There is growing evidence from in vitro studies that subgroup B adenoviruses (Ad) can overcome the limitations in safety and tumor transduction efficiency seen with commonly used subgroup C serotype ...5-based vectors. In this study, we confirm that the expression level of the B-group Ad receptor, CD46, correlates with the grade of malignancy of cervical cancer in situ. We also demonstrate the in vivo properties of Ad5-based vectors that contain the B-group Ad serotype 35 fiber (Ad5/35) in transgenic mice that express CD46 in a pattern and at a level similar to humans. Upon intravenous and intraperitoneal injection, an Ad5/35 vector did not efficiently transduce normal tissue, but was able to target metastatic or intraperitoneal tumors that express CD46 at levels comparable to human tumors. When an oncolytic Ad5/35-based vector was employed, in both tumor models antitumor effects were observed. Furthermore, injection of Ad5/35 vectors into CD46 transgenic mice caused less innate toxicity than Ad5 vectors. Our data demonstrate that Ad vectors that target CD46 offer advantages over Ad5-based vectors for treatment of cancer.
A gum was extracted from the leaves of Liangfen Cao (Mesona Blumes), the extraction yield was 29.36%. The crude gum contains 9.74% protein, 30.89% ash, 2.98% crude fibre and 42.19% total sugar (w/w). ...Monosaccharide components of the gum were mainly galactose, glucose, arabinose and uronic acid with mole ratios of 3.1:2.3:2.3:1.4, respectively. Minerals in the ash were mainly 40.26mg/g sodium, 10.57mg/g potassium, 1.42mg/g magnesium and 2.81mg/g calcium. Molecular weight of the two fractions of the gum were 16,264 and 7,372 Da, respectively. The intrinsic viscosity of the gum was 91.01 mL/g in distilled water at 25°C. Its rheological properties were dependent on shear rate, gum concentration, sugar, temperature, pH, and salt. The gum exhibited pseudoplastic behaviour with shear rate increment. The apparent viscosity increased with the increase of the gum concentration, also increased with the sugar addition and varied according to pH, the highest viscosity was reached at pH 10.0 and the lowest at pH 6.0. Decrease of apparent viscosity was observed with increase of temperature. The activation energy of 10% (w/w) gum was 17.58kJ/mol. The apparent viscosity decreased with Na+ addition and also with the addition of Ca++<1%, while it increased with the addition of Ca++> 1% (w/w).
The mechanical properties and chemical bonding features of W–C binary compounds (h-WC, o-W2C, h-W2C and t-W2C) were studied by density functional theory (DFT). It is shown that they are ...thermodynamically stable identified by the cohesive energy and formation enthalpy of W–C binary compounds. The elastic constants were calculated using the stress–strain method. The Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation was used to evaluate the moduli. The surface constructions of bulk and Young's moduli were applied to illustrate the mechanical anisotropy. The population analysis of W–C binary compounds was used to discuss the chemical bonding, which indicate the combinations of covalent and metallic bonds in these compounds. Moreover, the anisotropic properties of sound velocities for W–C binary compounds were explored.
Species richness, spore density, frequency of occurrence, and relative abundance of AM fungi were determined in rhizosphere soil samples from nine tropical rainforest sites on Hainan island, south ...China, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status of members of the Meliaceae was examined. All 28 plant taxa investigated (25 species including two varieties of 1 species and three varieties of another) were colonized by AM fungi. The mean proportion of root length colonized was 56% (range 10-95%). Vesicles were observed in 27 and hyphal coils in 26 of the 28 plant taxa. Mycorrhizas were of the Paris-type or intermediate-type, with no Arum-type mycorrhizas observed. Species richness of AM fungi varied from 3 to 15 and spore density from 46 to 1,499 per 100 g rhizosphere soil. Of 33 AM fungal taxa in five genera isolated and identified, 18 belonged to Glomus, 9 to Acaulospora, 1 to Entrophospora, 2 to Gigaspora, and 3 to Scutellospora. Acaulospora and Glomus were the dominant genera identified. Glomus claroideum was the taxon most commonly isolated, with a frequency of occurrence of 56.5% and relative abundance of 10.4%. A positive correlation was found between percentage of root length colonization and species richness. However, there was no correlation between spore density and percentage of root length colonized by AM fungi.
