OBJETIVO: A insuficiência cardíaca é uma das causas mais comuns de internação. Dispositivos para assistência circulatória crônica foram testados e, em sua maioria, são de alta complexidade. O ...objetivo deste estudo é a descrição de uma endoprótese contrátil com capacidade de pulsação crônica no interior da aorta descendente, de maneira semelhante à produzida pelo balão intra-aórtico. MÉTODOS: Endopróteses pulsáteis compostas de níquel-titânio foram posicionadas de forma a envolver tubos de látex, simulando a aorta. Diferentes correntes elétricas foram aplicadas a unidades ligadas em série, de modo a causar contração da estrutura e deslocamento de uma coluna líquida. Foram realizadas duas sequências de testes: a primeira com duas gaiolas metálicas e a segunda com cinco gaiolas. Na primeira sequência de testes, aplicou-se tensão de 16,3 volts e corrente de 5 amperes e, na segunda sequência, tensão de 15 volts e corrente de 7 amperes. RESULTADOS: Na primeira sequência de testes, obteve-se o efeito pulsátil dos 2 stents, havendo contração do tubo e deslocamento da coluna d'água suficientes para validar o efeito pulsátil da endoprótese. As duas estruturas ejetaram um volume de 2,6 mL por ciclo, com uma variação de 29 mm na altura da coluna de água, equivalente a 8% de contração durante a pulsação. Na segunda sequência, conseguiu-se uma variação de 7,4 mL por ciclo. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos comprovam a contratilidade da endoprótese pulsátil ativada pela aplicação de corrente elétrica. Continuidade do estudo e aperfeiçoamento do material se fazem necessários para obtenção de modelo mais eficiente do ponto de vista energético e com maior pulsação, para permitir volumes de ejeção comparáveis aos de balões intra-aórticos.
Heart failure is currently one of the most common hospitalization causes. Several chronic circulatory assist devices have been tested and are highly complex. The objective is the description of a ...pulsatile endoprosthesis capable of applying a chronic pulse within the descending aorta, similar to that produced by intra-aortic balloon.
Pulsatile stents composed of nickel-titanium were built and positioned to engage latex tubes simulating the aorta. Different electric currents were applied to units connected in series in order to cause structure contraction and displacement of a liquid column. There were two sequence tests: first composed of two metallic cages and the second composed of five cages. At first sequence tests was applied a voltage of 16.3 volts and a current of 5 amperes. In the second, voltage of 15 volts and current of 07 amperes.
In the first sequence was obtained the pulsatile effect of stent, with contraction of the tube and displacement of the water column sufficient to validate the pulsating effect of the endoprosthesis. The two structures ejected a volume of 2.6 ml per cycle, with a range of 29 mm in height of the column of water equivalent to 8% shrinkage during the pulse. In the second sequence, it reachead a variation of 7.4 mL per cycle.
The results obtained confirm the stent pulsatile contractility activated by electrical current. The continuity of the study and material improvement are necessary to obtain more efficient model from the point of view of energy and pulse, to allow ejection volumes comparable with the intra-aortic balloons.
This study sought to evaluate SAPIEN 3 (S3) (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, California) positioning using different strategies.
Aortic valve-in-valve (ViV) is associated with high risk of elevated ...gradients.
S3 aortic ViV procedures in stented bioprostheses were studied. Transcatheter heart valve (THV) positioning was analyzed in a centralized core lab blinded to clinical outcomes. A combined endpoint of severely elevated mean gradient (≥30 mm Hg) or pacemaker need was established. Two positioning strategies were compared: central marker method and top of S3 method. Optimal final depth was defined as S3 depth ≤20%.
A total of 113 patients met inclusion criteria and were analyzed (76.5 ± 9.7 years of age, 65.8% male, STS score 8 ± 7.6%). THVs had incomplete shortening in comparison to fully expanded valves (92 ± 3.4%), and expansion was more complete in optimal positioning cases compared with others (93.2 ± 2.7% vs. 91.5 ± 3.5%; p = 0.027). The central marker method demonstrated greater correlation with final implantation depth than the top of S3 method (R2 of 0.48 and 0.14; p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The combined endpoint rate was 4.3% in the optimal (higher than 3 mm) implantation group, 12% in the intermediate group, and 50% in the low group (p < 0.001). There were no cases of THV embolization. In cases with central marker higher than 3 mm, 72.4% had optimal final depth. In those with central marker higher than 6 mm, 90% had optimal final depth.
Optimal S3 positioning in aortic ViV is associated with better outcomes. Central marker positioning is more reliable than top of S3 positioning. Central marker bottom position should be 3 mm to 6 mm above the ring.
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After adjusting for label surgical valve size, STS score, renal failure, and diabetes, presence of pre-existent severe PPM was associated with increased risk of 1-year mortality (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: ...1.02-3.07; p=0.04). Conclusion Pre-existent PPM of the failed surgical valve is strongly and independently associated with increased risk of mortality following ViV.
Multivariate analysis identified aortic regurgitation as a mode of bioprostheses failure (Odds Ratio, 1.62, CI 1.05-2.5 P=0.03), and STS mortality score (Odds Ratio, 1.02, CI 1.002-1.041 P=0.03) as ...independently associated with device malposition.
