This paper explores how citizens took part in educational opportunities in the Ottoman Empire with their endowments (waqfs). The focus is on the charity work for the benefit of maktabs in the City of ...Sarajevo in the Ottoman Era. The paper expounds on the contribution the citizens made to maktabs – the institutions which provided elementary education for the children and youth. The time period the paper examines is 18th and 19th centuries, and the occasion is the event that took place in 1697, when Sarajevo was devastated under the attack of the Austrian Army. The research is based on waqfs dating back to those centuries, the records of which, predominantly in the form of transcripts, may be found in the Archives of the Gazi Husrev-Bay's Library in Sarajevo. It is indicated that over the period of several decades of the recovery of Sarajevo from the suffering of 1697, maktabs were rebuilt and supported for the greater part from endowments made by the citizens of Sarajevo, who donated their own property. In addition to rebuilding those maktabs which had been built next to mosques in the previous centuries, the citizens of Sarajevo also set up independent maktabs, away from the complex of a mosque. The endowments reveal that a rather widespread form of educational support provided by the citizens benefactors, both men and womene, was to allocate the income from an endowment for the teacher salaries. In that way, income for teachers was supplied in situations when the fundamental waqf from which a maktab was supported had been depleted. Examples show that benefactors assigned appropriate duties to the teaching staff in their waqf, which secured them (muallims) additional income. Support to educational opportunities was also reflected in giving gifts to students. Some benefactors specified that a portion of the income from an endowment was to be used to buy clothes for underprivileged students. Most often, students of a maktab, as well as other poorer inhabitants of a street block (mahalla) received from a waqf free bread, particularly in the holy days. The paper reveals that some citizens of Sarajevo allocated in their last will a one-off aid to maktabs from their inheritance. It also presents examples of private maktabs which were set up by wealthy, learned citizens to educate young people. Charity in general, particularly the one which was donated through the institute of waqfs, represented an important aspect of the activities of citizens in the Ottoman period. With those actions for the benefit of maktabs they supported educational opportunities in their own social communities. It was that very form of charity work that the citizens of Sarajevo maintained in the decades that followed after the end of the Ottoman rule.
This paper explores how citizens took part in educational opportunities in the Ottoman Empire with their endowments (waqfs). The focus is on the charity work for the benefit of maktabs in the City of ...Sarajevo in the Ottoman Era. The paper expounds on the contribution the citizens made to maktabs - the institutions which provided elementary education for the children and youth. The time period the paper examines is 18th and 19th centuries, and the occasion is the event that took place in 1697, when Sarajevo was devastated under the attack of the Austrian Army. The research is based on waqfs dating back to those centuries, the records oj which, predominantly in the form of transcripts, may be found in the Archives oj the Gazi Husrev-Bay's Library in Sarajevo. It is indicated that over the period of several decades of the recovery of Sarajevo from the sufferings of 1697, maktabs were rebuilt and supported for the greater part from endowments made by the citizens of Sarajevo, who donated their own property. In addition to rebuilding those maktabs which had been built next to mosques in the previous centuries, the citizens oj Sarajevo also set up independent maktabs, away from the complex of a mosque. The endowments reveal that a rather widespread form of educational support provided by the citizens benefactors, both men and women, was to allocate the income from an endowment for the teacher salaries. In that way, income for teachers was supplied in situations when the fundamental waqfj rom which a maktab was supported had been depleted. Examples show that benefactors assigned appropriate duties to the teaching staff in their waqf, which secured them (muallims) additional income. Support to educational opportunities was also reflected in giving gifts to students. Some benefactors specified that a portion of the income from an endowment was to be used to buy clothes for underprivileged students. Most often, students of a maktab, as well as other poorer inhabitants of a street block (mahalla) received from a waqf free bread, particularly in the holy days. The paper reveals that some citizens of Sarajevo allocated in their last will a one-off aid to maktabs from their inheritance. It a/so presents examples of private maktabs which were set up by wealthy, learned citizens to educate young people. Charity in general, particularly the one which was donated through the institute of waqfs, represented an important aspect of the activities of citizens in the Ottoman period. With those actions for the benefit of maktabs they supported educational opportunities in their own social communities. It was that very form of charity work that the citizens of Sarajevo maintained in the decades that followed after the end of the Ottoman rule.
On altıncı ve on dokuzuncu yüzyıllar arasında Osmanii İmparatorluǧu'nda seyahat eden bazı Ingiliz seyyahlar, Bosna-Hersek'i de ziyaret etmişlerdir. Bu coǧrafyada gözlemledikleri olay ve durumları, ...edindikleri izlenimleri kendi seyahatnamelerinde kaleme almışlardır. Seyahatnamelerinin Bosna-Hersek'e dair kısımları Ömer Hadžiselimović'in At the Gates of the East: British Travel Writers on Bosnia and Herzegovina from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries (2001) başlıklı kitabında yayımlanmıştır. Aynı kitap daha önce Sırp-Hırvat dilinde hazırlanıp okurlara sunulmuştur (Na vratima Istoka: engleski putnici о Bosni i Hercegovini od 16. do 20. vijek, 1989). Yazarlar, seyahatnamelerinin bazı kısımlarında o dönemde Bosna-Hersek'te kullanılan selamlaşma kalıplarını özgün şekilleriyle kayda geçirmişlerdir. Bu makalede, seyahatnamelerin bu tür selamlaşma formüllerinin yer aldıǧı kısımları ele alınmaktadır. Yazarların, ziyaret edilen bölgeye ait selamlaşma sözlerinin özgün dilsel şekilleriyle kayda geçirdikleri metin parçalarında hangi sosyal durumlar söz konusu olduǧu İncelenmektedir. Seyyahların kendilerinin ise, ilgili sosyal durumların karşısında yabancı olmaları özelliǧi dikkate alınmaktadır. Selamlaşma formülleri söz eylemi kuramı çerçevesinde İncelenmektedir.
