The effect of annealing temperature variance on magnesium ferrites (MgFe
2
O
4
) later anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) forming hybrid nanocomposite is demonstrated and its electrochemical ...performance investigated by using a screen-printed carbon paste electrode (SPCE) for detection of the environmental hazardous phenolic compound 4-cyanophenol (4-CY). The MgFe
2
O
4
(MFO–600 °C) displayed an enhanced charge transfer ratio with high conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. To confirm the structural and morphological parameters of the rGO-MFO-2 hybrid micro/nanocomposite, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), and field-emission electron microscopy (FE-EM) with EDX mapping have been utilized. The rGO/MFO-2/SPCE electrode displayed high catalytic performance in detecting 4-CY with good sensitivity of 6.836 μA μM
−1
cm
−2
in a working range 0.001 to 700 μM with a limit of detection of 0.0012 μM by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). This is achieved for the active interaction between rGO and MFO-2 active surface site areas resulting in good electrochemical activity and high electron transfer rate. Moreover, 4-CY detection has been performed in the presence of various interferents and through real-time analysis in samples like tap water, industrial river water, and fish which resulted in admirable recovery.
Graphical abstract
The military is experiencing high rates of mental illness, yet service members and veterans with mental health problems often choose not to seek treatment. Based on clinical-psychology models of ...client-therapist matching and cultural competency, we hypothesized that willingness to seek treatment among military personnel is higher when the potential psychotherapist is a discharged veteran. Seventy-seven military personnel (73% men, 70% White,
= 34.2) took part in the study. As hypothesized, the majority of participants indicated that they would prefer to see a psychologist who is a veteran. When responding to vignettes, ratings of the psychotherapist's ability to understand the client (a soldier post-deployment), of his ability to help such a client, and of whether the client should seek treatment from this psychotherapist were higher when the psychotherapist was a veteran compared to when he had no military experience. There were no between-group differences in age, years of service, deployment history, or attitudes toward psychotherapy in general. Similarly, gender and education level had no effect on the results. These findings imply that having the opportunity to receive treatment by a psychotherapist who is a veteran may remove barriers for treatment and encourage more service members and veterans to seek and obtain the help that they need. This can be done by communicating these findings to the military population and by encouraging therapists who have military experience to make this fact known to their potential clients.
Triboelectrification necessitates a frictional interaction between two materials, and their contact electrification is characteristically based on the polarity variance in the triboelectric series. ...Utilizing this fundamental advantage of the triboelectric phenomenon, different materials can be identified according to their contact electrification capability. Herein, an in‐depth analysis of the amino acids present in the stratum corneum of human skin is performed and these are quantified regarding triboelectric polarization. The principal focus of this study lies in analyzing and identifying the amino acids present in copious amounts in the stratum corneum to explain their positive behavior during the contact electrification process. Thus, an augmented triboelectric series of amino acids with quantified triboelectric charging polarity by scrutinizing the transfer charge, work function, and atomic percentage is presented. Furthermore, the chirality of aspartic acid as it is most susceptible to racemization with clear consequences on the human skin is detected. The study is expected to accelerate research exploiting triboelectrification and provide valuable information on the surface properties and biological activities of these important biomolecules.
Triboelectrification relies on friction between two materials, exploiting the polarity variations in the triboelectric series for contact electrification. The study delves into amino acids in human skin's stratum corneum, quantifying their triboelectric properties. It emphasizes high‐abundance amino acids in the skin's outer layer, presenting an extended triboelectric series. Additionally, it identifies homochiral aspartic acid susceptible to the racemization process.
