To evaluate the nutritional composition of food vending machines (VM) located in university public buildings and hospitals in Asturias.
Descriptive cross-sectional study.
The analysis was made of the ...contents of VMs located in public buildings, hospitals, and university teaching centres in the Principality of Asturias.
After the public buildings were mapped, each of them was visited to check for the presence of the VMs. A a photograph was then taken of the food contained in them. The variables analysed were the type of products and their nutritional composition.
The VMs of 19 buildings (12 university and 7 hospital), contained 215 foods that were grouped into 11 categories. The most frequent were "chocolates and chocolate bars" (30,2%), "cookies" (11.6%) and "chips" (11.6%). The Kcal average was 216 (SD=133.1). The mean fat, in grams was 12.52 (SD=11.21), saturated fat 4.48 (SD=3,83), sugars 11.88 (SD=31.13), fibre 1.9 (SD=2.47), proteins 3.38 (SD=3.62), and salt 0.3 (SD=0.62). A high excess of fat, saturated fat, and salt was observed, as well as a medium excess of sugars.
The nutritional quality of VM in hospitals and public university centres of the Principality of Asturias cannot be defined as healthy. Therefore, health promotion strategies could be developed with the aim of improving their nutritional composition or guiding the population/users towards the selection and consumption of healthier foods.
Orientation of reagents is a key step in the construction of immunosensors. When the immunoreagent is a recombinant protein, this can be achieved by employing hexahistidine tags. The orientation of ...recombinant histidine-tagged Fab fragments of monoclonal anti-pneumolysin antibodies on gold films is evaluated. Using histidine as a chelator of Ni or employing an anti-polyhistidine antibody for capturing the His
6 residue is considered. Measurements are based in the signal of indigo, which comes from the hydrolysis of 3-indoxylphosphate by alkaline phosphatase (AP). The attachment of the enzyme occurs through the interaction of biotin with AP-labelled streptavidin or employing AP-conjugated immunoreagents. In the case of the interaction Ni-histidine, for the study of the self-assembling process a His-tagged and biotinylated protein (His
6-GST-B) was employed. General conditions were studied and non-specific adsorption was avoided with the use of 1-hexanethiol. Improvements of the signal compared with the direct adsorption were only achieved by the use of histidine capturing antibodies. With an optimised ratio anti-polyhis:His
6-Fab the signal increases approximately a 100%. Precision is adequate and the response is linear with the concentration of pneumolysin between 0.1 and 10
ng/mL.
Our objective was to assess the therapeutic noninferiority of dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir and lamivudine compared to triple therapy with darunavir/ritonavir plus 2 nucleos(t)ides for ...maintenance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suppression.
This was a multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial (margin 12%). Patients with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL for 6 months or longer on triple therapy with darunavir/ritonavir and 2 nucleos(t)ides (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine or abacavir and lamivudine) and with no resistance were randomized to continue therapy (n = 128) or switch to darunavir/ritonavir and lamivudine (n = 129). The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL after 48 weeks of follow-up according to the snapshot algorithm.
A total of 249 participants received study drugs (intention-to-treat exposed). The proportion of participants with HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL in the dual- and triple-therapy arms was 88.9% (112/126) and 92.7% (114/123; difference, -3.8%; 95% confidence interval, -11.0 to 3.4), respectively. Four participants in the dual-therapy arm and 2 in the triple-therapy arm developed protocol-defined virological failure. Switching to dual therapy was associated with a significant increase in total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, but not in the total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio. Serious adverse events and study drug discontinuations due to adverse events occurred in 4.8% vs 4.9%P = .97) and in 0.8% (1/126) vs 1.6% P = .55) in dual therapy vs triple therapy, respectively.
Dual therapy with darunavir/ritonavir and lamivudine demonstrated noninferior therapeutic efficacy and similar tolerability compared to triple therapy.
NCT02159599.
The efficacy of ustekinumab and vedolizumab for treating complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease has been barely studied. We aimed to assess treatment persistence, clinical remission, and safety ...of these drugs in this context.
Crohn's disease patients who had received ustekinumab or vedolizumab for the indication of active complex perianal fistula, were included. Clinical remission was defined according to Fistula Drainage Assessment Index (no drainage through the fistula upon gentle pressure) based on physicians’ assessment.
Of 155 patients, 136 received ustekinumab, and 35 vedolizumab (16 received both). Median follow-up for ustekinumab was 27 months. Among those on ustekinumab, 54 % achieved remission, and within this group, 27 % relapsed during follow-up. The incidence rate of relapse was 11 % per patient-year. Multivariate analysis found no variables associated with treatment discontinuation or relapse. Median follow-up time for patients receiving vedolizumab was 19 months. Remission was achieved in 46 % of the patients receiving vedolizumab, and among them, 20 % relapsed during follow-up. The incidence rate of relapse was 7 % per patient-year. Adverse events were mild in 6 % on ustekinumab and 8 % on vedolizumab.
