Several β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivatives have been synthesized recently to improve the physicochemical properties and inclusion capacities of the parent molecule, however, there is limited ...information available about their cytotoxic effects. In this study we investigated the cytotoxic and hemolytic properties of various β-CDs in correlation with their cholesterol-solubilizing capacities to expose the mechanism of toxicity. MTT cell viability test, performed on Caco-2 cells showed significant differences between the cytotoxicity of β-CD derivatives. Cell toxicity of methylated-β-CDs was the highest, while ionic derivatives proved to be less toxic than methylated ones. Most of the second generation β-CD derivatives, having both ionic and methyl substituents showed less cytotoxicity than the parent compounds both on Caco-2 cells and human erythrocytes. Inclusion of cholesterol into the ring of randomly methylated-β-CD and heptakis(2,6-di-
O-methyl)-β-CD abolished the cell toxicity indicating the role of cholesterol extraction in cytotoxicity. These data demonstrate the correlation between the cytotoxic effect, hemolytic activity and the cholesterol complexation attributes of β-CD derivatives and we propose that cholesterol-solubilizing properties can be a predictive factor for β-CD cell toxicity.
Cyclodextrin in starchy foods Fenyvesi, É.; Szente, L.
Acta alimentaria,
09/2021, Letnik:
50, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are widely used in various fields including food industry. In this review, their role in high carbohydrate-containing, starchy foods are reviewed and discussed. Both the ...effects as functional ingredients affecting the structural properties of starch and as active ingredients slowing down starch digestion and, as a consequence, decreasing the glycaemic index of starchy foods are overviewed without considering the traditional applications as carriers and stabilisers of aroma and flavour, essential oils, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and other bioactive components to enrich foods, even if they are carbohydrate foods. The effect on starch metabolism is explained by the structural transformations caused by cyclodextrins on starch amylose and amylopectin. Several examples are shown how the technological and sensorial properties of bread, rice products, pasta, and other starchy foods are modified by cyclodextrin supplementation, and how the digestibility is changed resulting in reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic effects.
Cyclodextrins are tasteless, odorless, nondigestible, noncaloric, noncariogenic saccharides, which reduce the digestion of carbohydrates and lipids. They have low glycemic index and decrease the ...glycemic index of the food. They are either non- or only partly digestible by the enzymes of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and fermented by the gut microflora. Based on these properties, cyclodextrins are dietary fibers useful for controlling the body weight and blood lipid profile. They are prebiotics, improve the intestinal microflora by selective proliferation of bifidobacteria. These antiobesity and anti-diabetic effects make them bioactive food supplements and nutraceuticals. In this review, these features are evaluated for α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins, which are the cyclodextrin variants approved by authorities for food applications. The mechanisms behind these effects are reviewed together with the applications as solubilizers, stabilizers of dietary lipids, such as unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, vitamins, flavonoids, carotenoids and other nutraceuticals. The recent applications of cyclodextrins for reducing unwanted components, such as trans-fats, allergens, mycotoxins, acrylamides, bitter compounds, as well as in smart active packaging of foods are also overviewed.
The effect of cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexes on the degradation of benzylpenicillin in aqueous solutions was investigated at several different pH values and 37 °C. The effects of neutral as ...well as both positively and negatively charged CDs were evaluated; all together 13
different CDs. Kinetic studies with HPβCD and RMβCD at pH ranging from 1.2 to 9.6 showed that CDs have stabilizing effect on the β-lactam ring in aqueous acidic media but generally accelerated the hydrolytic cleavage of the β-lactam ring in neutral and basic media. At physiologic
pH (pH 7.4) quaternary ammonium CD derivatives (i.e., positively charged CD derivatives) have the highest catalytic effect, resulting in 6- to 18-fold enhancement of hydrolysis rate, while both the neutral methylated CDs had much less effect, resulting in 2- to 3-fold enhancement, and the
negatively charged CD derivatives, resulting in only about 1.1- to 1.2-fold enhancement in the hydrolytic cleavage of the β-lactam ring. Addition of water-soluble polymers to the aqueous reaction media containing CDs was shown to decrease the catalyzing effects of CDs on the β-lactam
hydrolysis.