The recent rate of the expansion of graphene nanomaterials requires appropriate toxicological assessment for biomedical usage. The toxicity of graphene and its composites is a major hurdle. Here, we ...report the effects of reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites on mouse fibroblast (NCTC-929) cells with the aim for futuristic biomedical applications of our synthesized material such as wearable device. The rGO was prepared by modified Hummer’s method and conjugated in comparison with carbon nanotubes (CNT), silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide particles and polyurethane to form nanocomposites. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis. As expected, most of our purified nanocomposites did not show any cytotoxicity on NCTC-929 cells when cultured with different doses of the samples. The nanomaterials were biocompatible and the cells displayed a viability of 80% and more. However, the nanocomposites that were autoclaved prior to testing were toxic. The materials with ZnO conjugation showed a dose dependent toxicity. The composites that had CNTs conjugated with rGO (rGO3C) were toxic than compared to the rGO-CNT conjugated with silver nanoparticles (rGO6CAgNP and rGO3CAgNP). When these nanomaterials are explored for several other applications in vivo, their biocompatibility is a major factor to be considered.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are synthesized and deposited in the spinal cord following injury. These proteoglycans may restrict regeneration and plasticity and contribute to the limited ...recovery seen after an injury. Chondroitinase, a bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the chondroitin chains on proteoglycans, has been shown to improve motor and sensory function following partial transection lesions of the spinal cord. To assess the effects of chondroitinase in a clinically relevant model of spinal cord injury, 128 female Long-Evans rats received either a severe, moderate, or mild contusion injury at the vertebral level T9/T10 with a forceps model and were treated for 2 weeks with chondroitinase ABCI at 0.06 Units per dose, penicillinase, or vehicle control via an intrathecal catheter placed near the injury. Motor behavior was measured by open-field testing of locomotion and bladder function monitored by measuring daily residual urine volumes. Animals treated with chondroitinase showed significant improvements in open-field locomotor activity as measured by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scoring system after both severe and moderate SCI (p<0.05 and 0.01, respectively). No significant locomotor differences were observed in the mild injury group. In the moderate injury group, residual urine volumes were reduced with chondroitinase treatment by 2 weeks after injury (p<0.05) and in the severe injury group, by 6 weeks after injury (NS). These results demonstrate that chondroitinase is effective at promoting both somatic and autonomic motor recovery following a clinically relevant contusion spinal cord injury and is a candidate as a therapeutic for human spinal cord injury.
The modern development in the agricultural production has huge influential factors being highly beneficial and also includes some health hazards. Under the class of chlorophenols, ...2,4,6-trichlorophenol is a widely used chemical which remains as a major pollutant in the environment. The detection of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was initiated as a controlling measure to decrease the seriousness prevailing in the ecosystem. The electrochemical and UV–vis absorption sensing platform are simple and low-cost detection techniques with precise and sensitive analysis. Cadmium tin oxide integrated with the reduced graphene oxide was employed as a nanohybrid for the construction of the working electrode. The structural and morphological analysis confirmed the high degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposite with nanorod formation. The high surface area, with high charge carrier mobility, and increased electrical conductivity of the material boosted the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol detection. The active surface area was calculated to be 0.068 cm−1, 0.089 cm−1, 0.118 cm−1 and 0.146 cm−1 for all the modified electrodes. The resistance of the electrodes was about 91.4 Ω, 72.9 Ω, 48.8 Ω and 41.6 Ω. The linear range of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was 0.019 μM–0.299 μM and 1.299 μM–1678.97 μM in electrochemical sensing and 10.99 μM–24.84 μM in UV detection. The obtained limit of detection with the formulation 3σ/SD was about 3.05 nM and 80 nM with sensitivity about 14.01 μA μM−1 cm−2. The real sample detection in environmental real samples showed good recovery results. The specific selectivity, good repeatability, reproducibility and stability analysis proves the good sensing parameters. Thus, the fabricated electrode is highly sufficient of sensing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. These excellent features of the material can be applied for several other applications which will provide good performances.
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•Binary n-n hetrostructured perovskite integrated with rGO was constructed.•The dual sensing of 2,4,6-TCP was capable with the catalyst cadmium tin oxide/rGO.•LOD 3.05 nM (DPV) and 80 nM (UV), and sensitivity about 14.01 μA μM−1 cm−2 was observed.•The spiked environmental samples showed good recovery results.
Recombinant Neuregulin (NRG)-1β has multiple beneficial effects on cardiac myocytes in culture, and has potential as a clinical therapy for heart failure (HF). A number of factors may influence the ...effect of NRG-1β on cardiac function via ErbB receptor coupling and expression. We examined the effect of the NRG-1β isoform, glial growth factor 2 (GGF2), in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) and determined the impact of high-fat diet as well as chronicity of disease on GGF2 induced improvement in left ventricular systolic function. Potential mechanisms for GGF2 effects on the remote myocardium were explored using microarray and proteomic analysis.
Rats with MI were randomized to receive vehicle, 0.625 mg/kg, or 3.25 mg/kg GGF2 in the presence and absence of high-fat feeding beginning at day 7 post-MI and continuing for 4 weeks. Residual left ventricular (LV) function was improved in both of the GGF2 treatment groups compared with the vehicle treated MI group at 4 weeks of treatment as assessed by echocardiography. High-fat diet did not prevent the effects of high dose GGF2. In experiments where treatment was delayed until 8 weeks after MI, high but not low dose GGF2 treatment was associated with improved systolic function. mRNA and protein expression analysis of remote left ventricular tissue revealed a number of changes in myocardial gene and protein expression altered by MI that were normalized by GGF2 treatment, many of which are involved in energy production.
