•C3G could quench the fluorescence of BSA, Hb and Mb via static mechanism.•Secondary structure of BSA, Hb and Mb were changed by C3G proved via spectroscopy.•Heme bands of Hb and Mb were also ...influenced after the addition of C3G.
We studied the binding of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) with bovine serum albumin (BSA), hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb), using multi-spectral techniques and molecular modeling. Fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence studies suggested that C3G quenched BSA, Hb or Mb fluorescence in a static mode with binding constants of 4.159, 0.695 and 1.545×104Lmol−1 at 308K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters represented hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces dominated the binding. Furthermore, CD, UV–vis, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra results indicated the secondary structures of BSA, Hb and Mb were partially destroyed by C3G with the α-helix percentage of C3G-Hb and C3G-Mb decreased while that of C3G-BSA was increased. UV–vis spectral results showed these binding interactions partially affected the heme bands of Hb and Mb. In addition, molecular modeling analysis supported the experimental results well. The calculated results of equilibrium fraction showed that the concentration of free C3G in plasma was high enough to be stored and transported from the circulatory system to reach their target sites to provide their therapeutic effects.
Control Issues of KKLT Gao, Xin; Hebecker, Arthur; Junghans, Daniel
Fortschritte der Physik,
December 2020, Letnik:
68, Številka:
11-12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We analyze to which extent the KKLT proposal for the construction of de Sitter vacua in string theory is quantitatively controlled. Our focus is on the quality of the 10d supergravity approximation. ...As our main finding, we uncover and quantify an issue which one may want to call the “singular‐bulk problem”. In particular, we show that, requiring the curvature to be small in the conifold region, one is generically forced into a regime where the warp factor becomes negative in a significant part of the Calabi‐Yau orientifold. This implies true singularities, independent of the familiar, string‐theoretically controlled singularities of this type in the vicinity of O‐planes. We also discuss possible escape routes as well as other control issues, related to the need for a large tadpole and hence for a complicated topology.
In this paper it is analyzed to which extent the KKLT proposal for the construction of de Sitter vacua in string theory is quantitatively controlled. The focus is on the quality of the 10d supergravity approximation. As main finding, the authors uncover and quantify an issue which one may want to call the “singular‐bulk problem”. In particular, it is shown that, requiring the curvature to be small in the conifold region, one is generically forced into a regime where the warp factor becomes negative in a significant part of the Calabi‐Yau orientifold. This implies true singularities, independent of the familiar, string‐theoretically controlled singularities of this type in the vicinity of O‐planes. There is also a discussion about possible escape routes as well as other control issues, related to the need for a large tadpole and hence for a complicated topology.
Ahmed et al. (2023) has initiated the readers into a good study of certain homoclinic breathers and rational solitons for a (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear soliton equation in the shallow water. ...Nevertheless, this Letter highlights the existence of a (3+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear evolution system for the shallow water waves, which fully covers the aforementioned equation. For that generalized system, based on the computerized symbolic computation and singular manifold, this Letter accomplishes an auto-Bäcklund transformation coupled with some solitons beyond the travelling waves. Results are associated with the coefficients in that generalized system.
•Existence of a (3+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear evolution system for the shallow water waves.•That generalized system fully covering the equation in Ahmed et al. (2023).•Studying that generalized system with symbolic computation and singular manifold.•Accomplishing an auto-Backlund transformation with some solitons beyond the travelling waves.
•The differences of AOs obtained by chemical and enzymatic degradation.•The summary of separation, purification methods, and structure of AOs.•The summary of series of biological activities of AOs ...like antioxidant, etc.•Correlation between biological activities of AOs with Mw, DP and sulfate group.
Agar, a gelatinous polysaccharide which is in the cell wall of many red algae, is widely used as food and gelling agent. Agar oligosaccharides (AOs), the hydrolysate of agar, show much more kinds of bio-activities because of its lower molecular weight, better water solubility and higher absorption efficiency. It is indicated that AOs with different structure and degree of polymerization, i.e. series of agaro-oligosaccharides and neoagaro-oligosaccharides, can be obtained under different preparation conditions. In addition, the biological activities of AOs are diversely and closely correlated to the composition and structure. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the preparation, structural characteristics and bio-activities of AOs, so as to provide a reference for applications of AOs as marine natural products in pharmacological, cosmetics and nutraceutical fields.
