Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on target and non-target arthropods are a concern of pest management programs. Cycloneda sanguinea, Orius insidiosus and Chauliognathus flavipes are ...important biological control agents for aphids, whitefly, lepidopterus eggs, thrips and mites. All three test species were subjected to a toxicity study using the insecticides acephate, bifenthrin, chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam. Experiments were done in the lab and field. In the laboratory we evaluated the mortality and sublethal effects of the concentration that killed 20% of the population (LC20) on feeding, repellence and reproduction of the species tested. The lethal effects of these insecticides at the recommended doses was evaluated in the field. Concentration-response bioassays indicated chlorantraniliprole had the lowest toxicity, while chlorpyrifos and acephate were the most toxic. Test species exposed to filter paper surfaces treated with pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and organophosphates were repelled. On the other hand, test species were not repelled from surfaces treated with chlorantraniliprole. Chlorantraniliprole therefore seemed to be the least dangerous insecticide for these three beneficial arthropod test species.
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•Safety of seven pesticides to the three beneficial insects was evaluated.•The chlorantraniliprole showed low lethal and sublethal effects to test-species.•Deltamethrin induced hormesis in Cycloneda sanguinea and Orius insidiosus.•The organophosphates and pyrethroids on predators IPM be evaluated with caution.
Cyantraniliprole was recently registered for controlling the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei, the main coffee pest in the world. In this study, baseline determination and resistance monitoring ...to cyantraniliprole were carried out in Brazilian populations of H. hampei. Evaluations were carried out for three years with representative field-collected populations from nine coffee-producing states in Brazil, using artificial diet containing the insecticide. The likelihood of control failure due to cyantraniliprole resistance was also determined. Populations from Campo do Meio, Linhares and Jaú were more susceptible (<2-fold resistance) to cyantraniliprole than populations from Patrocínio and Londrina (17-fold). Nonetheless, the frequency of cyantraniliprole resistance insects was low and not significant throughout the regions survey and the likelihood of control failure was negligible. Therefore, cyantraniliprole remains an important management tool against the coffee berry borer without current problems of control failure. However, enough field variation in susceptibility to cyantraniliprole exists justifying attention and careful management of this insecticide to prevent quick development of insecticide resistance in populations of this insect pest species.
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•Cyantraniliprole is a promising solution to the control of Hypothenemus hampei.•Ninety-seven H. hampei populations with significant coffee production were studied.•The susceptibility baseline of H. hampei populations to cyantraniliprole was uniform.•The likelihood of control failure was low for cyantranilipole.•Cyantraniliprole can be used in the management program of H. hampei.
The use of insecticides on a large scale and applied at the wrong time can increase the cost of potato production. Good agricultural pest management practices can reduce the number of insecticide ...applications and promote the sustainability of potato production in modern agriculture. Thus, the objective was to compare the costs and revenues of a pest management system that uses monitoring (IPM-integrated pest management) with a conventional system (calendar-based insecticide application) in the potato crop. Two experiments were carried out: experiment 1, carried out in the summer with the cultivars Ágata, Atlantic, and FLs 2027, 1867, 2215, and 2221, and experiment 2, carried out in autumn with the cultivar Ágata. The densities of sucking insects, defoliators, and natural enemies were evaluated and compared. In both experiments, treatments were based on pest monitoring (insecticide applications when reaching economic thresholds ETs) and a conventional system (calendar-based insecticide application). In experiment 2, a control group was also carried out without the use of insecticides. In experiment 1, with the use of pest monitoring, the number of sprays was reduced by 66.67%, pest control costs were decreased by 60.86%, and there was an increase of 8.97% in net income from potato production. Whilst in experiment 2, the number of sprays was reduced by 71.42%, pest control costs were decreased by 51.38%, and an increase of 12.75% in net revenue from potato production was observed. Thus, it is concluded that the application of insecticides when the pest population reaches the economic threshold (ET) reduces insecticide applications and costs and increases net income in the potato crop.
