Limited permeability in solid tumors significantly restricts the anticancer efficacy of nanomedicines. Light‐driven nanomotors powered by photothermal converting engines are appealing carriers for ...directional drug delivery and simultaneous phototherapy. Nowadays, it is still a great challenge to construct metal‐free photothermal nanomotors for a programmable anticancer treatment. Herein, one kind of photoactivated organic nanomachines is reported with asymmetric geometry assembled by light‐to‐heat converting semiconducting polymer engine and macromolecular anticancer payload through a straightforward nanoprecipitation process. The NIR‐fueled polymer engine can be remotely controlled to power the nanomachines for light‐driven thermophoresis in the liquid media and simultaneously thermal ablating the cancer cells. The great manipulability of the nanomachines allows for programming of their self‐propulsion in the tumor microenvironment for effectively improving cellular uptake and tumor penetration of the anticancer payload. Taking the benefit from this behavior, a programmed treatment process is established at a low drug dose and a low photothermal temperature for significantly enhancing the antitumor efficacy.
Photoactivated organic nanomachines are powered by an NIR‐fueled organic semiconducting polymer engine for light‐driven traversing of physiological barriers in the tumor microenvironment. The great manipulability of the organic nanomachines allows precise programming of the antitumor treatment for significantly enhanced efficacy at a low drug dose and a low photothermal temperature.
ObjectivesHyperuricemia and obesity both play a role in the development of hypertension. However, limited evidence is available for the combined effect of hyperuricemia and obesity on the prevalence ...of hypertension in the Chinese population. We aimed to assess the separate and combined effects of these two risk factors on the risk of hypertension.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in an area of Dalian city, Liaoning Province, China, from September 2015 to November 2016; 8700 adult residents were invited to participate in this study. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid ≥ 416 μmol/L in men and ≥ 357 μmol/L in women according to the guidelines. Individuals were categorised into four groups: the control group (body mass index (BMI) §amp;lt; 25 without hyperuricemia, the reference group), the obesity group (BMI ≥ 25 without hyperuricemia), the hyperuricemia group (BMI §amp;lt; 25 with hyperuricemia) and the obese-hyperuricemia group (BMI ≥ 25 with hyperuricemia). A multivariable logistic model was used to investigate individual and combined effects of hyperuricemia and obesity on the risk of hypertension.ResultsOf the 8331 individuals included, 44.3% were obese, 13.6% suffered from hyperuricemia, and 7.8% were both obese and hyperuricemic. The hypertension prevalence was the highest in the obese-hyperuricemia group (55.5% (95% CI 51.6% to 59.2%)), followed by that in the obesity (44.3% (42.6% to 46.1%)) and that in the hyperuricemia groups (33.5% (29.5% to 37.9%)). After adjusting for confounders, the obese-hyperuricemia group had a nearly threefold increased risk of hypertension compared with their healthy counterparts (OR 2.98 (2.48 to 3.57)). This pattern was also observed in the obesity group with a higher risk of hypertension (OR 2.18 (1.96 to 2.42)) compared with the control group, whereas the risk of hypertension was not elevated significantly in the hyperuricemia group (OR 1.14 (0.92 to 1.42)).ConclusionOur study provided the first evidence that obese Chinese individuals with hyperuricemia had a significantly increased risk of hypertension compared with their healthy counterparts. This combined effect on the risk of hypertension is much stronger than the individual effect of either factor.
In the field of computational oncology, patient status is often assessed using radiology-genomics, which includes two key technologies and data, such as radiology and genomics. Recent advances in ...deep learning have facilitated the integration of radiology-genomics data, and even new omics data, significantly improving the robustness and accuracy of clinical predictions. These factors are driving artificial intelligence (AI) closer to practical clinical applications. In particular, deep learning models are crucial in identifying new radiology-genomics biomarkers and therapeutic targets, supported by explainable AI (xAI) methods. This review focuses on recent developments in deep learning for radiology-genomics integration, highlights current challenges, and outlines some research directions for multimodal integration and biomarker discovery of radiology-genomics or radiology-omics that are urgently needed in computational oncology.
Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is one of the highly challenging tasks in natural language processing. It extracts fine-grained sentiment information in user-generated reviews, as it aims at ...predicting the polarities towards predefined aspect categories or relevant entities in free text. Previous deep learning approaches usually rely on large-scale pre-trained language models and the attention mechanism, which applies the complete computed attention weights and does not place any restriction on the attention assignment. We argue that the original attention mechanism is not the ideal configuration for ABSA, as for most of the time only a small portion of terms are strongly related to the sentiment polarity of an aspect or entity. In this paper, we propose a masked attention mechanism customized for ABSA, with two different approaches to generate the mask. The first method sets an attention weight threshold that is determined by the maximum of all weights, and keeps only attention scores above the threshold. The second selects the top words with the highest weights. Both remove the lower score parts that are assumed to be less relevant to the aspect of focus. By ignoring part of input that is claimed irrelevant, a large proportion of input noise is removed, keeping the downstream model more focused and reducing calculation cost. Experiments on the Multi-Aspect Multi-Sentiment (MAMS) and SemEval-2014 datasets show significant improvements over state-of-the-art pre-trained language models with full attention, which displays the value of the masked attention mechanism. Recent work shows that simple self-attention in Transformer quickly degenerates to a rank-1 matrix, and masked attention may be another cure for that trend.
Autonomous exploration and mapping in unknown environments is a critical capability for robots. Existing exploration techniques (e.g., heuristic-based and learning-based methods) do not consider the ...regional legacy issues, i.e., the great impact of smaller unexplored regions on the whole exploration process, which results in a dramatic reduction in their later exploration efficiency. To this end, this paper proposes a Local-and-Global Strategy (LAGS) algorithm that combines a local exploration strategy with a global perception strategy, which considers and solves the regional legacy issues in the autonomous exploration process to improve exploration efficiency. Additionally, we further integrate Gaussian process regression (GPR), Bayesian optimization (BO) sampling, and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) models to efficiently explore unknown environments while ensuring the robot's safety. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method could explore unknown environments with shorter paths, higher efficiencies, and stronger adaptability on different unknown maps with different layouts and sizes.
Wide attention has been paid to named entity recognition (NER) in specific fields. Among the representative tasks are the aspect term extraction (ATE) in user online comments and the biomedical named ...entity recognition (BioNER) in medical documents. Existing methods only perform well in a particular field, and it is difficult to maintain an advantage in other fields. In this article, we propose a supervised learning method that can be used for much special domain NER tasks. The model consists of two parts, a multidimensional self-attention (MDSA) network and a CNN-based model. The multidimensional self-attention mechanism can calculate the importance of the context to the current word, select the relevance according to the importance, and complete the update of the word vector. This update mechanism allows the subsequent CNN model to have variable-length memory of sentence context. We conduct experiments on benchmark datasets of ATE and BioNER tasks. The results show that our model surpasses most baseline methods.
The mechanism of adhesive friction between viscoelastic materials is a key question. In this study, the friction process of the adhesive interface between a friction lining and a wire rope is ...dynamically observed in real time to analyze the adhesion hysteresis friction intuitively and quantitatively. The adhesion is determined by the state of motion, while the relative displacement of the wire rope and lining is used to find the magnitude of the adhesive friction. The hysteresis friction is reflected by the internal deformation of the lining. The magnitude of the hysteresis friction is determined by the displacement difference (Δ
x
) in the sliding direction of two marked points at different distances from the contact surface. The results show that the adhesion friction is proportional to the loss modulus and the hysteresis friction is proportional to the ratio of the loss modulus to the square of the storage modulus (
E
″/(
E
′
2
)). The frictional vibration first decreases and then increases with the increase in pressure. The K25 lining has the highest adhesion hysteresis friction and minimal frictional vibration. The result provides a simple and intuitive method for research into the friction transmission and vibration of viscoelastic materials.
