A total of 142 soil samples was collected from different Mexican states: Campeche (13), Michoacán (15), Nuevo León (25), San Luis Potosí (25), Sinaloa (17), Sonora (17), Tabasco (5), Tamaulipas (20), ...and Yucatán (5). Larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.), were used as bait to detect, trap, and multiply entomopathogenic fungi in vivo. Twenty-three percent of the soil samples processed were positive for the presence of entomopathogenic fungi according to the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics: Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. was detected in 12% (17 isolates), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin in 1% (2 isolates), and Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) in 10% (14 isolates). Genetic variability of the fungi was analyzed using the sequences of internal transcribed ribosomal genes (ITS-5.8S-ITS2) and digested with the enzyme Haelll. PCR results generated fragments of 600 bp for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, and more than 600 bp for I. fumosorosea. Both reference strains and field isolates produced similar restriction patterns. Genera of native entomopathogenic fungi were found in the diverse citrus areas of Mexico, opening the possibility for biological control of pests affecting citrus in each region.
A seminar organised in the framework of the Public Health Collaboration in South Eastern Europe programme (PH-SEE), Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 23-28 August 2004, aimed to answer the question: ...Is there a real need for a regional public health policy framework in South Eastern Europe (SEE)? The answer is probably yes because the specific situation in the SEE region has to be taken into account for the development of relevant and realistic public health goals. To evaluate the current situation in the SEE region, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) methodology was applied. A set of key messages and recommendations have been formulated. Based on the priorities identified and agreed upon, PH-SEE experts formulated five goals. The result of very intensive work was a framework for a regional SEE public health strategy being drafted during the seminar. An initial 5-year term was established beginning in 2005. This framework represents only a first step towards an officially agreed upon regional strategy framework. The purpose of that exercise was to demonstrate the benefits of regional collaboration by using the technical competence and experience of public health professionals in the region. Moreover, the harmonisation with European Union (EU) public health standards and policies must be considered in health policy development in the region.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Aim: Throughout 2004-2010, the series of 6 books entitled “Handbooks for Teachers, Researchers and Health Professionals” were published within the frame of the public health network established in ...South Eastern Europe (SEE), covering the total of 249 teaching modules. The aim of the study was to assess the use and exchange of these modules between the authors. Methods: Out of 148 identified authors, 106 took part in the cross-sectional study carried out from July to November 2011 (response rate: 71.6%). The primary endpoints were the utilization (use and/or exchange) of the modules in general, the percentage of utilized modules from all volumes, the percentages of utilized modules of each volume separately, and the percentage of utilized modules from all the volumes at different levels of the educational process. Non-parametric statistical methods were used for analysis (e.g. Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests). Results: Module utilization was reported by 80/106 participants (75.5%). The median value of the percentage of utilized modules from all the volumes was 4.8, being much higher among full-time university staff (9.2; p=0.008) and authors/editors (14.7; p=0.010). The respondents most frequently utilized Volume 1 (median value: 7.7) and Volume 6 (median value: 4.2) modules (p=0.002) as part of undergraduate (median value: 1.4) and postgraduate vocational (median value: 1.4) study programmes (p<0.001). Conclusion: The level of module utilization within the group of their authors is good. However, this is only partial information and not representative of the entire target population of SEE public health teachers.
Namen: V okviru javnozdravstvene mreže za jugovzhodno Evropo (JVE) je bila v obdobju 2004-2010 objavljena serija šestih knjig z naslovom Priročniki za učitelje, raziskovalce in zdravstvene delavce. Skupno je bilo objavljenih 249 učnih modulov. Namen študije je bil oceniti uporabo in izmenjavo modulov med avtorji. Metode: V presečni raziskavi, ki je bila izvedena v obdobju julij-november 2011, je sodelovalo 106 od 148 vabljenih avtorjev (71,6-odstotna odzivnost). Glavni opazovani pojavi so bili: uporaba/izmenjava modulov na splošno, odstotek uporabljanih/izmenjanih modulov iz vseh knjig, odstotek uporabljanih/izmenjanih modulov za vsako knjigo posebej in odstotek uporabljanih/izmenjanih modulov iz vseh knjig na različnih stopnjah izobraževalnega procesa. Za analizo smo uporabili neparametrične statistične metode (Mann Whitney in Friedmanov test). Rezultati: 80/106 udeležencev (75,5 %) je poročalo, da uporabljajo/izmenjujejo module. Med njimi je bila mediana odstotka uporabljanih/izmenjanih modulov iz vseh knjig 4,8. Le-ta je bila precej višja med polno zaposlenim univerzitetnim osebjem (9,2: p = 0,008) in avtorji/uredniki (14,7; p = 0,010). Ti anketiranci najpogosteje uporabljajo/izmenjujejo module prve (mediana: 7,7) in šeste knjige (mediana: 4,2) (p = 0,002). Najpogosteje jih uporabljajo na dodiplomskih (mediana: 1,4) in podiplomskih strokovnih študijskih programih (mediana: 1,4) (p < 0,001). Zaključki: Uporaba modulov v skupini njihovih avtorjev je dobra, vendar pa je to le delna informacija o uporabi modulov v ciljni populaciji učiteljev javnega zdravja v JVE.
