•Wave processes in oceanography, acoustics and hydrodynamics are taken into account.•Extended coupled (2+1)-dimensional Burgers system is investigated.•Bell polynomials, scaling transformation and ...symbolic computation are used.•Hetero-Backlund transformations are structured.•Bilinear forms and solitons are constructed.
In oceanography, acoustics and hydrodynamics, people pay attention to the Burgers-type equations for different wave processes, one of which is an extended coupled (2+1)-dimensional Burgers system hereby under investigation. Based on the scaling transformation, Bell polynomials, Hirota operators and symbolic computation, we structure out two hetero-Bäcklund transformations, each of which to a solvable linear partial differential equation, and construct two sets of the bilinear forms, with the relevant one- and two-soliton solutions. Results rely on the coefficients in the original system.
•Early Cretaceous magmatism in southern margin of the NCC related to extension.•Partial melting and magma mixing processes in the genesis of granites.•Isotopic composition shows multiple sources in ...the origin of Cretaceous granites.•Lithospheric thinning caused by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate.
Late Mesozoic granitoids are ubiquitous in the southern margin of the North China Craton and are keys to the understanding of the Mesozoic geological evolution. The early Cretaceous Funiushan granitic pluton in the southern margin of the North China Craton is composed of porphyritic biotite monzogranites. Rocks from the Funiushan pluton have high SiO2 (64.45–73.98wt.%), Na2O (3.19–4.67wt.%) and K2O (3.76–7.95wt.%) and low MgO (0.11–1.34wt.%). They are enriched in Rb, Ba, Th, U and LREE ((La/Yb)N=9.63–45.0), and depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti and P, and have negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.29–0.72). This geochemical feature is similar to those of typical I-type granites. Zircons from the granites were dated using LA-ICP-MS and SIMS, and yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 115–131Ma. They have εHf(t) values mainly vary from −17.7 to +0.9 and TDMC ages mainly from 2301 to 1118Ma. Whole rock εNd(t) values range from −20.3 to −9.6 and TDM ages from 1.49 to 2.29Ga, indicating that the magma was produced by partial melting of the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic crustal rocks, as represented by the Taihua Group basement rocks, with minor involvement of mantle-derived melts. The Funiushan pluton is considered to have been formed through a strong crust-mantle interaction process under a low pressure condition in an extensional setting, due to the lithospheric thinning caused by westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic crust.
To initiate transcription, the holoenzyme (RNA polymerase RNAP in complex with σ factor) loads the promoter DNA via the flexible loading gate created by the clamp and β-lobe, yet their roles in DNA ...loading have not been characterized. We used a quasi-Markov State Model (qMSM) built from extensive molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the dynamics of
holoenzyme's gate opening. We showed that during gate opening, β-lobe oscillates four orders of magnitude faster than the clamp, whose opening depends on the Switch 2's structure. Myxopyronin, an antibiotic that binds to Switch 2, was shown to undergo a conformational selection mechanism to inhibit clamp opening. Importantly, we reveal a critical but undiscovered role of β-lobe, whose opening is sufficient for DNA loading even when the clamp is partially closed. These findings open the opportunity for the development of antibiotics targeting β-lobe of RNAP. Finally, we have shown that our qMSMs, which encode non-Markovian dynamics based on the generalized master equation formalism, hold great potential to be widely applied to study biomolecular dynamics.
Methylammonium (MA) is one of the main obstacles that hold back the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite is a promising photovoltaic material due to ...its higher thermal stability and smaller bandgap. However, despite the introduction of Cs+ in FAPbI3, the photoactive α-phase FAPbI3 can quickly transform into a non-perovskite hexagonal phase δ-FAPbI3, which limits its use in perovskite solar cells. In this work, we show that the dispersion of 2D (PEA)2PbI4 nanosheets into a Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 thin film successfully prevents the transformation of the α-phase Cs0.1FA0.9PbI3 to the δ-phase. Because of the 2D (PEA)2PbI4 nanosheets, a higher quality perovskite thin-film was obtained with a longer carrier lifetime, lower trap state density, and enhanced stability. The resulting device achieves a high power conversion efficiency of 20.44%, which is one of the highest for MA-free perovskites and retains 82% of its initial efficiency after 800 h of aging study.