Fusarium stalk rot (FSR) caused by Fusarium graminearum (FG) significantly affects the productivity of maize grain crops. Application of agrochemicals to control the disease is harmful to ...environment. In this regard, use of biocontrol agent (BCA) is an alternative to agrochemicals. Although Trichoderma species are known as BCA, the selection of host-pathogen specific Trichoderma is essential for the successful field application. Hence, we screened a total of 100 Trichoderma isolates against FG, selected Trichoderma harzianum (CCTCC-RW0024) for greenhouse experiments and studied its effect on changes of maize rhizosphere microbiome and biocontrol of FSR. The strain CCTCC-RW0024 displayed high antagonistic activity (96.30%), disease reduction (86.66%), biocontrol-related enzyme and gene expression. The root colonization of the strain was confirmed by eGFP tagging and qRT-PCR analysis. Pyrosequencing revealed that exogenous inoculation of the strain in maize rhizosphere increased the plant growth promoting acidobacteria (18.4%), decreased 66% of FG, and also increased the plant growth. In addition, metabolites of this strain could interact with pathogenicity related transcriptional cofactor FgSWi6, thereby contributing to its inhibition. It is concluded that T. harzianum strain CCTCC-RW0024 is a potential BCA against FSR.
Diabetes Mellitus is an increasingly prevalent chronic disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize glucose. The objective of this study was to build an effective predictive model with ...high sensitivity and selectivity to better identify Canadian patients at risk of having Diabetes Mellitus based on patient demographic data and the laboratory results during their visits to medical facilities.
Using the most recent records of 13,309 Canadian patients aged between 18 and 90 years, along with their laboratory information (age, sex, fasting blood glucose, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein), we built predictive models using Logistic Regression and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) techniques. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC) was used to evaluate the discriminatory capability of these models. We used the adjusted threshold method and the class weight method to improve sensitivity - the proportion of Diabetes Mellitus patients correctly predicted by the model. We also compared these models to other learning machine techniques such as Decision Tree and Random Forest.
The AROC for the proposed GBM model is 84.7% with a sensitivity of 71.6% and the AROC for the proposed Logistic Regression model is 84.0% with a sensitivity of 73.4%. The GBM and Logistic Regression models perform better than the Random Forest and Decision Tree models.
The ability of our model to predict patients with Diabetes using some commonly used lab results is high with satisfactory sensitivity. These models can be built into an online computer program to help physicians in predicting patients with future occurrence of diabetes and providing necessary preventive interventions. The model is developed and validated on the Canadian population which is more specific and powerful to apply on Canadian patients than existing models developed from US or other populations. Fasting blood glucose, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides were the most important predictors in these models.
The article considers the issue of the peculiarities and methods of translating phraseological units from Chinese using the example of Mo Yan’s postmodernist novel “Life and Death are wearing me ...out”. The purpose of this article is to analyze the linguo-culturological approach when translating phraseological units with the elements of national culture, as well as to consider the methods of translating phraseological units both in the process of inter-lingual and intercultural communication. The linguo-culturological aspect is presented in the literary text in various ways, primarily in the form of vocabulary where you can meet a linguo-cultural or national-specific component. Phraseology contains a national-cultural component in its semantics and it also has cross-cultural value. Both in Chinese and in Russian, these set expressions have a vivid emotional coloring and clearly reflect a particular linguistic trait of the people.