Osmanlı bürokratı olarak bilinen Şehdî Osmân Efendi 1174 (1760-1761) yılında Saraybosna'da kütüphane kurduğunda bu, Osmanlı devletinin bu bölgesinde müstakil binaya sahip ilk vakıf kütüphanesi oldu. ...Ana koleksiyonunu oluşturan kitapların sayısı 180 civarında idi. Şehdî Kütüphanesi 1910 yılına kadar hizmet vermiş, 1914 yılında koleksiyonun tümü Gazi Hüsrev Bey Kütüphanesi'ne nakledilmiştir.
Bu çalışma için Gazi Hüsrev Bey Kütüphanesi'nde korunan yazma eserlerin 17 cilt halinde Katalog'u taranmış, Şehdî Osmân Efendi vakfına ait olduklarına dair bilgi verilen kitapların listesi çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Arapça ilimleriyle ilgili kitaplar üzerinde durulmuştur. O dönemde ilmî eserleri okuyup anlayabilmek için Arapça bilmek gerektiği görüşünün hakim olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu durumda Arapça dil bilgisi alanına ait kitapların koleksiyonların yapı taşlarından olduğu söylenebilir.
Şehdî Osman Efendi koleksiyonuna ait Arapça ilimlerine giren kitaplar incelendiğinde önemli bir kısmının Osmanlı medreselerinde okutulan ders kitapları olduğu görülmüştür. Sarf, nahiv, belâgat olmak üzere Arapça öğretiminin gerçekleştirildiği her üç daldan kitaplara yer verilmiştir. Koleksiyona alınan eserler arasında medreselerde okutulmayan kitapların bulunduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Böylece kaynaklarda anılmayan bir eser bugün sadece Şehdî Kütüphanesi’nin ana koleksiyonunda yer almış nüshasıyla bilinir. Koleksiyonun bir başka özelliği, bir eserin birden fazla nüshasının dahil edilmemiş olmasıdır. Bu koleksiyondan ödünç kitap alınmasının mümkün olduğu sonucuna bizi ulaştıran durumlar da tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bir bölümünde elde edilen bilgilere dayanılarak Şehdî Kütüphanesi’nin kuruluş amacına ulaştığı gösterilmektedir.
The paper studies the notes from Mulla Mustafa Basheski’s mecmua in which he recorded the presence of religious Puritans in the City of Sarajevo (medîne-i Saraybosna) in the second half of the
...eighteenth century. As this mecmua is of a diary type for the fact that the writer ended each of his notes by dating the event dealt with in it, we can see that the religious Puritans were influential both in religious and social life in Sarajevo from 1766-1767 until the end of the eighteenth century.
Mulla Mustafa Basheski called them muteassibs, kadizadelis and munkirs. He related the appearance of the religious Puritans in Sarajevo to the arrival in the City of the person he mentioned under the name of Vaiz of Amasia (Amasyalı Vâiz). Vaiz was a teacher - muderis in a Sarajevo madrasah and preacher who “in each of his sermons criticised sufis, sheiks, kadis, pashas”. Several notes in the mecmua witness to the direct conflicts between the religious Puritans and sufis. Some notes reveal efforts of the Puritans to influence life of the overall community in the way that twice in the span of twenty years they arranged for a ban on the performance of acrobats who came to Sarajevo to entertain people with their skills.
Mula Mustafa Bašeskija’s Book note (medžmua), written on Ottoman Turkish language and published as translation on Bosnian language titled Chronicle, is important source for everyday life and ...mentality meeting of Sarajevo inhabitants in 18th century. The author of this text proceeds from Mula Mustafa’s notes about himself, trying to comprehend the idea about the world that could have had Mula Mustafa. Proceeding for this analysis is Mula Mustafa’s note about his knowledge of Islamic mysticism. In this text it is shown how Mula Mustafa’s notes were in the same time both the true life (that was happened in everyday life in Sarajevo) and the author’s instruction how mystic thinks about life.
The paper analyses relational and declarative clauses in the manuscript titled Tuhfe-i Nâdiriyât-i Şuglî, which was in Sarajevo written by Osman Şugli in the 17th century in Ottoman Turkish. The ...autograph may be found in the Historical Archives of Sarajevo (sign. R–456). The analysis pertains to Şugli’s commentary of Emsile (fol. 64–117) which was used as a textbook for teaching the Arabic language in Ottoman maddrasahs. While conducting the analysis of the Turkish language used by Osman Şugli, relational and declarative clauses and constructions are examined in relation to their function and grammatical forms used.
The paper proposes that literary language at the time was used in textbooks on grammar. The Turkish language of Osman Şugli is presented as a sample of the usage of language in scientific discourse. It may be concluded that the most frequent are complex subordinate clauses of relational and declarative value where the main clause is positioned at the beginning of the sentence and followed by the ki conjunction by means of which the subordinate clause is joined.
In the present corpus, belonging to the genre of scientific prose, such a sentence structure demonstrates to be the linguistic means by which scientific facts and arguments are presented. The complex subordinate clause described above, which is different from the more natural way in the Turkish syntax of positioning the subordinate element in preposition, seems to intensify statements in the scientific discourse. It has also been concluded that these sentence structures express general views and ideas. The analysis also comprises phrases containing verbal adjectives and verbal nouns ending with –dIk and –mA.
PDF
