2D van der Waals heterostructures serve as a promising platform to exploit various physical phenomena in a diverse range of novel spintronic device applications. Efficient spin injection is the ...prerequisite for these devices. The recent discovery of magnetic 2D materials leads to the possibility of fully 2D van der Waals spintronics devices by implementing spin injection through the magnetic proximity effect (MPE). Here, the investigation of MPE in 2D graphene/CrBr3 van der Waals heterostructures is reported, which is probed by the Zeeman spin Hall effect through non‐local measurements. Quantitative estimation of the Zeeman splitting field demonstrates a significant MPE field even in a low magnetic field. Furthermore, the observed anomalous longitudinal resistance changes at the Dirac point RXX,D with increasing magnetic field near ν = 0 may be attributed to the MPE‐induced new ground state phases. This MPE revealed in the graphene/CrBr3 van der Waals heterostructures therefore provides a solid physics basis and key functionality for next‐generation 2D spin logic and memory devices.
The magnetic proximity effect (MPE) in 2D graphene/CrBr3 van der Waals heterostructures is probed by the Zeeman spin Hall effect via non‐local transport measurements; estimation of the Zeeman splitting energy demonstrates a significant magnetic proximity exchange field. The newly observed anomalous longitudinal resistances at the Dirac point with magnetic field may be attributed to the new phases of the ground state induced by MPE.
For over five centuries, the History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China, written by Spanish missionary Juan González de Mendoza and published in 1585 in Rome, has captured the interest of the ...international academic community. However, scholarship has primarily focused on Mendoza’s depiction of China as rich and powerful, potentially overlooking the evangelical purpose of his narrative and failing to explain the correlation between the positive Chinese image and the author’s evangelical intention. This study aims to clarify the image of China presented by the Spanish author through a detailed textual analysis, concluding that Mendoza portrayed China as a rich and great nation that also had misguided beliefs and was open to evangelization. The Spanish author’s identity as an Augustinian preacher and ambassador of King Philip II of Spain to the Ming dynasty of China, as well as the global and evangelistic social context in which he lived, significantly influenced his perceptions of China. Furthermore, his hybrid profile of China was accepted in Europe at the time and became a collective memory because it embodied the spiritual context shared by the European community in the 16th century. This spiritual purpose was achieved through the idealized imagination, which serves as an affective medium in the formation of collective memory.
Planar cell polarity (PCP), a process controlling coordinated, uniformly polarized cellular behaviors in a field of cells, has been identified to be critically required for many fundamental ...developmental processes. However, a global directional cue that establishes PCP in a three-dimensional tissue or organ with respect to the body axes remains elusive. In vertebrate, while Wnt-secreted signaling molecules have been implicated in regulating PCP in a β-catenin-independent manner, whether they function permissively or act as a global cue to convey directional information is not clearly defined. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism by which Wnt signal is transduced to core PCP proteins is largely unknown. In this chapter, I review the roles of Wnt signaling in regulating PCP during vertebrate development and update our knowledge of its regulatory mechanism.
Transition metal dichalcogenides have valley degree of freedom, which features optical selection rule and spin-valley locking, making them promising for valleytronics devices and quantum computation. ...For either application, a long valley polarization lifetime is crucial. Previous results showed that it is around picosecond in monolayer excitons, nanosecond for local excitons and tens of nanosecond for interlayer excitons. Here we show that the dark excitons in two-dimensional heterostructures provide a microsecond valley polarization memory thanks to the magnetic field induced suppression of valley mixing. The lifetime of the dark excitons shows magnetic field and temperature dependence. The long lifetime and valley polarization lifetime of the dark exciton in two-dimensional heterostructures make them promising for long-distance exciton transport and macroscopic quantum state generations.
