In this study, we evaluated a new biopesticide containing different combinations of
Photorhabdus luminescens
(ATCC 29,999; Pl) and
Bacillus thuringiensis
subsp.
aizawai
(Bt) to leverage their ...insecticidal activity against
Plutella xylostella
. Mixtures containing proteins of various sizes were assayed to determine which combination of the two bacteria would yield the maximum insecticidal activity. A histopathologic slide revealed vacuole formations and rifts near the apical membrane (a symptom of Bt) and severe thinning of the intestinal wall (a symptom of Pl). When the two bacteria were cultured separately and then mixed, the insecticidal activity of the treatment reached 83.33% ± 8.82%. The insecticidal activity was elevated and significantly accelerated when Bt was mixed with both the Pl supernatant and the isolated protein with a molecular mass
≥
100 kDa of Pl. These results highlight the potential of Pl as a potent bioinsecticide to economically and sustainably control
Pl. xylostella
and other lepidopteran pests.
Key points
• Growth inhibition by Bacillus thuringiensis exerted a significant effect on insecticidal activity.
• Large Photorhabdus luminescens proteins can accelerate the synergistic insecticidal effect on Plutella xylostella.
Graphical abstract
The Yuan Qinghua porcelain produced in the city of Jingdezhen, in China, mainly includes the gaudy blue type, a blue–grey or grey‐coloured type and the type featuring a blue colour with a slight ...amount of grey. For a long time, only the gaudy blue type was focused on and discussed, while the other two types, which contain equally important information with regard to recovering the manufacturing technology of Yuan Qinghua, were always ignored by scientific researchers. In this paper, by using micro X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ‐XRF), spectrophotometry and optical microscopy, all three different types of Yuan Qinghua porcelain are analysed systemically and, based on the analyses of the body, the glaze and the blue decoration, the differences in the materials and the manufacturing technologies of the three different types are discussed. This not only provides a good basis for the reconstruction of the whole picture of the manufacturing process of Yuan Qinghua porcelains in Jingdezhen, but also contributes to database‐building for the identification of Qinghua porcelain.
Abstract
We report the discovery of an ultrahigh-energy (UHE) gamma-ray source, LHAASO J2108+5157, by analyzing the LHAASO-KM2A data of 308.33 live days. A significant excess of gamma ray–induced ...showers is observed in both energy bands of 25−100 and >100 TeV with 9.5
σ
and 8.5
σ
, respectively. This source is not significantly favored as an extended source with an angular extension smaller than the point-spread function of KM2A. The measured energy spectrum from 20 to 200 TeV can be approximately described by a power-law function with an index of −2.83 ± 0.18
stat
. A harder spectrum is demanded at lower energies considering the flux upper limit set by Fermi-LAT observations. The position of the gamma-ray emission is correlated with a giant molecular cloud, which favors a hadronic origin. No obvious counterparts have been found, and deeper multiwavelength observations will help to cast new light on this intriguing UHE source.
The Nb and Nb/Ni interlayers were designed for the diffusion bonding of the hydrogenated TC4 alloy and GH3128 superalloy joint. Typical microstructure of the TC4-0.3 H/Nb(Ni/Nb)/GH3128 joints were ...investigated. The effects of holding temperatures and durations on the microstructure evolution of the hydrogenated TC4/GH3128 joints were investigated. The addition of a Nb interlayer can successfully suppress the brittle Ti-Ni phase formation and the maximum joint strength reached 245 MPa bonded at 860 ℃/60 min under 10 MPa. The design of the Nb/Ni interlayer successfully eliminated the unbonded voids and the Ni-Cr layer formed when bonding with a single Nb interlayer. The maximum shear strength of ˜270 MPa was achieved when bonding at 860 ℃ for 80 min under 10 MPa. Fracture mechanism of the hydrogenated TC4/GH3128 joints bonded with two interlayers were analyzed finally.
