In healthcare systems, human resources play a strategic role that has a significant impact on the whole caring process. When the wellbeing of professionals is low their performance decreases, ...counterproductive work behaviours may became more likely, and as a result the quality of care is compromised. Studies have shown that leadership style is particularly relevant in relation to the quality of work environments in healthcare organizations.
The main purpose of this study is to test a model that investigates the relationships between nurse managers’ leadership style and patients’ perception of the quality of the care provided by the nurses, through the mediation of the quality of the working environment (in terms of burnout, interpersonal strain and counterproductive work behaviour).
A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted.
The study was conducted in five hospitals located two in the north, two in the centre and one in the south of Italy.
Participants were 479 registered nurses (working as staff nurses, while head nurses and nurse managers were excluded) and 829 patients aged 18 years or older, able to read and write Italian and hospitalized for at least 3 days. Severely ill or mentally disabled patients who were not able to fill in the questionnaire were excluded.
The data were collected through two different questionnaires, one for the nurses and one for the patients. A multilevel analysis was conducted to examine the hypothesized model.
Results confirmed the hypothesis that, when nurses were satisfied with leadership, they felt less burned-out and strained in interpersonal relationships, they engaged less in misbehaviour, and, in turn, patients were more satisfied with the quality of the care provided by the nurses.
The results of this study showed that the characteristics of the organizational context, the leadership, and the behaviours of nurses, influenced patients’ perceptions of nurses’ care. Therefore, managers of healthcare services should take these results into account seriously in order to improve the quality of care provided to patients.
This article aims to conceptualize, for the first time, an implicit form of moral disengagement and investigate its role in relation to cheating behavior. In line with the implicit social-cognition ...models, we argue that the implicit moral disengagement would represent an unintentional, automatic, and less accessible form of the mechanisms bypassing the moral self-regulatory system. We anticipate that in situations implying on-the-spot decisions and where individuals might suffer no consequences for the misconduct, the implicit moral disengagement would predict the actual behavior while the explicit moral disengagement would predict self-reported conduct. The results of three empirical studies provide support for the theorization of an implicit moral disengagement and its assessment through a newly developed implicit measurement procedure using the relational responding task. Results of the structural equation models, including both implicit and explicit moral disengagement, demonstrated that only the implicit one was associated with the actual misconduct.
Aim
This study describes the development and validation of the Nursing Profession Self‐Efficacy Scale.
Background
Self‐efficacy can be useful in predicting performance, job satisfaction or ...well‐being. In the nursing field, there is a shortage of studies on self‐efficacy with regard to nurses’ global confidence in coping ability across a range of everyday, challenging work situations.
Methods
To define the theoretical framework of nursing professional self‐efficacy, two focus groups and a literature review were performed. An empirical study was then conducted to test validity and reliability. Face and content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined. The content validity index was evaluated by 12 experts who suggested deleting 11 redundant items. The final developed tool was tested for construct analysis using a cross‐validation approach, randomly splitting the overall sample of 917 nurses in two sub‐groups.
Findings
The construct validity indicated two dimensions. The face and content validity were adequate. Test–retest reliability displayed a good stability, and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was acceptable. Moreover, concurrent validity using the Generalized Self‐Efficacy Scale was in line with the theoretical framework.
Conclusion
The scale showed evidence of validity and reliability. The major limitation is the strong influence of the Italian context in the tool development.
Implications for nursing and health policy
The Nursing Profession Self‐Efficacy Scale could be a fruitful tool that facilitates the application of theories (i.e. social‐cognitive theory) in the nursing field and even development of interventions. Furthermore, a measurement of self‐efficacy could be used to predict nursing clinical performance.
Banana, a botanically berry, is an edible fruit produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. Banana has been known as an abundant fruit in Indonesia. Badan Pusat ...Statistik shows that in 2017, the production of banana in Indonesia was the highest among other fruits (7.16 million tons in 2017), showing a 2.22% increasing rate from the last year. Banana can be directly eaten when it is ripe, or can be processed first while it is unripe. Banana, while it is unripe, contains high carbohydrate with 17.2- 38% starch in it. This starch fraction, whether it is in native state or modified state, can be extracted and can be used for many purposes in food production means such as in producing cookies, pasta etc. Many studies has been accomplished to learn the characteristics of products that are made by substituting some of the flour using banana starch. Compared to the product that are made by using 100% wheat flour, products that are made by substituting some of the flour using banana starch have some differences in physical and chemical characteristics, digestibility, sensory properties and acceptability. This review article are meant to elaborate the uses of banana starch flour in food production and its effect to those products characteristics.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقدير مدى انتشار اضطراب التشوه الجسمي وعلاقته بالاكتئاب والقلق والتوتر.