Background. The association between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and macrophage remains to be deeply explored. Methods. Gene expression profiles and clinical variable characteristics of AML patients ...were collected from TCGA, GEO, and TARGET databases. Consensus clustering was employed to construct the macrophage-related clusters. The macrophage-related index (MRI) was constructed using the LASSO and multivariate Cox analysis. The GSE71014 and TARGET datasets were utilized as external validation sets. Single-cell sequencing data for AML (GSE116256) was adopted to analyze modeled gene expression levels in cells. Results. Two macrophage-related clusters with different prognostic and immune infiltration characteristics were constructed in AML. Cluster B had a poorer prognosis, more cancer-promoting pathway enrichment, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Relied on the MRI, patients of different groups showed different levels of immune infiltration, different mutations, and prognoses. LGALS1 and BCL2A1 may play roles in promoting cancer in AML, while ELANE may have a significant effect on suppressing cancer. Conclusion. Macrophage-related genes (MRGs) had significant impacts on the occurrence and progression of AML. MRI may better evaluate the prognosis and immune features of AML patients.
Exosomes are lipid membrane bilayer-encapsulated vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space. They carry abundant inclusions (such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) that play ...pivotal roles in intercellular communication. Tumor stem cells are capable of self-renewal and are crucial for survival, proliferation, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. The miRNAs (microRNAs) in exosomes have various functions, such as participating in inflammatory response, cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tumor stem cells secrete exosomes that act as important messengers involved in various tumor processes and several studies provide increasing evidence supporting the importance of these exosomes in tumor recurrence and metastasis. This review primarily focuses on the production and secretion of exosomes from tumors and tumor stem cells and their effects on cancer progression. Cancer stem cancer derived exosome play an important massager in the tumor microenvironment. It also emphasizes on the study of tumor stem cell exosomes in the light of cancer metastasis and recurrence aiming to provide valuable insights and novel perspectives, which could be beneficial for developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.
The taxonomy and evolutionary history of
L., a genus with high economic and medicinal value, remain uncertain due to the absence of genetic resource (especially in China) and low polymorphism of ...molecular markers. Our aim was to elucidate the molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships in chloroplast genomes of
species in the early-diverging legume subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae). We reported nine
chloroplast genome from China using Illumina sequencing. We performed a series of analyses with previously published genomes of
species to investigate their genomic characteristics, identified simple sequence repeats, large repeat sequences, tandem repeats, and highly polymorphic loci. The genomes were 152,953-158,087 bp in length, and contained 111-113 unique genes, including 76-78 protein coding, 31 tRNA, and 4 rRNA. The expansion of inverted repeat boundary of
resulted in
entering into the LSC region and loss of
-
gene in some species. Also, we found an approximately 23 kb inversion between
and
within the genus. In addition, we identified seven highly polymorphic loci (pi (π) > 0.035) suitable for inferring the phylogeny of
species. Among these, three regions also co-occurred with large repeat sequences and support use of repeats as a proxy for the identification of polymorphic loci. Based on whole chloroplast genome and protein-coding sequences data-set, a well-supported phylogenetic tree of
and related taxa showed that this genus is monophyletic, but sect.
and sect.
, are incongruent with traditional taxonomic classifications based on fruit morphology. Our finding provides significant genetic resources to support further investigation into the phylogenetic relationship and evolution of the genus
.
On May 3, 2019, the FDA granted regular approval to ado-trastuzumab emtansine (KADCYLA), for the adjuvant treatment of patients with HER2-positive early-breast cancer (EBC) who have residual invasive ...disease after neoadjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy and trastuzumab-based treatment. Approval was based on data from the KATHERINE trial, which randomized patients to receive ado-trastuzumab emtansine or trastuzumab. At 3 years, the event-free rate for invasive disease-free survival in the ado-trastuzumab emtansine arm was 88.3% 95% confidence interval (CI), 85.8-90.7 compared with 77.0% (95% CI, 73.8-80.7) in the trastuzumab arm, (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39-0.64;
< 0.0001). Results from secondary endpoints, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses generally supported the primary efficacy endpoint results. Common adverse reactions (>25% and higher incidence in ado-trastuzumab emtansine arm) with ado-trastuzumab emtansine were fatigue, nausea, increased transaminases, musculoskeletal pain, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, headache, peripheral neuropathy, and arthralgia. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is the first drug approved for the treatment of patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment and surgery. This article summarizes the FDA review and the data supporting the approval of ado-trastuzumab emtansine as a component of treatment for patients with HER2-positive EBC with residual disease.
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