CARF (“Ce Are Românul în Farfurie”) (“What the Romanians have in their Plate”) is the dietary survey carried out in Romania in order to collect food consumption data on representative samples of ...adolescents (356 subjects 10‐17 years old), adults (740 subjects 18‐64 years old), elderly (356 subjects 65‐74 years old) and ad hoc samples of pregnant women (142 subjects) and vegetarians (266 subjects). The study began in 2015 and was completed in 2020. Data on food consumption for over 1500 individuals for adolescents, adults, elderly, vegetarians and pregnant women was collected and obtained by means of two 24‐hour recall interviews covering two seasons and equally representing weekdays and weekends. The interview data was complemented by a Food Propensity Questionnaire in line with the EFSA “Guidance on the EU Menu Methodology”. The data will be included in the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database. The software used for the collection of data was the CARF software. The weight and height if the participants were self‐reported. The participation rate was 72% (people who agreed to participate) and final response rate 59.6% (people who answered the second interview).The survey was funded through an EFSA procurement contract and included in the EU Menu Project. No major deviation from the EU Menu guidance or technical specifications was registered while implementing the survey.
La conservación de especies animales, de manera particular los anfibios, ha cobrado gran importancia, frente a los peligros inminentes de extinción por efectos del cambio climático, la dramática ...alteración de sus hábitats por el ser humano, la desecación, y el ataque de microrganismos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo contribuir al conocimiento de la biología reproductiva de una de las especies más emblemáticas de la familia Dendrobatidae, Ranitomeya ventrimaculata (Shreve 1935), llamada rana venenosa de Sarayacu, de pequeño tamaño, pero de singular belleza. Si bien su estatus de conservación es de preocupación menor de acuerdo con la UICN, sus poblaciones de baja densidad causan preocupación sobre las reales posibilidades de mantenerlas viables. Como alcances de este trabajo, se estableció que, su apareamiento es variado, con prevalencia del amplexus cefálico, en cuanto a la relación de sexos en el grupo parental, el mayor éxito de reproducción se dio entre los especímenes ubicados en proporción de una hembra un macho, el estrato preferido para la ovoposición fue el suelo en un 63%, la eclosión de los huevos se efectúo a los 14 días en promedio, los huevos de 1 día midieron en promedio 3 mm, el desarrollo completo de Ranitomeya ventrimaculata, dura entre 70 y 75 días, al completar este proceso alcanzan dimensiones, longitud rostro - cloaca en los machos en rango promedio de 15,5 a 18,3 mm; en hembras de 16,5 a 18,6 mm. Las curvas de supervivencia de los resultados obtenidos indican una tendencia de tipo II. La expectativa de vida es alta en el momento de la ovoposición, y decrece al finalizar la etapa de éxtasis metamórfico. El manejo en condiciones de cautiverio en laboratorio se considera factible y viable, en la posibilidad de replicar este procedimiento a fin de obtener individuos de Ranitomeya ventrimaculata, para repoblar bosques amazónicos.
The study is carried out to establish the diversity of fish in the Napo and Arajuno rivers in the segments that cross the Ahuano parish of the Tena Canton, Napo Province in the Ecuadorian Amazon. ...Several studies indicate that the Napo River basin would have up to 680 species of fish (Barriga, 2012). A monitoring effort was carried out for 12 months. Trammel and trawl nets were used to collect the specimens. Sampling was carried out at five stations in each river, every 1,000 meters, once a month during the 11 months of study. As a general result, the record of 27 species of bony fish was obtained. Of the order Characiformes, 16 species were obtained, being the most diverse, while at the taxonomic family level, Characidae was more frequent with 9 corresponding species. Additionally, a survey was carried out among 5 indigenous and peasant communities on the banks of the two rivers to establish the preference for fish consumption and the potential species for management, which were: Prochilodus nigricans for 28%, followed by Pimelodus blochii 18%, Mylosoma duriventre, Leporinus pearsoni, Hypostomus oculeus, Aguarunichthys torosus, Leporinus friederici and Triportheus angulatus with 9% each.
This paper presents an exploratory study of the perceptual quality of different coding configurations of a real-time Free-viewpoint Video (FVV) system through a subjective experiment. In addition, ...different pre-defined camera trajectories were considered to analyze their impact on the visual quality and their relationship with the trajectories of the observers when freely exploring the content. For this experiment, a novel test methodology was used based on the participation of few observers who repeat the test in different moments. The results provide useful insights on options to reduce, if necessary, the amount of data to deliver FVV providing the highest possible quality to the end users. Also, they can help on defining trajectories that can be appealing for the users if they do not have the possibility to freely navigate through the content or that can be useful to perform valid subjective tests with pre-defined trajectories. Finally, the FVV dataset that has been created and used for this experiment will be made publicly available for the research community, once it is completed with more videos and results from future subjective tests.
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