دراسة مقطعية أجريت في جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية. حيث تم توزيع استبانة تم التحقق منها بشأن الخصائص ...الديموغرافية واضطراب تشوه الجسم والاكتئاب والقلق والتوتر بالإضافة إلى الخصائص الديموغرافية على عينة من ١١١٢ طالبا في جامعة الملك عبد العزيز في عام ٢٠١٩. تم استخدام الإحصاء الوصفي واختبارات مربع كاي ونماذج الانحدار اللوجستي الثنائي لتحليل البيانات. تم استخدام نسبة الأرجحية مع حد الثقة ٩٥٪ لقياس الارتباط بين اضطراب تشوه الجسم مع الاكتئاب والقلق والتوتر.
كان معدل الانتشار الإجمالي لاضطراب تشوه الجسم ١٣.٩٪ (حد الثقة ٩٥٪؛ ١١.٨-١٦.٢) وكانت أعلى المواقع المبلغ عنها هي الجلد (٨١.٦٪) والخصر (٦٨.٨٪). وتبين أن الإصابة باضطراب تشوه الجسم مؤشرا للاكتئاب بنسبة ارجحية ٤.٢(٢.٩-٦.١)، والقلق ٢.٢(١.٦-٣.٢)، والتوتر ٣.٢(٢.٢-٤.٧). الطالبات كن أكثر عرضة للقلق بنسبة أرجحية ١.٤(١.١-١.٩) والتوتر ١.٥ (١.١-٢.٠). كان الانتساب إلى كليات الإدارة والفنون والعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية أيضا مؤشرا للقلق بنسبة أرجحية ١.٤ (١.١-١.٨).
أظهرت الدراسة أن اضطراب التشوه الجسمي شائع نسبيا بين طلاب الجامعة في جدة ومرتبط بشكل كبير بالاكتئاب والقلق والتوتر.
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and identify its association with depression, anxiety, and stress.
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Jeddah, KSA. In 2019, a validated questionnaire with items on sociodemographic characteristics and body dysmorphic disorder, as well as the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 items (DASS 21) was distributed to 1,112 students of King Abdulaziz University. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis, which included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression models. The association was presented as an odds ratio (OR) along with its 95% confidence Interval (CI).
The overall prevalence of BDD was 13.9% (95% CI of 11.8–16.2.) with the highest reported sites being the skin (81.6%) and waist (68.8%). BDD was found to be a significant predictor of depression with an OR of 4.2 (95% CI 2.9–6.1), anxiety OR of 2.2 (95%1.6–3.2), and stress OR of 3.2 (2.2–4.7). Females were significantly associated with anxiety, OR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.9) and stress, OR of 1.5 (1.1–2). Affiliation to the administration, arts, humanities, and social colleges was also a significant predictor of anxiety as reflected by an OR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8).
Our study shows that BDD is relatively common among university students in Jeddah and associated with depression, anxiety, and stress.
•BDD is common among university students.•Skin and Waist circumference were the most reported sites among students.•BDD is a significant predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress affecting both male and female university student.
This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of smoking and habits of smoking among male secondary school students in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and to assess their knowledge and ...attitudes toward it.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, using a two-stage cluster sampling, randomly selecting 4 out of 85 government male secondary schools. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire eliciting responses to questions on personal background, smoking behavior, knowledge, behavior, and attitude toward smoking. A total of 695 students responded to the questionnaires with 87.4% response rate.
Of the studied group, 258 (37%) currently smoked, and of these, 83.7% had started smoking at the age of 14 years or less. The most common reason for smoking was the influence of family, especially the presence of someone at home who smoked (65, 9%) and friends who smoked (42.5%). Many of the students search for information on the risks of smoking (66.3%), and only (45.3%) knew about the bad effects of passive smoking on others. Two-third of the students who smoked wanted to quit smoking (63.2%), especially if suitable help was offered, whereas (60.9%) had tried to quit. While 50% of students smoked for recreation and entertainment, and (33.6%) had difficulty avoiding smoking in no smoking areas.