Ustekinumab and vedolizumab appear effective, achieving remission in around half of complex perianal fistula patients, with favorable safety profiles.
To compare the efficacy, tolerability and safety of bromfenac 0.09%, nepafenac 0.1% or diclofenac 0.1% for the prophylaxis of the cystoid macular edema (CME) after phacoemulsification.
Group ...sequential observational comparative study. After phacoemulsification, patients received two months for topical treatment of either diclofenac sodium, bromfenac or nepafenac. All patients received concomitant topical tobramycin 0.3% and topical prednisolone 1%. We measured CME using optical coherence tomography (OCT) central foveal thickness, macular thickness and total macular volume.
We enrolled 243 patients from January to June 2015, and 35% received diclofenac, 32.9% bromfenac and 32.1% nepafenac. When we compared pre-operative to three weeks to two months, bromfenac was more effective in reducing foveal volume (21.3 and 35.4 mm
, respectively), compared with the diclofenac (1.3 and 11.5 mm
, respectively), and the nepafenac group, became more edematous 6.4 and 5.3, respectively. Totally 133 patients completed the post-surgical satisfaction questionnaire. Patients complained of eye stickiness in 13.8% whom we gave nepafenac, versus 10.3% whom we gave diclofenac sodium, and in 0 whom we gave bromfenac.
Bromfenac is the best tolerated and is more effective than diclofenac and nepafenac in reducing CME after phacoemulsification.
Marine conservation design and fisheries management are increasingly integrating biophysical, socio-economic and governance considerations. Integrative approaches are adopted to achieve more ...effective, equitable, inclusive, and robust marine policies and practices. This paper describes a participatory process to co-produce biophysical, socio-economic, and governance principles to guide the design and management of marine reserves in three regions of Mexico: the Pacific region of the Baja California Peninsula, the Gulf of California, and the Mexican Caribbean. The process of co-producing the principles included convening a coordination team, reviewing the science, convening multi-stakeholder workshops, developing and communicating the principles with key practitioners and policy makers, and supporting uptake and application to policy and practice. Biophysical principles were related to: habitat representation and risk spreading; protecting critical, special and unique areas; incorporating connectivity; allowing time for recovery; adapting to changes in climate and ocean chemistry; and considering threats and opportunities. Socio-economic principles focused on: integrating the social context, local aspirations, and human-environment interactions; considering economic and non-economic uses, promoting an equitable distribution of costs and benefits, and respecting and maintaining cultural identity and diversity. Governance principles prioritized establishing and ensuring legitimacy and institutional continuity; implementing collaborative and adaptive management; and, promoting effective management. The paper also examines early efforts to implement the principles, next steps to promote further uptake and application in Mexico, and lessons learned from the process. Thus it provides insights into a practical process and a set of principles that are valuable to inform marine conservation and fisheries management processes elsewhere.
In 2016, the Spanish Research Group on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) (GEIDIS) established a national registry with participation of 66 hospitals to collect information on clinical characteristics ...and long-term outcomes of BPD infants into adulthood. The aim of this observational study is to examine forced spirometry data in early childhood and to assess their correlation with the respiratory support required at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The study analyzed data from preterm infants with BPD born between January 2016 and December 2017 who underwent forced spirometry at 5-7 years of age. Statistical analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between spirometry results, perinatal factors, and the required respiratory support at 36 weeks PMA. The study involved 143 patients with a median gestational age (GA) of 27.3 weeks (range 25.7-28.7) and a median weight of 880 g (range 740-1135). Abnormal spirometry results were observed in 39.2% (56) of the patients. Among patients diagnosed with BPD type 3, those requiring over 30% oxygen at 36 weeks PMA exhibited an increased risk of abnormal spirometry results (OR 4.48; 95% CI 1.11-18.13) compared to those requiring positive pressure with less than 30% oxygen. In addition, this subgroup had a higher risk of developing a restrictive-mixed pattern compared to those with BPD type 1 (OR 10.65; 95% CI 2.06-54.98) and BPD type 2 (OR 6.76; 95% CI 1.09-42.06). No significant differences were found in the incidence of an obstructive pattern between BPD types. Conclusion: The requirement of more than 30% oxygen at 36 weeks PMA serves as a risk indicator for pulmonary function impairment in school-aged children with BPD. These findings suggest persistent airway and parenchymal injury in this specific patient population, and highlight the importance of careful monitoring to evaluate their long-term effects on lung function. What is Known: • Premature patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) may present abnormalities in pulmonary function tests during school age. However, the predictive accuracy of consensus BPD severity classification remains uncertain. What is New: • The requirement of more than 30% oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) indicates a potential risk of pulmonary function impairment in school-aged children with BPD. Additionally, a significant correlation has been observed between a restrictive-mixed pattern with exposure to mechanical ventilation and the development of severe forms of BPD.
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