In family businesses, as in other organizations, an informal organizational culture is formed. The purpose of the research was to determine if there is a relationship between intra-family ...relationship and the type of organizational culture. Quantitative research has been conducted. The OCAI questionnaire was used as well as a set of questions from the authors who called it the Family Involvement Model. Data were obtained from 860 respondents, family business owners. Key findings that the values of family members are not consistent with the organizational culture in their business have been statistically confirmed. Only the hypothesis of the consistency of family values and clan organizational culture was confirmed. The study contributes to the study of family involvement in family business. Practical implications for family business owners can be seen in the building of positive influence on the creation of the organizational culture in their business. The study addresses the nature of organizational culture and the values of the family what is the originality of the research.
Plain Language Summary
Findings of the research have shown that the behaviours and attitudes inside the family do not necessarily match the nature of the organizational culture in their company. This hypothesis was confirmed only for the clan culture. This research study suffers from several limitations. The study has limitations in generalizability. The research was carried out in one country, a country with a relatively short history of family business. Families and their businesses do not yet have as much knowledge and experience as family businesses with a long tradition. However, the results obtained offer an opportunity for comparative research in countries where family business has a long tradition. This study assumes a direct relationship between family values and organizational culture. There is the possibility that there are other relationships that could be considered as other mediating variables not considered in this study. For this reason, more research could focus on a more robust understanding of relationships within families and how they influence culture in their business by including mediators that incorporate the influence of, for example, strategic decision making or business model development. The complexity of the respondents’ position may not have yielded reliable results. The complexity of a situation where a respondent identifies the relationships and values of their own family members and then values within their business, often perceived as a second family, can jeopardize the reliability of the answers. A limitation could be seen in the F-PEC model used. Some contemporary authors argue that Klein et al.’s F-PEC scale defines only a very specific type of family business. There are other types more conceptually and empirically, as also affirmed by Gupta and Levenburg. However, the structure of this model has been shown to be a suitable choice for the family model contoured here. FIM - formulated questions or group assignments may be submitted for discussion. The authors do not claim that the FIM is a final closed model. It will certainly require further elaboration or refinement. The authors welcome any comments. Research implications: By providing a clear and predictable relationship between the intensity and nature of family members’ relationships with each other and with the family business and the formation of organizational culture, the study contributes to family business theory, contributing to the study of family involvement in family business in terms of creating and maintaining the informal intangible aspects of organizational culture. Practical implications: for family business owners, it could provide impetus for establishing policies, rules, or roles within the family so that their involvement in the family business positively influences the creation and behaviour of the organizational culture in their business. Social implications arise from the importance of the existence of family firms that are significant in the economy. Not only the owners of family businesses, but also policymakers and regulatory authorities should contribute through their initiatives to promote the informal organizational culture that is a prerequisite for the growth and sustainability of family businesses, which are typically the largest employment generators in most economies. Originality/value/theoretical contribution: the study addresses the nature of organizational culture and the “character” of the family. By the “character” of the family is meant the relationships between family members and the relationships of family members to the family business. Relationships within the family and the relationship of family members to the family business are undoubtedly reflected not only in the formal structure, but also in the informal culture. The study reveals how these two “characters” are not/related.
The article evaluates the relationship between the tax burden on labor and magic quadrangle indicators in the Czech Republic in the years 1993 through 2020. The article examines whether indicators ...such as the effective rate or tax rate on labor affect the macro-economic indicators of the magic quadrangle. The originality of this study lies in the fact that it deals with the influence of political factors. The analysis shows the strongest correlation between the growth of gross domestic product and the implicit tax rate on labor. Moreover, the study finds that the factor with the most significant – and surprising – bearing on the findings is that fact that right-wing Parliament behaved like left-wing parties. The conclusions reached by this study further underline the significance of the tax burden on labor on the selected magic quadrangle indicators.