Abstract
Substrate uptake and product export are important for microbial growth and product synthesis. Here, the glycerol uptake facilitator (GlpF) and the members of the resistance-nodulation-cell ...division (RND) type efflux system were overexpressed in Klebsiella pneumoniae to promote 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) production. Overexpression of the endogenous K. pneumoniae GlpF improved glycerol dehydratase (GDHt) activity and promoted 1,3-PDO titer from 55.6 to 65.1 g/l. RND members AcrA and the AcrE had no impact on 1,3-PDO production. RND members AcrF and the TolC increased 1,3-PDO titer from 55.6 to 68.4 g/l and 65.4 g/l, respectively. MexB significantly decreased GDHt activity and 1,3-PDO titer. Notably, MexF dramatically enhanced GDHt activity and promoted 1,3-PDO titer and glycerol conversion rate to 74.0 g/l and 0.62 mol/mol, respectively. However, coexpression of the endogenous GlpF and MexF did not further improve 1,3-PDO production. The results present here provided novel information about the applications of the uptake of glycerol and the efflux of 1,3-PDO.
The glycerol uptake facilitator (GlpF) and the members of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) type efflux system were overexpressed in Klebsiella pneumoniae to promote 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) production.
Abstract
Background
Because the patients undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLr) combined with medial tibial tubercle transfer (TTT) procedure are usually young and active, ...the quality of life (QoL) is also an important prognostic factor for patients with recurrent patellar dislocation. Assessing QoL can provide more useful and accurate evidence for the effects of this procedure. This study aimed to evaluate QoL following MPFLr combined with TTT, compared with isolated MPFLr (iMPFLr).
Methods
Fifty-one patients who underwent iMPFLr + TTT and 48 patients who underwent iMPFLr were included. Clinical evaluation included QoL (EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D VAS), functional outcomes (Kujala, Lysholm and Tegner activity scores), physical examinations (patellar apprehension test and range of motion) and redislocation rates. Radiological evaluation included patellar tilt angle and bisect offset. These preoperative and postoperative results were compared between groups at baseline and the final follow-up. The paired and independent
t
tests were used for the data following a normal distribution. Otherwise, the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney
U
tests were used to analyze the differences. Categorical variables were compared by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.
Results
All of the QoL (EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D VAS), clinical results and radiological outcomes significantly improved in both groups at the final follow-up, with no significant differences between groups. There was no significant difference in five dimensions of EQ-5D at the final follow-up, although percentages of people with problems of mobility and pain/discomfort were higher in the MPFLr + TTT group. Female patients had lower EQ-5D index and EQ-5D VAS compared with male patients in both groups at the final follow-up, but there was only a significant difference in the EQ-5D VAS.
Conclusions
Both MPFLr + TTT and iMPFLr groups obtained similar and satisfactory improvements in the QoL, clinical results and radiological outcomes, indicating that MPFLr combined with TTT is a safe and effective procedure, which can significantly improve the QoL for patients with recurrent patellar dislocation in cases of pathologically lateralized TT. However, female patients obtained lower QoL than males.
Nb 3 Sn is now recognized as the practical material for the high-field applications from 10 to 16 T, for particle accelerators, fusion and other related fields. However, the obtaining of high J c in ...Nb 3 Sn presently contradicts one of the most important stability criteria: to keep a small filament size, which makes the stability issue particularly prominent. Large filament sizes frequently cause flux jumps in the conductor, making quench detection and protection more challenging for Nb 3 Sn magnets. In this work, we try to numerically simulate the flux jumps more accurately down to a filamentary scale. Based on the theory of superconducting dynamics, we have established a theoretical model to describe the magnetothermal instability of Nb 3 Sn wires by considering the superconductor flux dynamics, heat diffusion and temperature response. The preliminary analysis of the test results for LPF3 which is a 16-T hybrid common coil dipole magnet fabricated by Institute of High Energy Physics is conducted to study the causes of its quenching and the impact of flux jumps on the magnet.
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