The release of alpha-tocopherol from two formulations (with and without complexation with beta-cyclodextrin) of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film was examined. Specific migration studies were ...performed at 7.0 ± 0.5°C using plastic bags filled with 95% ethanol as a fatty food simulant. The amount of complexed and free (non-complexed) alpha-tocopherol migrating into the food simulant was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was concluded that complexation with beta-cyclodextrin had a significant effect on the release rate of the antioxidant. Using a mathematical model for the description of the migration, a decrease in diffusion coefficient (D) of one order of magnitude was calculated in the case of complexed alpha-tocopherol compared with the free form. Total migration of alpha-tocopherol from both films was observed, meaning that the partition coefficient of tocopherol was not influenced by incorporation with cyclodextrin. Thus, complexation might be the key to a long-lasting antioxidative effect of such kind of active packaging.
Summary of the long term data taking, related to one of the proposed next generation ground-based gravitational detector’s location is presented here. Results of seismic and infrasound noise, ...electromagnetic attenuation and cosmic muon radiation measurements are reported in the underground Matra Gravitational and Geophysical Laboratory near Gyöngyösoroszi, Hungary. The collected seismic data of more than two years is evaluated from the point of view of the Einstein Telescope, a proposed third generation underground gravitational wave observatory. Applying our results for the site selection will significantly improve the signal to noise ratio of the multi-messenger astrophysics era, especially at the low frequency regime.
Cyclodextrins, especially random methylated βCD (RAMEB) and hydroxypropyl βCD (HPβCD), are becoming common enhancing additives in the bioremediation of soils formerly contaminated by hydrocarbons ...and/or other poorly bioavailable organic pollutants. Therefore, their degradation in the soil, particularly the most persistent RAMEB, has been of great concern. Like oil contaminants, these additives should be biodegradable via an environmentally safe technology. Hence, in this paper, the biodegradability of eight different cyclodextrins (CDs) in four different soils was examined under various treatment conditions in laboratory and pilot scale field experiments.
This paper is the first report on the potential biological fate of CDs studied under a large variety of environmental conditions and in different soil ecosystems. Data on the potential relationship between CD biodegradation and the biological removal of hydrocarbons in the CD-amended contaminated soils are also given.
All CDs were found to be more or less biodegradable; even the most persistent RAMEB was depleted from soils under favourable conditions. In the field experiments, the depletion of RAMEB to about 40% of its initial level was observed for a period of 2
years in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils of high organic matter and cell concentration.
Current interferometric gravitational-wave detectors are limited by quantum noise over a wide range of their measurement bandwidth. One method to overcome the quantum limit is the injection of ...squeezed vacuum states of light into the interferometer's dark port. Here, we report on the successful application of this quantum technology to improve the shot noise limited sensitivity of the Advanced Virgo gravitational-wave detector. A sensitivity enhancement of up to 3.2±0.1 dB beyond the shot noise limit is achieved. This nonclassical improvement corresponds to a 5%-8% increase of the binary neutron star horizon. The squeezing injection was fully automated and over the first 5 months of the third joint LIGO-Virgo observation run O3 squeezing was applied for more than 99% of the science time. During this period several gravitational-wave candidates have been recorded.
Rhodamine-labeled cyclodextrin derivatives Malanga, M.; Jicsinszky, L.; Fenyvesi, É.
Journal of drug delivery science and technology,
2012, Letnik:
22, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Four different rhodamine-labeled cyclodextrin-based derivatives were synthesized by coupling rhodamine B (Rho B) with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) or rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC) with βCD, randomly ...(2-hydroxy)propylated βCD (HPβCD) and randomly methylated-βCD (RAMEβ). The introduction of a single amino unit on the primary side of the cyclodextrin scaffolds allowed the coupling of the fluorophore through either a thioureido moiety or a simple amide bond.
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