This study demonstrates that in rats with MI induced systolic dysfunction, GGF2 treatment improves cardiac function. There are differences in sensitivity of the myocardium to GGF2 effects when administered early vs. late post-MI that may be important to consider in the development of GGF2 in humans.
Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have great potential in diverse electrochemical technologies owing to their unique characteristics. In the present work, we portray the design and synthesis of ...Vanadium selenide (V2Se9)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) forming a two-dimensional (2D) hybrid nanocomposite via a simple hydrothermal method. The successfully synthesized nanocomposite underwent in-depth surface and morphological characterizations by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, TEM, STEM and its potential as an electro catalyst was investigated by using glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the detection of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP). The structural features favored a high charge transfer ratio, high surface area as well as excellent conductivity and catalytic activity. The V2Se9/rGO/GCE modified electrode showed a low charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 54.057 Ω cm2, a decent detection limit (LOD) of 35.07 nM and a very high sensitivity of 22 μA μM−1 cm−2 in a working range of 0.001 μM–1150 μM. This is due to the active proton interaction, surface enhancement, and positive synergistic effect between rGO and V2Se9. The proposed sensor has good detection potential in agricultural soil, river water, fish, and beverage samples like wine and apple juice. The obtained results from our investigation would elucidate the application of the catalyst in electrochemical sensors.
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•Vanadium selenide (V2Se9) is prepared through facile hydrothermal process.•V2Se9 ultrasonically treated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) forming composite.•V2Se9/rGO is used for the first time in electrochemical sensor application.•2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) detection capacity using V2Se9/rGO is 35.07 nM.•The sensor showed a high sensitivity of 22 μA μM−1 cm−2 for TCP detection.
The exploration of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a two-dimensional (2D) metal-free polymer semiconducting material, is largely discussed due to its large specific surface area, high electrical ...conductivity, thermal stability, and adaptable electronic structure. The adaption of sulfur (S) and phosphorous (P) atoms into the layers of g-C3N4 increases the electrochemical performance of detecting nilutamide (NT). The aggregation severity can be decreased by integrating S/P into g-C3N4, thereby improving surface area and electrical conductance. The g-C3N4, S/gC3N4, P/g-C3N4, and S/P/g-C3N4 were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The well-assigned S/P/g-C3N4 exhibited a good crystalline structure with more active sites for improved electron transfer toward NT detection. Both differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry (IT) was studied for NT detection. The electrochemical studies were done with a linear range of 0.019–1.17 μM to 5.36–1891.98 μM in DPV and 0.01 μM–158.3 μM in IT technique. The attained limit of detection in DPV analysis was 3.2 nM and with IT analysis 2.4 nM. The nanocomposite S/P/g-C3N4 shows good selectivity towards NT. The fabricated electrode showed excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and stability, with a significant recovery range in real sample analysis.
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•The two-dimensional metal free polymeric material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was employed. in the present study.•To booster the performance of g-C3N4 sulfur (S) and phosphorous (P) were substituted into g-C3N4 carbon structure.•S/P/g-C3N4 with more active sites showed superior electrochemical performance towards nilutamide (NT) detection.•The fabricated electrode revealed good repeatability, reproducibility, stability for NT reduction analysis.•The composite material is more appropriate and enriched with more significant features opting good performances.
•g-C3N4/CeVO4/SPC electrode is used to determine anti-inflammatory mesalazine drug.•The g-C3N4/CeVO4/SPCE has shown a good sensitivity of 18.92 μA μM−1 cm−2.•A wide working range of 0.002−380 μM and ...LOD of 0.00547 μM is exhibited using DPV.•Real-time analysis is carried in biological and pharmaceutical samples.
Rare-earth metal vanadate has gained much interest in recent years due to its excellent catalytic properties and chemical stability in electrochemical sensors. In this study, we have explored the electrochemical activity of graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and hierarchical 3D cerium vanadate (CeVO4) by using screen printed carbon paste electrode (SPCE) for detection of mesalazine (MEZ). Successfully, g-C3N4 and CeVO4 were synthesized by using a simple hydrothermal process, and then to form a nanocomposite ultrasonication procedure is approached. To confirm the structural and morphological parameters X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is being utilized. The g-C3N4/CeVO4/SPCE modified electrode has exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance in detecting MEZ with lower Rct value and with the high active surface area when compared with other electrodes. The prepared sensor has shown good sensitivity 18.92 μA μM−1 cm−2 and with a huge working range of 0.002−380 μM, with a promising trace-level limit of detection of about 0.00547 μM by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Henceforth, g-C3N4/CeVO4/SPCE was carried out to subject real-time application in detecting MEZ in various biological, river water, and pharmaceutical samples which resulted in excellent recovery stating the chosen sensor is applicable in real-time analysis.
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