Despite huge efforts made in academic and pharmaceutical worldwide research, current anticancer therapies achieve effective treatment in a limited number of neoplasia cases only. Oncology terms such ...as big killers - to identify tumours with yet a high mortality rate - or undruggable cancer targets, and chemoresistance, represent the current therapeutic debacle of cancer treatments. In addition, metastases, tumour microenvironments, tumour heterogeneity, metabolic adaptations, and immunotherapy resistance are essential features controlling tumour response to therapies, but still, lack effective therapeutics or modulators. In this scenario, where the pharmaceutical productivity and drug efficacy in oncology seem to have reached a plateau, the so-called drug repurposing - i.e. the use of old drugs, already in clinical use, for a different therapeutic indication - is an appealing strategy to improve cancer therapy. Opportunities for drug repurposing are often based on occasional observations or on time-consuming pre-clinical drug screenings that are often not hypothesis-driven. In contrast, in-silico drug repurposing is an emerging, hypothesis-driven approach that takes advantage of the use of big-data. Indeed, the extensive use of -omics technologies, improved data storage, data meaning, machine learning algorithms, and computational modeling all offer unprecedented knowledge of the biological mechanisms of cancers and drugs’ modes of action, providing extensive availability for both disease-related data and drugs-related data. This offers the opportunity to generate, with time and cost-effective approaches, computational drug networks to predict, in-silico, the efficacy of approved drugs against relevant cancer targets, as well as to select better responder patients or disease’ biomarkers.
Here, we will review selected disease-related data together with computational tools to be exploited for the in-silico repurposing of drugs against validated targets in cancer therapies, focusing on the oncogenic signaling pathways activation in cancer. We will discuss how in-silico drug repurposing has the promise to shortly improve our arsenal of anticancer drugs and, likely, overcome certain limitations of modern cancer therapies against old and new therapeutic targets in oncology.
The study of topology in elastic media has been primarily focused on achieving non-trivial topological states in discrete elastic lattices through active or chiral microscopic interactions. ...Realization of such topological states in continuous elastic media remains largely unexplored. In this study, a new continuum theory of micropolar gyroelasticity is developed and applied to attain non-trivial topological boundary states in elastic continua. According to the new theory, an elastic continuum is composed of elastically interacting micro-volume elements that can translate and rotate and are connected at their mass centers to gyroscopes, which contribute to the linear and orbital angular momenta but not to the spin angular momentum of the continuum. By applying this micropolar gyroelasticity theory to elastic media with both periodic and finite domains, the emergence of topological boundary states in 2D micropolar gyroelastic continua is demonstrated. Through using the Floquet–Bloch method for periodic domains, the bulk-boundary correspondence is analytically established, and the emergence of non-trivial topological bulk states characterized by Mexican-hat band structures is observed. In addition, by employing an asymptotic analytical model based on the extended Bloch theorem and performing numerical analyses of micropolar gyroelastic continua with finite domains of different geometries, it is shown that the non-trivial Mexican-hat band structure is associated with and provides protection for topological boundary states confined at the boundaries. Finally, the application of the newly developed micropolar gyroelasticity theory to Zinc-blende structured materials (including ZnTe, GaP, InP and ZnS) reveals that the emergence of the topological boundary states in an elastic continuum is not triggered solely by the gyroscopic effect but also depends on the material properties of the micropolar continuum. This study provides new insights into extending notions and methods of topology to analyze elastic continua, paving the way for the practical implementation of topological mechanical systems in various engineering applications.
•A new theory of micropolar gyroelasticity is developed to attain non-trivial topological boundary states in continua.•The emergence of topological boundary states in 2D continua is shown for elastic media with periodic and finite domains.•The bulk-boundary correspondence is established, and the emergence of non-trivial topological bulk states is observed.•The non-trivial Mexican-hat band structure provides protection for topological boundary states confined at the boundaries.•The emergence of the topological boundary states depends on both the gyroscopic effect and properties of the continuum.
Three novel wideband balanced-to-unbalanced filtering power dividers based on coupled lines are proposed in this paper. Multifunctional power dividers can replace various cascaded single devices to ...decrease integration mismatching loss and circuit size. The wideband response can be easily realized by the coupled lines structures. To further improve the differential-mode passband selectivity, open/shorted coupled lines and half-wavelength open stubs are applied to introduce two transmission zeros near the passband, respectively. In addition, a resistor in the middle of two single-ended ports can be used to realize isolation between out ports. To verify the proposed concepts, three prototypes of wideband balanced-to-unbalanced filtering power dividers operating at 2 GHz are designed and fabricated with the 4-dB differential-mode bandwidths of 80.5%, 71.5%, and 80%. All the structures show good performances for differential-mode out-of-band suppression, common-mode suppression, and isolation.
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