The global scarcity of medical oxygen has proven to be catastrophic during the surges in COVID-19 cases over the past two years, with the heaviest burden felt in low- and middle-income countries. ...Despite its criticality, data and analyses of oxygen consumption, even for typical clinical cases, are missing. Consequently, planning oxygen needs, particularly with variable surges in COVID-19 cases, has presented a substantial challenge to policymakers and hospital decision-makers.
We performed a sub-analysis of the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium database assessing the oxygen consumption requirements of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units between February 2020 and October 2021. We calculated descriptive statistics for oxygen flow-rates, stratified by oxygen supplementation method, and developed a multi-state model for estimating the frequency, therapy duration, probability of transition, and number of oxygen therapy modes per patient.
Overall, 12 429 patients from 35 countries received oxygen support on at least one day of their hospitalisation. Of the patients with measurable flow rates, 6142 received invasive mechanical ventilation, 838 received high-flow nasal oxygen, and 257 received both modalities. The median flow rate for mechanical ventilation was 3.2 L per minute (interquartile range (IQR) = 2.0-4.9), with a median duration of 12 days (IQR = 6-24), while the median flow rate for high-flow nasal cannula was 40 L per minute (IQR = 15-55), with a median duration of three days (IQR = 2-6).
Oxygen consumption among critical COVID-19 patients varies by mode of delivery (invasive ventilation vs high-flow nasal cannula), across patients, and over treatment duration. Therefore, it is essential that health facilities routinely monitor oxygen utilization to better inform oxygen delivery system design and regular supply planning.
ClinicalTrials.gov: CTG2021-01 ACTRN12620000421932.
Factors associated with mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation are still not fully elucidated.
To identify patient-level parameters, readily available at ...the bedside, associated with the risk of in-hospital mortality within 28 days from commencement of invasive mechanical ventilation or coronavirus disease 2019.
Prospective observational cohort study by the global Coronavirus Disease 2019 Critical Care Consortium. Patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation from February 2, 2020, to May 15, 2021.
Patient characteristics and clinical data were assessed upon ICU admission, the commencement of invasive mechanical ventilation and for 28 days thereafter. We primarily aimed to identify time-independent and time-dependent risk factors for 28-day invasive mechanical ventilation mortality.
One-thousand five-hundred eighty-seven patients were included in the survival analysis; 588 patients died in hospital within 28 days of commencing invasive mechanical ventilation (37%). Cox-regression analysis identified associations between the hazard of 28-day invasive mechanical ventilation mortality with age (hazard ratio, 1.26 per 10-yr increase in age; 95% CI, 1.16-1.37;
< 0.001), positive end-expiratory pressure upon commencement of invasive mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio, 0.81 per 5 cm H
O increase; 95% CI, 0.67-0.97;
= 0.02). Time-dependent parameters associated with 28-day invasive mechanical ventilation mortality were serum creatinine (hazard ratio, 1.28 per doubling; 95% CI, 1.15-1.41;
< 0.001), lactate (hazard ratio, 1.22 per doubling; 95% CI, 1.11-1.34;
< 0.001), Paco
(hazard ratio, 1.63 per doubling; 95% CI, 1.19-2.25;
< 0.001), pH (hazard ratio, 0.89 per 0.1 increase; 95% CI, 0.8-14;
= 0.041), Pao
/Fio
(hazard ratio, 0.58 per doubling; 95% CI, 0.52-0.66;
< 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (hazard ratio, 0.92 per 10 mm Hg increase; 95% CI, 0.88-0.97;
= 0.003).
This international study suggests that in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 on invasive mechanical ventilation, older age and clinically relevant variables monitored at baseline or sequentially during the course of invasive mechanical ventilation are associated with 28-day invasive mechanical ventilation mortality hazard. Further investigation is warranted to validate any causative roles these parameters might play in influencing clinical outcomes.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Reoperative procedure for the treatment of a failed mitral bioprosthesis is associated with considerable risk. In some cases, mortality is high and might contraindicate the ...benefit of the procedure. The minimally invasive valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter mitral valve implant offers an alternative less-invasive approach, reducing morbidity and mortality. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the mitral ViV approach using the Braile Inovare prosthesis.
METHODS: The transcatheter balloon-expandable Braile Inovare prosthesis was used in 12 cases. Procedures were performed in a hybrid operating room, under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic control. Through left minithoracotomy, the prostheses were implanted through the cardiac apex. Serial echocardiographic and clinical examinations were performed. Follow-up varied from 1 to 30 months.
RESULTS: A total of 12 transapical mitral ViV procedures were performed. Patients had a mean age of 61.6 ± 9.9 years and 92% were women. Mean logistic EuroSCORE was 20.1%. Successful valve implantation was possible in all cases. In one case, a right lateral thoracotomy was performed for the removal of an embolized prosthesis. There was no operative mortality. Thirty-day mortality was 8.3%. Ejection fraction was preserved after the implant (66.7%; 64.8%; P = 0.3). The mitral gradient showed a significant reduction (11 mmHg; 6 mmHg; P < 0.001). Residual mitral regurgitation was not present. There was no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
CONCLUSIONS: The mitral ViV implant in a failed bioprosthesis is an effective procedure. This possibility might alter prosthesis selection in the future initial surgical prosthesis selection, favouring bioprostheses. Further large trials should explore its safety.
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