The objective of this study is to record the injury of Anomala testaceipennis Blanchard, 1851 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) adults in coffee Coffea arabica L. in municipality of Piumhi, Minas ...Gerais, Brazil. This is the first reported of the A. testaceipennis attacking coffee.
Medicinal plants are an important source to identify new active pharmaceutical compounds. Traditionally, the sap of Euphorbia umbellata is widely used to treat cancer and inflammatory conditions. ...These effects have been attributed to the presence of terpenes and phenolic compounds in the extracts of this plant. Euphol, a tetracyclic triterpene alcohol, is one of the major compounds present in Euphorbia species, and some biological activities have been attributed to this compound.
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of euphol against Jurkat, HL-60, K-562, B16F10, and HRT-18 cells lines, as well as the biological stability, distribution, metabolism properties in vitro, and the determination of the concentration of euphol in the plasma and liver of rats.
The MTT reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of euphol against cancer cell lines, and the selectivity index, the morphology and cell cycle assays to evaluate the death mechanisms in K-562 and B16F10 lineages. UHPLC-MS was applied for the in vivo evaluation of the concentration of euphol in plasma and liver, and in vitro metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and S9 fraction, plasma protein binding, and stability in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids assays.
This study demonstrated that euphol exhibited cytotoxic effects against a variety of cancer cells lines, selectivity against leukemia and possibly, the mechanism involved is apoptosis. The evaluation of stability, distribution, and metabolism properties showed that euphol was unstable in gastric and intestinal fluids, presenting moderate plasma protein binding with two hours elimination half-life and possible phase II liver metabolism. All the results suggested that further studies could be developed to prove the viability of euphol as an anticancer agent.
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Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the world's primary coffee pest. Recently, metaflumizone was registered for the control of CBB. This study investigated the susceptibility baseline, reproduction, ...locomotion, and respiration responses in the CBB (Hypothenemus hampei) exposed to metaflumizone. Lethal concentration (LC10, LC50, and LC99) values for metaflumizone were determined for seventeen populations from Brazil. Coffea arabica fruits infested with the CBB were collected during 2020–2021 from regions with significant coffee production. Metaflumizone reduced the respiration rate of H. hampei from 0.51 to 0.22 μL CO2 h−1 at LC50 for up to 3 h after insecticide exposure. A low concentration (LC10) of metaflumizone showed a stable respiration rate for H. hampei. The locomotion and reproduction (number of eggs) of H. hampei were affected. The recommended diagnostic concentration for H. hampei was 58.0 mg a.i. L−1. Our findings suggest that metaflumizone-based insecticides can be an effective alternative for use in rotation with insecticides of different chemical groups to control this key pest.
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•The coffee berry borer is endogamic and the most economically important pest of coffee worldwide.•Metaflumizone toxicity in H. hampei was studied by bioassay.•All populations were susceptible to insecticide metaflumizone.•Metaflumizone affected the respiration, locomotion and reproduction of H. hampei.•Baseline data to assist future insecticide resistance management efforts.
Based on the fact that Synadenium grantii is used in folk medicine for the treatment of peptic ulcers and inflammatory diseases, this work describes its chemical and pharmacological properties. ...Pharmacological investigation of the crude bark extract showed a high antioxidant activity over several scavenger systems, such as 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylenebenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)• +, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl•, O2 • - , and HOCl, as well as an enzymatic system with human myeloperoxidase and an ex vivo hemolysis system. Furthermore, the oral administration of the crude bark extract was able to reduce carrageenan-induced rat paw edema as effectively as ibuprofen. These biological activities may be associated with the presence of flavonoids and terpenes, as revealed by HPLC and NMR analyses of the crude stem bark extract. The phytochemical investigations in this study resulted in the isolation of friedelin and 3β-friedelinol for the first time, while euphol and lanosterol were also isolated.
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