparició de la llengua catalana que s’han proposat d’ençà que hi ha ...hagut treballs de reflexió històrica sobre aquesta llengua. Sense pretendre l’exhaustivitat, se citen autors i obres sols amb la intenció d’il·lustrar els diferents posicionaments.
Constructing Languages Feliu, Francesc; Nadal, Josep Maria
2016, 2016-08-25, Letnik:
13
eBook
As language historians we believe that the subject of our study is neither natural languages nor idiolects which speakers have always been able to develop individually (loosely what Chomsky calls ...L-i), but rather the social constructions of reference shared by all speakers (basically what Chomsky terms as L-e ). In this context the language historian essentially studies how a public L-e is built such that it can be understood as the language of all (i.e. hiding L-i variations) and also how L-e succeed in replacing the primary reality of idiolects, even if only in the imagination. Writing represents a crucial turning point in language construction, because it made it possible to materialize the abstraction that, until then, related speakers could only guess and besides it comes into competition with individual languages. In modern centuries, the provision of grammars, dictionaries and other such learning tools and systematizing instruments strengthens the idea that, because of their normative character, languages can be learned through study. Mythical stories encourage the achievement of prescriptive rules and lead speakers to link emotions to their language. Therefore, the topics of reflection that we want to discuss in this volume are: Norms, Myths and Emotions related to language construction.
The Biblical Book of Daniel Ferrer Costa, Joan; Feliu, Francesc; Fullana, Olga
2018, 2018-11-12, Letnik:
19
eBook
Delcor (1919-1992) is responsible for a translation of the Book of Daniel, which is the only Catalan version of a book of the Bible produced by a North Catalan author to be included in Fundació ...Bíblica Catalana's 1968 Bible. This unique circumstance was the inspiration to recover this translation and publish it in a scientific edition collated with the original texts from which Delcor worked. The introduction situates this singular work in the context of the long history of biblical translations in Catalan and offers an exegetical approach to this work that tradition has transmitted in three languages of the ancient world: Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek. English equivalents of all of the texts have been added as a further point of comparison.
Questo lavoro si basa sull'idea che le lingue sono sempre il risultato di
un processo di elaborazione sociale che comporta, in primo luogo, la
costruzione e legittimazione di una certa ...rappresentazione della realtà linguistica (sempre molto più eterogenea da quello suggerito dalla
rappresentazione) e quindi l'accettazione di questa rappresentazione
dai parlanti come il loro linguaggio proprio e autentico. Per
raggiungere quest'ultimo obiettivo dovrebbe essere prodotto un
legame emotivo tra gli parlanti e la lingua rappresentata, a cui
contribuiscono potentemente le idee o miti che filologi e linguisti
(anche la loro precursora erudizione) hanno diffuso nei loro studi. In
qualche modo si potrebbe dire che non ci sarebbero lingue senza i
filologi; solo persone che parlano cose più o meno simili. Lo studio dei
miti che ha messo insieme la scienza linguistica dovrebbe essere
sviluppato perché offre molte possibilità di riflessione su ciò che essi
in realtà le lingue.
This work is based on the idea that languages are always the result of
a process of social elaboration that involves, first, the construction and
legitimation of a certain representation of linguistic reality (always
much more heterogeneous than suggested by the representation) and
then the acceptation of this representation by the speakers as their
own and authentic language. To achieve the latter objective should be
produced an emotional connection between the speakers and the
represented language, to which powerfully contribute ideas or myths
that philologists and linguists (also their precursory erudition) have
spread in their studies. Somehow we could say that there would be no
languages without the philologists, only people who speak more or
less similar things. The study of linguistics myths that put together the
linguistic cience should be developed because it offers many
possibilities for reflection about what they are actually languages.
This work is based on the idea that languages are always the result of a process of social elaboration that involves, first, the construction and legitimation of a certain representation of ...linguistic reality (always much more heterogeneous than suggested by the representation) and then the acceptation of this representation by the speakers as their own and authentic language. To achieve the latter objective should be produced an emotional connection between the speakers and the represented language, to which powerfully contribute ideas or myths that philologists and linguists (also their precursory erudition) have spread in their studies. Somehow we could say that there would be no languages without the philologists, only people who speak more or less similar things. The study of linguistics myths that put together the linguistic cience should be developed because it offers many possibilities for reflection about what they are actually languages
Questa ricerca fa parte del proietto Lengua, identidad y cohesion social: el paradigma de los territorios de frontera
linguistica (FFI2014-53589-C3-1-R) finanziato per il Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de
España
Les cartes de poblament d’època moderna, molt abundants al País Valencià sobretot com a conseqüència de les repoblacions que seguiren a l’expulsió dels moriscos (1609), no han estat gens estudiades ...fins ara des del punt de vista lingüístic, en bona mesura perquè fins fa pocs anys no disposàvem d’un repertori significatiu d’aquesta mena de documents. Es tracta de textos de registre jurídic que incidien molt directament en la vida d’una part important de la població —també, indirectament, en la idea que la gent pogués tenir de la llengua autòctona. Aquest treball intenta fer una primera aproximació a l’estudi de les cartes de poblament valencianes del segle XVII, valorant el grau de persistència de l’ús del valencià en aquest textos, i també dels models lingüístics tradicionals.
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