Current vocational high school management practices suffer from low efficiency, mainly due to inadequate backing from pertinent educational theories. In this study, the POA concept is first used as a ...guideline for the innovation of the management mode of higher vocational education, and 30 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China are taken as the research objects. Then, based on the output and input indicators, we constructed the efficiency assessment system of education management, used the DEA model to make static measurements of education management efficiency in 2020-2022, and further analyzed the dynamic evolution trend of the efficiency of higher vocational education management by using the Malmquist index. According to the results, less than 50% of higher vocational colleges and universities are classified as non-DEA practical situations. For these higher vocational colleges and universities, their input redundancy and output insufficiency are analyzed, in which the two input indicators of total public expenditure and the number of administrative personnel of decision-making unit 1 are insufficient. The input insufficiency rate is 13.43% and 73.01%, respectively. According to the input and output of each higher vocational college or university, the corresponding solution measures are proposed to improve the efficiency of educational management of higher vocational.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) offer an immediate solution for emissions reduction and fuel displacement within the current infrastructure. Targeting PHEV powertrain optimization, a ...plethora of energy management strategies (EMSs) have been proposed. Although these algorithms present various levels of complexity and accuracy, they find a limitation in terms of availability of future trip information, which generally prevents exploitation of the full PHEV potential in real-life cycles. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of EMS evolution toward blended mode (BM) and optimal control, providing a thorough survey of the latest progress in optimization-based algorithms. This is performed in the context of connected vehicles and highlights certain contributions that intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), traffic information, and cloud computing can provide to enhance PHEV energy management. The study is culminated with an analysis of future trends in terms of optimization algorithm development, optimization criteria, PHEV integration in the smart grid, and vehicles as part of the fleet.
After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw=8.3), many mountain highway tunnels in the affected area were severely damaged. In order to improve the current knowledge about the seismic performance of ...mountain tunnels under strong earthquakes, a forensic investigation was conducted on 52 tunnels after the earthquake. Based on the seismic damage data, the damage level of the inspected tunnels was classified using a new damage evaluation criterion. Subsequently, typical seismic damage characteristics and mechanisms of mountain tunnels were analyzed based on three different damage patterns: damage to shallow tunnel, damage to deep-buried tunnel structure and damage to pavement. Finally, based on the relative displacement (RD) method, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed to investigate the deformation characteristics of the portal structure under a strong earthquake. The numerical results showed that the tunnel lining cross section exhibited an alternate tension–compression deformation at the diagonal directions, and the relative displacement value of the upper-structure (above the sidewall) was generally more than that of the lower-structure (under the sidewall). Three stress states of the lining were deduced from the numerical model, which provided a good interpretation for the seismic tunnel damages observed after the Wenchuan earthquake.
•Forensic investigation was conducted on 52 tunnels after the Wenchuan earthquake.•Damage level of tunnels was classified using a new damage evaluation criterion.•Three typical seismic damage mechanisms of mountain tunnels were analyzed.•Three stress states of lining were deduced to interpret seismic damage of tunnel.
Street dusts from Heavy Density Traffic Area, Residential Area, Educational Area and Tourism Area in Beijing, China, were collected to study the distribution, accumulation and health risk assessment ...of heavy metals. Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb concentrations were in higher concentrations in these four locations than in the local soil background. In comparison with the concentrations of selected metals in other cities, the concentrations of heavy metals in Beijing were generally at moderate or low levels. Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations in the Tourism Area were the highest among four different areas in Beijing. A pollution assessment by Geoaccumulation Index showed that the pollution level for the heavy metals is in the following order: Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni. The Cd levels can be considered “heavily contaminated” status. The health risk assessment model that was employed to calculate human exposure indicated that both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of selected metals in street dusts were generally in the low range, except for the carcinogenic risk from Cr for children.
•We examine heavy metals contents in dusts from different functional areas in Beijing.•Tourism Area may be a reservoir of heavy metals among different areas in Beijing.•Cu and Pb concentrations in street dusts have a considerable increasing tendency.•Cd is currently ranked as “heavily contaminated” level in street dusts of Beijing.•The carcinogenic risk of Cr for children should be paid more attention in Beijing.
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