We recently reported the electroplating of Fe-Pt thick films using plating baths with varying concentrations of NaCl, suggesting the potential for coercivity enhancement by Na ions. In the present ...study, our focus shifted to not Na ions but Cl ones, and we investigated the effect of the Cl ions on the crystal structures and magnetic properties of electroplated Fe-Pt films. With the increasing concentration of Cl ions, the coercivity of the films decreased. Furthermore, XRD analysis suggested that the Cl ions in the plating baths prevent the L10 ordering of the Fe-Pt crystalline phase, leading us to conclude that a Cl-free bath is favorable for preparing Fe-Pt thick-film magnets with high coercivity.
We present broad-band photometric and polarimetric observations of two Type II supernovae (SNe) 2013hj and 2014G. SN 2014G is a spectroscopically classified Type IIL event, which we also confirm ...photometrically because its light curve shows characteristic features – a plateau slope of 2.55 mag (100 d)−1 in the V band and a duration of ∼77 d – of a generic Type IIL SN. However, SN 2013hj also shows a high plateau decline rate of 1.5 mag (100 d)−1 in the V band, similar to SNe IIL, but marginally lower than SNe IIL template light curves. Our high cadence photometric observations of SNe 2013hj and 2014G enables us to cover all characteristic phases up to the radioactive tail of optical light curves. Broad-band polarimetric observations reveal some polarization in SN 2013hj with subtle enhancement as the SN evolves towards the plateau end. However, the polarization angle remains constant throughout the evolution. This characteristic is consistent with the idea that the evolving SN with recombining hydrogen envelope is slowly revealing a more asymmetric central region of explosion. Modelling of the bolometric light curve yields a progenitor mass of ∼11 M⊙ with a radius of ∼700 R⊙ for SN 2013hj, while for the SN 2014G model estimated progenitor mass is ∼9 M⊙ with a radius of ∼630 R⊙, both having a typical energy budget of ∼2 × 1051 erg.
Photocatalytic oxidation is an attractive approach for environmentally benign fine chemical synthesis. In addition, semiconductors have been intensively explored as photocatalysts for selective ...organic synthesis. In this study, we found that the photolysis of tetrabromocatechol on titanium dioxide produced surface-modified titanium dioxide, which showed higher activity than bare titanium dioxide in the aerobic conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde under visible light irradiation. When tetrabromocatechol was added to titanium dioxide dispersed in toluene, the titanium dioxide powder became orange in color due to the complex formation between tetrabromocatechol and titanium dioxide on the surface. The tetrabromocatechol was decomposed by visible light irradiation, and colorless titanium dioxide powder was obtained. We found that the apparent quantum yield of benzaldehyde formation determined by using the recycled colorless titanium dioxide powder at 450 nm was about eight times higher than that of bare titanium dioxide.
Abstract
We present optical and near-infrared observations of the nearby Type Iax supernova (SN) 2014dt from 14 to 410 d after the maximum light. The velocities of the iron absorption lines in the ...early phase indicated that SN 2014dt showed slower expansion than the well-observed Type Iax SNe 2002cx, 2005hk, and 2012Z. In the late phase, the evolution of the light curve and that of the spectra were considerably slower. The spectral energy distribution kept roughly the same shape after ∼100 d, and the bolometric light curve flattened during the same period. These observations suggest the existence of an optically thick component that almost fully trapped the γ-ray energy from 56Co decay. These findings are consistent with the predictions of the weak deflagration model, leaving a bound white dwarf remnant after the explosion.
The hand-behind-back (HBB) is a method for measuring the range of shoulder internal rotation; here, the highest vertebral level reached by the thumb is recorded. Alternatively, other specific ...landmarks may be used to measure its distance with the thumb. When the records of distance are adopted, it becomes difficult to compare individuals of different physiques, that is, comparing adults and children. In this study, we proposed a modified HBB method that attempts to normalize body size disparity and examined its reliability.
Three raters measured the modified HBB in 60 healthy subjects. A test-retest design was used, wherein each rater measured one trial, for a total of three trials each subject. The subject's thumb was actively and passively ascended along the spinal column as high as possible; subsequently, the distance between the C7 spinous process and tip of the thumb (C7-thumb) was measured with a tape. The HBB ratio (HBBR) was used as the parameter of shoulder internal rotation. It was defined as the ratio between the C7-thumb and the distance between the C7 spinous process and midpoint of the line connecting the posterior superior iliac spines (C7-posterior superior iliac spine).
Intraclass correlation coefficients (model 2.1) ranged from 0.73 to 0.89, indicating that the reliability of the active and passive HBBR had moderate or good and good reliability, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the values of minimal detectable changes were 0.053 and 0.036 for the active and passive measurements, respectively.
The proposed method was confirmed to have sufficient reliability for clinical use. The HBBR may be used as a parameter of the shoulder internal rotation, which enables the comparison between individuals of different physiques.