A well-planned integrated antismoking campaign is urgently required, especially among students and teachers. The study revealed that the prevalence of smoking was high. This will contribute to an increase in smoking-related health problems in the future if proper preventive measures are not taken.
This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of smoking and the smoking habits among male secondary school students in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to assess their knowledge and ...attitudes towards smoking.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, using a two-stage cluster sample that randomly selected four schools from 85 public secondary schools for males. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire containing questions on personal background, smoking behavior, knowledge, and behavior and attitudes towards smoking. A total of 695 students responded to the questionnaires with an 87.4% response rate.
The age range of this student sample was 16-22 years. Two hundred fifty-eight (37%) of the study group were current smokers. The most common reasons given for smoking were personal choice (50.8%) and the peer pressure from smoker friends (32.8%). Many students researched the smoking hazards (68.1%), but only 47.6% knew about the bad effects of passive smoking. Two thirds of the smoking students wanted to quit smoking (63.2%), especially if suitable help was available, and 75.1% tried to quit. A third of the smoking students (36.8%) found it difficult to stop smoking in no-smoking areas.
A well-planned integrated antismoking campaign is urgently required, especially among students and teachers. Our study revealed that smoking prevalence was high, which will lead to future high smoking-related health problems if proper preventive measures are not taken accordingly.
Background
Deviated nasal septum is a common cause of symptoms for nasal obstruction. Patients with nasal septum deviation who undergo septoplasty have improvements in their disease-specific quality ...of life for nasal obstruction.
Objective
The aim of this study was to identify the contributing factors of recurrent nasal septum deviation following primary septoplasty.
Materials and methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed the records of all patients who underwent primary septoplasty between 2017 and 2018; then presented to Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Outpatient Clinic, King Abdulaziz University Hospital with recurrent deviated nasal septum.
Results
In the current study, 362 patients were included. Most patients were Saudis (73.2%); and had neither comorbidities (73.5%) nor chronic diseases (92%). At the time of primary septoplasty, most patients were aged from 18 to 59 years (78.2%). Most patients had left septal deviation; underwent closed approach; and did not suffer postoperative complications (94.5%). The most common types of deviated nasal septum at the time of primary septoplasty were types 3 (38.1%) and 2 (31.5%), while type 2 was the most common at second septoplasty. The time between first septoplasty and recurrence of deviated nasal septum ranged from 1 to 72 months; with a median time of 12 months. The results of multiple linear regression showed that Saudi male patients who had a concomitant nasal surgery had a significantly increased time interval between first septoplasty and recurrence (
P
<0.05). The presence of either comorbidities or chronic diseases resulted in a decrease of the interval.
Conclusion
In patients who suffered from recurrence after primary septoplasty, types 2 and 3, left deviated nasal septum, and closed approach septoplasty were significantly frequent. Factors that resulted in longer time interval between first septoplasty and recurrence were male gender, Saudi nationality, concomitant nasal surgery, and absence of either comorbidities or chronic diseases.
Failed septal correction is an undesirable outcome of primary septoplasty. In this systematic review, we aimed to assess all current studies concerning septoplasty failure, with a view to identifying ...its common causes. A systematic literature search was conducted by screening the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that assessed septoplasty failure and were published between January 2008 and January 2021. Three authors independently extracted information from each study and examined all included articles for bias. Four articles provided pertinent data regarding septoplasty failure. We gathered that missed nasal valve abnormality diagnosis, insufficient separation and resection of the bony-cartilaginous junction, and insufficient correction of caudal septal deviation could cause septoplasty failure. Additionally, iatrogenic problems, nasal asymmetry, and side-wall concavity involving the nasofrontal and columellar labial angles are contributing factors. Determining the cause of nasal blockage is challenging because it is subjective. Based on our findings, we concluded that in all patients with septal deviation, utmost care should be taken to avoid overlooking nasal valve abnormalities and other nasal diseases before conducting septoplasty. Moreover, inadequate correction of caudal septal deviation should be avoided. Furthermore, there is currently no widely accepted classification system for septal abnormalities to measure and describe septal deviation characteristics, making surgical planning and documentation difficult. Hence, further research that would lead to the creation of such a classification system is warranted.
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