The evaluation of productivity of main services of city libraries using the example of 48 large public libraries and 44 small public libraries from the Czech and the Slovak Republic was performed ...according to the decomposition of the input-oriented Malmquist index (MI). The results of MI achieved are evaluated using a confidence interval and the bootstrap method. The productivity of main services of public libraries was studied for the year 2016 in comparison with the year 2012. On average, small as well as large libraries exhibit a statistically significant decline in productivity. The average value of the MI of small libraries is 1.29. The average value of the MI of large libraries is 1.16. The deterioration of productivity was caused by lower efficiency of the inputs. The small as well as the large libraries on average exhibit a comparable level of productivity in both studied years. This conclusion is the same for the Czech and for the Slovak libraries as well as for all libraries together. The Czech libraries, when compared with the Slovak ones, achieve better results in terms of productivity. The higher productivity of the Czech libraries in comparison with the Slovak ones is caused by the improvement of efficiency of the inputs, not by the technological changes.
•Sixty-six percent of small libraries decreased their productivity in 2016 when compared with 2011.•On average, small libraries decreased the productivity of main services by 29%.•Seventy-seven percent of large libraries decreased their productivity in 2016 when compared with 2011.•On average, large libraries decreased the productivity of main services by 16%.•The Czech small and large city libraries had higher productivity of main services than the Slovak ones.
Media, and particularly TV media, have a great impact on the general public. In recent years, spatial patterns of information and the relevance of intangible geographies have become increasingly ...important. Gatekeeping plays a critical role in the selection of information that is transformed into media. Therefore, gatekeeping, through national media, also co-forms the generation of mental maps. In this paper, correspondence analysis (a statistical method) combined with cloud lines (a new visual analytics technique) is used to analyze how individual major regional events in one of the post-communist countries, the Czech Republic, penetrate into the media on a national scale. Although national news should minimize distortions about regions, this assumption has not been verified by our research. Impressions presented by the media of selected regions that were markedly influenced by one or several events in those regions demonstrate that gatekeepers, especially news reporters, functioned as a filter by selecting only a few specific, and in many cases, unusual events for dissemination.
The paper deals with crucial areas of research potential in regional conditions of the 14 Czech self-governing regions in years 2015 and 2020. For the analysis 11 indicators of research and ...development (R&D) are applied by use of multivariate methods. The results showed internal similarities of the Czech regions by the three created R&D factors in 2020. We investigated the relationship in Czech regions between the created factors of research potential (in the public sector, the business enterprise sector, potential human resources) on one side and economic level of regions and total R&D expenditures as percentage of regional GDP on the other side. The achieved findings from self-governing Czech regions can be a valuable source for creators of regional R&D strategies in the Czech Republic.
The aim of this research was to find out whether family businesses create better opportunities for their economic sustainability in comparison with non-family businesses. That is, whether family ...businesses are more responsible in preparing for crises than non-family businesses. Having a sustainable business means being prepared for potential threats of all kinds. Research was carried out in 2019 on a sample of 2300 family and non-family enterprises. On the basis of statistically processed results, a minimum of significant differences in preparation for the crisis was identified. Even the basic hypothesis about a more responsible approach by family businesses to prepare for the crisis could not be accepted. It could not be noted that family businesses are building better conditions for their economic sustainability. The implication for praxis is to encourage owners to involve the family more in the preparation for crises, including development of formalised tools. Predetermined tools will help in solving crises that threaten the source of livelihoods of the whole family. The comparison of family and non-family businesses in this area, as yet unexplored, has the potential to contribute to the deepening of research in both crisis management and family business, which is the main contribution to the theoretical field.