Abstract
We report on a superoutburst of a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova (DN), ASASSN-15po. The light curve showed the main superoutburst and multiple rebrightenings. In this outburst, we observed early ...superhumps and growing (stage A) superhumps with periods of 0.050454(2) and 0.051809(13) d, respectively. We estimated that the mass ratio of secondary to primary (q) is 0.0699(8) by using P
orb and a superhump period P
SH of stage A. ASASSN-15po P
orb ∼ 72.6 min is the first DN with an orbital period between 67–76 min. Although the theoretical predicted period minimum P
min of hydrogen-rich cataclysmic variables (CVs) is about 65–70 min, the observational cut-off of the orbital period distribution at 80 min implies that the period minimum is about 82 min, and the value is widely accepted. We suggest the following four possibilities: the object is (1) a theoretical period minimum object, (2) a binary with a evolved secondary, (3) a binary with a metal-poor (Popullation II) seconday, or (4) a binary which was born with a brown-dwarf donor below the period minimum.
Semiconducting nanomaterials with 3D network structures exhibit various fascinating properties such as electrical conduction, high permeability, and large surface areas, which are beneficial for ...adsorption, separation, and sensing applications. However, research on these materials is substantially restricted by the limited trans-scalability of their structural design and tunability of electrical conductivity. To overcome this challenge, a pyrolyzed cellulose nanofiber paper (CNP) semiconductor with a 3D network structure is proposed. Its nano–micro–macro trans-scale structural design is achieved by a combination of iodine-mediated morphology-retaining pyrolysis with spatially controlled drying of a cellulose nanofiber dispersion and paper-crafting techniques, such as microembossing, origami, and kirigami. The electrical conduction of this semiconductor is widely and systematically tuned, via the temperature-controlled progressive pyrolysis of CNP, from insulating (1012 Ω cm) to quasimetallic (10–2 Ω cm), which considerably exceeds that attained in other previously reported nanomaterials with 3D networks. The pyrolyzed CNP semiconductor provides not only the tailorable functionality for applications ranging from water-vapor-selective sensors to enzymatic biofuel cell electrodes but also the designability of macroscopic device configurations for stretchable and wearable applications. This study provides a pathway to realize structurally and functionally designable semiconducting nanomaterials and all-nanocellulose semiconducting technology for diverse electronics.
Recently, machine learning has been used to improve the accuracy of computer vision, and the latest network model, Transformer, has been widely used in the fields of natural language translation and ...object recognition. A feature of ViT used in the field of object recognition is that its accuracy is improved by accumulating layers of Transformers. However, the latest models of the previous study of object tracking show that the accuracy decreases as the layers of the Transformer are accumulated. Therefore, in this study, we thought that the accuracy could be improved by changing the experimental conditions while the layers of transformers are accumulated. In addition, by searching for hyperparameters in the loss function, we expect to further improve the accuracy. The experimental results show that the accuracy can be improved by 5% by adjusting the parameters of regression loss and loss on bounding box size. Also, the model used in this study has a problem that the accuracy decreased by up to 7% when the number of Transformer layers is increased. Although the accuracy improved by 2% compared to the model without adjusting the parameters when the parameters of the loss function are adjusted with the number of Transformer layers increased.
Photocatalytic oxidation is an attractive approach for environmentally benign fine chemical synthesis. In addition, semiconductors have been intensively explored as photocatalysts for selective ...organic synthesis. In this study, we found that the photolysis of tetrabromocatechol on titanium dioxide produced surface-modified titanium dioxide, which showed higher activity than bare titanium dioxide in the aerobic conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde under visible light irradiation. When tetrabromocatechol was added to titanium dioxide dispersed in toluene, the titanium dioxide powder became orange in color due to the complex formation between tetrabromocatechol and titanium dioxide on the surface. The tetrabromocatechol was decomposed by visible light irradiation, and colorless titanium dioxide powder was obtained. We found that the apparent quantum yield of benzaldehyde formation determined by using the recycled colorless titanium dioxide powder at 450 nm was about eight times higher than that of bare titanium dioxide.
Surface-modified TiO
2
generated by the photolysis of tetrabromocatechol showed higher activity than bare TiO
2
in visible-light-induced photocatalytic toluene oxidation.
As a physical layer security technique, directional modulation (DM) using an array antenna was proposed. By the method, modulated signal can be correctly reconstructed in only the pre-specified ...direction from the array. On the other hand, Space Selective Modulation (SSM) was proposed. SSM shares the similar principle to DM. Using the technique, modulated signal is correctly reconstructed in only the specified space, not the specified direction by utilizing fading characteristics. The originally proposed SSM uses three or four transmitting antennas. However, the transmissible probability is not 100%. Because a modulated signal is formed by summing up phase-controlled channel coefficients in SSM, symbols of the all constellation points may not be formed depending on the channel conditions. It brings about a decrease in the secrecy capacity of the secure information transmission. In this paper, we consider solving the problem by increasing the number of antennas. We quantitatively evaluated the secrecy capacity by computer simulations. The results confirm the improvement of the total performance in the secrecy capacity of SSM.
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