Potassium (K+) channels have been implicated in proliferation of some tumor cells. However, whether K+ channels are important to the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (EC) remains unknown. In the ...present study, we report that intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (IKCa1) channels play a critical role in the development of EC. The expression of IKCa1 at both mRNA and protein levels in EC tissues was greatly increased than that in atypical hyperplasia and normal tissues. Treatment of EC cells with clotrimazole and TRAM-34, two agents known to inhibit IKCa1 channels, suppressed the proliferation of EC cells and blocked EC cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Similarly, downregulation of IKCa1 by siRNA against IKCa1 inhibited EC cell proliferation and arrested its cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. A clotrimazole-sensitive K+ current was induced in EC cells in response to the increased Ca2+. The current density induced by Ca2+ was greatly reduced by clotrimazole, TRAM-34, charybdotoxin or downregulation of IKCa1 by the siRNA against IKCa1. Furthermore, TRAM-34 and clotrimazole slowed the formation in nude mice of tumor generated by injection of EC cells. Our results suggest that increased activity of IKCa1 channel is necessary for the development of EC. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor (FLT3-ITDs) confer a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We hypothesized that increased recruitment of the ...protein tyrosine phosphatase, Shp2, to FLT3-ITDs contributes to FLT3 ligand (FL)-independent hyperproliferation and STAT5 activation. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated constitutive association of Shp2 with the FLT3-ITD, N51-FLT3, as well as with STAT5. Knockdown of Shp2 in Baf3/N51-FLT3 cells significantly reduced proliferation while having little effect on WT-FLT3-expressing cells. Consistently, mutation of N51-FLT3 tyrosine 599 to phenylalanine or genetic disruption of Shp2 in N51-FLT3-expressing bone marrow low-density mononuclear cells reduced proliferation and STAT5 activation. In transplants, genetic disruption of Shp2 in vivo yielded increased latency to and reduced severity of FLT3-ITD-induced malignancy. Mechanistically, Shp2 co-localizes with nuclear phospho-STAT5, is present at functional interferon-γ activation sites (GAS) within the BCL2L1 promoter, and positively activates the human BCL2L1 promoter, suggesting that Shp2 works with STAT5 to promote pro-leukemogenic gene expression. Further, using a small molecule Shp2 inhibitor, the proliferation of N51-FLT3-expressing bone marrow progenitors and primary AML samples was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that Shp2 positively contributes to FLT3-ITD-induced leukemia and suggest that Shp2 inhibition may provide a novel therapeutic approach to AML.
Using ( 10.087 ± 0.044 ) × 10 9 J / ψ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the processes Λ p → Λ p and Λ ¯ p → Λ ¯ p are studied, where the Λ / Λ ¯ baryons are ...produced in the process J / ψ → Λ Λ ¯ and the protons are the hydrogen nuclei in the cooling oil of the beam pipe. Clear signals are observed for the two reactions. The cross sections in − 0.9 ≤ cos θ Λ / Λ ¯ ≤ 0.9 are measured to be σ ( Λ p → Λ p ) = ( 12.2 ± 1.6 stat ± 1.1 syst ) and σ ( Λ ¯ p → Λ ¯ p ) = ( 17.5 ± 2.1 stat ± 1.6 syst ) mb at the Λ / Λ ¯ momentum of 1.074 GeV / c within a range of ± 0.017 GeV / c , where the θ Λ / Λ ¯ are the scattering angles of the Λ / Λ ¯ in the Λ p / Λ ¯ p rest frames. Furthermore, the differential cross sections of the two reactions are also measured, where there is a slight tendency of forward scattering for Λ p → Λ p , and a strong forward peak for Λ ¯ p → Λ ¯ p . We present an approach to extract the total elastic cross sections by extrapolation. The study of Λ ¯ p → Λ ¯ p represents the first study of antihyperon-nucleon scattering, and these new measurements will serve as important inputs for the theoretical understanding of the (anti)hyperon-nucleon interaction. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Mg–Al–Zn casting was subjected to friction stir processing (FSP) and subsequent aging. FSP resulted in significant breakup and dissolution of the coarse, network-like eutectic β-Mg
17Al
12 phase ...distributed at the grain boundaries and remarkable grain refinement, thereby improving significantly the tensile properties of the casting. The FSP Mg–Al–Zn sample exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 337
MPa and an elongation of 10%. FSP combined with aging is a simple and effective approach to enhance the mechanical properties of Mg–Al–Zn casting.
Abstract
Due to the advantages of rich frequency band, security and confidentiality, visible light communication technology is gradually regarded as an effective solution to the exhaustion of radio ...frequency(RF) spectrum resources. This paper designs a channel dedicated unslotted CSMA/CA algorithm, and analyzes the impact of collision probability, retransmission times, access failure probability, and normalized throughput on the network performance when transmitting non-real-time traffic. The results show that the collision probability is inversely proportional to the terminal payload packet arrival rate
λ
, as the number of terminals increases, the saturation collision probability of
λ
=1 is 0.501 and
λ
=2 is 0.382, The access failure probability increases nonlinearly with the increasing terminals numbers, but when the number of terminals exceeds 5, the access failure probability increases sharply, the normalized throughput decreases continuously and tends to saturate when the total channel traffic reaches the physical limit of bandwidth.
Classification-based global emissivity is needed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (NASA EOS/MODIS) satellite ...instrument land surface temperature (LST) algorithm. It is also useful for Landsat, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and other thermal infrared instruments and studies. For our approach, a pixel is classified as one of fourteen 'emissivity classes' based on the conventional land cover classification and dynamic and seasonal factors, such as snow cover and vegetation index. The emissivity models we present provide a range of values for each emissivity class by combining various spectral component measurements with structural factors. Emissivity statistics are reported for the EOS/MODIS channels 31 and 32, which are the channels that will be used in the LST split-window algorithm.
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