Location processes are constitutive for the formation of economic landscape. Largest enterprises represent one of the most important units of territorial economies. Their role is palpable mainly in ...the sphere of employment, technological level, value chains, competition as well as overall economic power. It is far from surprising that the weight of enterprise headquarters is higher than that of their affiliates. Therefore, the main objective of our article is to analyze and assess the development of spatial organization of one hundred largest enterprise head offices in the Czech Republic from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Due to data limitations, size of the enterprise is measured by its turnover. Spatial distribution of one hundred largest Czech enterprises and its development over time represent the focal point of our evaluation from quantitative point of view. The analysis was based upon annually published top 100 databases. Qualitative assessment is underpinned by the results of the questionnaire, which was focused on particular location factors accentuated by largest enterprises. Consistency analysis and exploratory factor analysis provide us with useful instrument for the evaluation of qualitative dimension of the issue and help us to conceptualize location preferences of largest enterprises in the country.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify gaps in performance of city libraries from the Czech and from the Slovak Republic engaged in the project Benchmarking of Libraries. The subject of ...research consists of input and output performance variables of selected 51 city libraries for the period of 2011-2015 and their mutual dependence and influence.
Design/methodology/approach
To analyse relationships among ten input and four output variables, the correlation and regression analyses were used. Regression analysis was focussed on four output variables – numbers of physical visitors of libraries, numbers of loans, numbers of visitors using the internet in the library, and numbers of registered readers. Interpretation of results was supplemented with classification multidimensional analysis Chi-square automatic interaction detection.
Findings
Findings reveal that besides others the significant gap in performance was represented by library additions, which means the renewal of library collections. Performance differences were also found between city libraries in the Czech Republic and those in the Slovak Republic.
Research limitations/implications
This paper evaluates gaps in the performance on representative sample of city libraries. The number of population served among individual selected 51 libraries ranges between 15 and 35 thousand inhabitants. Analysed data are from years 2011-2015.
Originality/value
The paper analyses, by using statistical methods, data that are generated within the benchmarking project. This methodology proves and reveals causalities among performance indicators of city libraries in an unconventional way.
Amount of information provided by media is growing virtually every day. Surprisingly, attention devoted to the spatial implications of media information is far from sufficient. Existing researches ...bring ample evidence that TV coverage embodies media agenda in a satisfactory manner as it has rather profound impact on the public on the one hand and is representative enough on the other. Our paper deals with TV news reporting related to NUTS III regions in the Czech Republic. The main perspective adopted in this article is a qualitative one, which facilitates the evaluation of TV news contents. We are deliberately focusing on national TV broadcasting, which is the most influential one. Individual contributions we evaluate appeared in the framework of news reporting in public Czech TV and private Nova and Prima. In spite of severe limitations in media data, our paper covers the period between the years 2004 and 2011, which helps to underpin our conclusions in a sufficient way. Contributions, which are related to individual NUTS III regions and resonate at the national level, constitute the focal point of our research. TV reflection of material reality is of intangible character; nonetheless similarly to material categories, one can identify spatial as well as thematic differentiation and even patterns also in the sphere of TV news reporting. There are only little doubts that media landscape and closely associated mental maps have been largely underestimated so far. Thus, these topics represent one of pivotal theoretical and practical challenges in the field of spatial sciences, which holds true for post-transition country even more.
Systems of civil service reflect specific needs, traditions and institutional fundamentals of every state. The paper provides an outline of the European context of civil service, characteristics of ...basic features of civil service in EU countries, and evaluation of selected determinants of civil service from the perspectives of human resources, finances, and performance. Factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and analysis of variance are applied in the research to evaluate the period 2012-2019 in the 27 EU countries. Factor analysis was used to assign the selected determinants of civil service in the EU countries with the three factors created (performance of civil service, financial dimension of civil service, employees of civil service). The evaluation of the factors of the civil service in the EU countries using hierarchical cluster analysis has resulted in five clusters of countries with similar characteristic features of civil service. The strongest similarity is seen in the clusters of the EU countries in performance of civil service and employees of civil service. The results of the EU countries also indicate similarity of average values of civil service factors. Analysis of civil service determinants has proved that in the majority of countries placed in the same cluster according to the similarity of civil service, a relation exists in terms of the same tradition of the civil service but also in terms of the geographical viewpoint. Despite differences, similar tendencies can be observed related to increased flexibility, performance and modernisation of civil service systems.
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