The Jiangquhai porcine lean strain (JQHPL) is a new pork meat-type strain that has been developed in recent years from the parent lines Duroc, Fengjing, and Jiangquhai pigs (DurocxFengjing ...pigxJiangquhai pig). Enzootic pneumonia (EP) in pigs induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is a chronic respiratory disease of pigs, generating high economic losses in the swine industry. Here, we investigated the degree of resistance to M. hyopneumoniae for the Jiangquhai porcine lean strain and the Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire (DLY) pigs, which are Western commercial pigs that have been introduced in China. A total of 209 DLY piglets and 221 JQHPL piglets from 19 Landrace x Yorkshire and 22 JQHPL M. hyopneumoniae positive gestating sows with different expected dates of confinement were selected and raised in the same M. hyopneumoniae positive farrowing barn. When the oldest suckling piglets were 37 days old, nasal swabs were collected from all the piglets (ranging from 4 to 37 days old) to detect the M. hyopneumoniae pathogen using n-PCR and M. hyopneumoniae specific SIgA using ELISA. Positive M. hyopneumoniae infection rates in both the strains increased with age; however, positive rates for JQHPL were lower compared to DLY at 14 to 35 days old. The level of the specific SIgA rose rapidly in JQHPL respiratory tracts, particularly in piglets 21 to 35 days in age compared to DLY piglets of the same age; however, the level of the specific SIgA in DLY also marginally increased. In conclusion, JQHPL pigs exhibits higher resistance to M. hyopneumoniae compared to DLY. It is possible that this characteristic is caused by the faster and stronger mucosal immunity phenotype of the JQHPL strain.
Using 6.32 fb-1 of e+e- collision data collected at the center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV with the BESIII detector, we perform an amplitude analysis of the decay D$^+_s$ → K+π+π- ...and determine the amplitudes of the various intermediate states. The absolute branching fraction of D$^+_s$ → K+π+π- is measured to be (6.11 ± 0.18stat. ± 0.11syst.) x 10-3. The branching fractions of the dominant intermediate processes D$^+_s$ → K+ρ0, ρ0 → π+π- and D$^+_s$ → K*(892)0π+, K*(892)0 → K+π- are determined to be (1.96 ± 0.19stat. ± 0.23syst.) x 10-3 and (1.85 ± 0.12stat. ± 0.13syst.) x 10-3, respectively. The intermediate resonances f0(500), f0(980), and f0(1370) are observed for the first time in this channel.
Small molecule modified antitumor drug conjugate nanoparticles have the advantages of high drug loading, simple synthesis and preparation, and better biocompatibility. Due to the large demand for ...exogenous α-linolenic acid (ALA) by tumor cells, we synthesized α-linolenic acid-paclitaxel conjugate (ALA-PTX) and prepared α-linolenic acid-paclitaxel conjugate nanoparticles (ALA-PTX NPs), in order to obtain better tumor cellular uptake and antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.
We synthesized and characterized ALA-PTX, and then prepared and characterized ALA-PTX NPs. The cellular uptake, uptake pathways, intracellular behavior, in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of ALA-PTX NPs were evaluated.
The size of ALA-PTX NPs was approximately 110.7±1.7 nm. The drug loading was approximately 90% (w/w) with CrEL-free and organic solvent-free characteristics. The cellular uptake of ALA-PTX NPs was significantly higher than that of PTX injection by MCF-7, MCF-7/ADR and HepG2 cells. In these three cell lines, the cellular uptake of ALA-PTX NPs at 6h was approximately 1.5-2.6 times higher than that of PTX injection. ALA-PTX NPs were ingested through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, then transferred to lysosomes, and could dissolve in cells to play an antitumor activity. The in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of ALA-PTX NPs was confirmed in MCF-7/ADR and HepG2 cell models and tumor-bearing nude mouse models.
ALA-PTX NPs developed in our study could provide a new method for the preparation of nano-delivery systems suitable for antitumor therapy that could increase tumor cellular uptake and enhance antitumor activity.
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