The phonograph presented American presidential aspirants with an opportunity to surmount eighteenth-century campaigning standards and meet the challenges of an expanding democracy and electorate. ...Thomas Edison’s invention—with its corresponding records—arguably was the first mechanical media technology to find its way into political campaigning on a mass scale. By 1908, canned, recorded speeches were poised to become a marketable alternative to soliciting ballots in person while also facilitating a candidate’s direct engagement with voters, thus enabling contenders and media firms like Edison’s National Phonograph Company to curate personas that were sold both commercially and at the polls. As a result, the phonograph’s practical role allowed the public to hear candidates directly and in their own words, marking an important but underrecognized step forward in the democratization of access to information (and the concomitant risk of manipulation and distortion that came along with it) that one finds in today’s social media.
Failure can be central to faculty research; however, failure produces a vehicle for learning. Through an interdisciplinary faculty community, the authors supported each other in facing, learning ...from, and overcoming “failed” aspects of research projects. This article reports obstacles encountered in conducting Scholarship of Teaching and Learning research and the role of a faculty learning community in overcoming these challenges. Research pitfalls included lack of student participants, non-significant findings, expectations for understanding related course content, technology issues, use of deception, determining the research question, and managing bias. Ultimately, the faculty learning community engendered a foundation for successful research projects by shared inquiry into these research “failures.”
Recognizing the central role that technology now plays in political
science education, organizers dedicated Track Eight of the 2005 Teaching
and Learning Conference to an in-depth exploration of how ...technology
impacts pedagogy and learning. During the three-day workshop, 30 track
participants from throughout the discipline shared a wide range of
experiences and ideas about how instructional technologies might help
improve student learning and engagement. Track discussions ranged widely,
covering the use of technology in diverse settings ranging from small
seminars and discussion groups to large introductory lectures and distance
learning courses. Along the way, presenters highlighted a number of
normative concerns raised by technology use in teaching as well as a range
of practical challenges often faced by faculty using technology in the
field.
President George W. Bush's faith-based initiative, introduced with great fanfare in early 2001, may seem at first glance to represent little more than a clever rebranding of various church-state ...partnerships that have been mainstays on the federal domestic policy landscape for years. After all, religiously affiliated organizations such as Catholic Charities USA, Lutheran Social Services, and the Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services have been receiving significant federal support of their charitable works since at least the early 1900s. Church-linked hospitals and nursing homes likewise have been participating in federal health care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid for generations. At the local level, churches and other religious bodies have long since become the primary providers in many communities of publicly funded counseling, job training, disaster relief, and family support services. At the same time, members of the clergy now have long track records of service as mentors, counselors, spiritual leaders, and role models within the nation's military and in its prisons.
American Political Science Association expanded on the successful launch of its 2004 pilot Conference on Teaching and Learning in Political Science by hosting a much larger second meeting in ...Washington DC on February 19-21, 2005. This meeting provides a forum to develop models on teaching and learning as well as to discuss broad themes and values affecting political science education.
United States v. Drayton (2002) Schultz, David; Vile, John R.
The Encyclopedia of Civil Liberties in America,
2005
Book Chapter
United States v. Drayton, 536 US 194, involved the scope of police authority to search public buses and their passengers absent prior judicial approval or clear evidence of crime. Justice Anthony M. ...Kennedy's majority opinion upheld the constitutionality of the officers' conduct by stressing the broad authority of law enforcement officials to investigate and deter crimes even in the absence of any specific suspicion or evidence of illegal acts. Approaching the men at their seats, officers first sought and gained their permission to search an overhead bag. Officers were constitutionally required to provide adequate procedural safeguards-including notice of the right to refuse cooperation-so as to preserve passengers' effective freedom of choice. The touchstone for valid consent, Kennedy concluded, was voluntariness rather than explicit notice and waiver of the right to deny cooperation. All nine justices in Drayton endorsed the majority's "reasonable person" and voluntariness standards for judging the validity of police investigatory actions under the Fourth Amendment.
United States v. Santana (1976) Schultz, David; Vile, John R.
The Encyclopedia of Civil Liberties in America,
2005
Book Chapter
In August 1974 Philadelphia police officers approached "Mom" v. Santana's house with probable cause—but no warrant—to arrest her on felony drug distribution charges. Santana continued to assert that ...absent a warrant or dire emergency, the Fourth Amendment barred police officers from entering her private dwelling and arresting her inside. Seeing the officers, Santana quickly retreated from the front doorway—where she had been standing with a brown paper bag in hand—to the interior of the house. In a seven-two opinion by Justice William H. Rehnquist, the US Supreme Court rejected Santana's argument and expanded the "hot pursuit" exception to the Fourth Amendment's general warrant requirements. At issue in United States Santana, 427 US 38, was the scope of Fourth Amendment restrictions on warrantless arrests and searches within private residences.
Search Incident to Arrest Schultz, David; Vile, John R.
The Encyclopedia of Civil Liberties in America,
2005
Book Chapter
In Harris v. United States, 331 US 145, for instance, the Court read the search- incident-to-arrest exception so broadly as to authorize a top-to-bottom search of a four-room apartment- including a ...sealed envelope in a closed desk drawer- following an arrest in the living room. Among the established exceptions is the rule, first suggested in Weeks v. United States, 232 US 383, that neither a warrant nor probable cause is necessary when police conduct a search, at the time of arrest, of a suspect's person and immediate surroundings. After a half century of legal uncertainty, the Court in Chimel v. California, 395 US 752, finally established a single limiting standard for incidental searches under the Fourth Amendment: Contemporaneous with a valid arrest, police may search only an arrestee's person and the area "within his immediate control." The Chimel formulation has remained the leading standard for judging the consti-tutionality of searches carried out incident to a valid arrest.
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