BACKGROUNDAmong the parental cognitions explaining maladaptive parenting, attributions about a child’s misbehavior seem important. However, there is little research on neglectful parents, and the ...different patterns of parental attributions associated with child abuse and child neglect are still underexplained. The current study examines parental attributions associated with child abuse and child neglect.METHODMothers ( N = 218) were asked to evaluate vignettes describing child transgressions, half of which were followed by situational information. Child abuse and child neglect were evaluated through mothers’ and professionals’ reports.RESULTSPreliminary results indicated that the child’s age and maternal socioeconomic status were significantly correlated with attributions and child abuse and neglect scores and thus were controlled in the models. The results from hierarchical regressions indicated that dispositional attributions were associated with higher abuse scores (reported by mothers), even in the presence of situational information. Likewise, dispositional attributions were associated with higher neglect scores (reported by professionals), but the effect was no longer significant in the presence of situational information.CONCLUSIONSThese findings contribute to the current socio-cognitive approaches to child maltreatment and provide relevant input for understanding the different attributional mechanisms underlying child abuse and neglect.
Social images are defined as prevailing shared ideas about specific groups or societies without concrete or objective evidence of their accuracy or truthfulness. These images frequently have a ...negative impact on individuals and groups. Although of outmost importance, the study of the social images of youth in residential care is still scarce. In this article we present two studies for the development and validation of the Social Images Evaluation Questionnaire (SIEQ). In study 1, participants were asked to freely generate words that could be associated to youth in residential care in order to obtain a list of attributes to be used in the SIEQ. In study 2, the main psychometric characteristics of the SIEQ were tested with samples of laypeople and professionals. The main results support the proposal of a new and psychometrically sound measurement-the SIEQ-to analyze the social images of youth in residential care.
Nas últimas décadas, a comunidade científica tem assistido a um incremento exponencial na divulgação de ciência, com novas revistas lançadas anualmente e milhares de trabalhos de pesquisa publicados ...em vários domínios científicos entre os quais a Psicologia. No entanto, se por um lado é através da acumulação de conhecimento que a ciência avança, por outro, esse conhecimento deve ser integrado no sentido de informar a investigação, a prática e os decisores políticos.As revisões sistemáticas da literatura constituem um valioso método para dar sentido a grandes corpos de informação sobre um determinado tópico, sumariar a investigação acumulada e avaliar a robustez dos seus resultados. Assim, e atendendo à importância que as revisões sistemáticas de literatura têm na acumulação e divulgação do conhecimento, é importante que sejam conduzidas através de métodos estruturados que permitam identificar, sintetizar e avaliar todos os estudos relevantes para responder a uma pergunta específica.Neste artigo apresentam-se diferentes perspetivas e orientações sobre a condução de uma revisão sistemática da literatura no domínio da Psicologia, discutem-se os desafios associados a este método e procura-se facilitar cada etapa da condução da revisão sistemática através da apresentação de instrumentos e procedimentos recomendados na literatura.
Previous research revealed that mouth movements influence attitudes. Covert subvocal articulations inducing muscular contractions resembling ingestion movements were preferred over expectoration‐like ...movements, unveiling a relationship between vocal muscles' wandering and motivational states such as approach and avoidance. These findings, explained in terms of embodied cognition, suggest that specific movements are directly connected to, and more importantly, automatically activate concordant motivational states. The oral approach‐avoidance effect was replicated using the original stimulus set and a new set of stimulus developed for Portuguese. Results from two high‐powered (total N = 407), independent replications, revealed that the preference for inward words (over outwards) exists in both sets but to a greater extent in the pool phonetically adapted for Portuguese.
Child maltreatment has been recently examined from a cognitive-behavioral perspective. The Social Information Processing (SIP) model specifies how parental cognitions can be associated with child ...physical abuse and neglect and suggests that maltreating parents do not adequately respond to the child’s needs due to errors/bias in the cognitive processing of child-related information.
This study provides two separate meta-analytic reviews of research exploring the role of parents’ socio-cognitive variables in shaping child physical abuse and child neglect, identifying the association of each SIP stage to these types of maltreatment.
After a four-phase systematic literature search based in PRISMA with inter-judges’ agreement, 130 effect sizes were extracted from the 51 studies selected.
Overall, the effect sizes of the four cognitive stages of the model were significant for physical abuse and ranged from small (r = .190 for parents’ interpretations of children’s signals) to moderate (r = .315 for parents’ perceptions of children’s signals). Regarding neglect, only the overall effect of parent’s preexisting schemata was significant but small in magnitude (r = .231).
The results of these multilevel meta-analyses support the general hypothesis that physically abusive parents may incur in biases in processing child-related information, but further research is still required regarding neglect. Theoretically this work is likely to provide a more solid framework to understand parental cognitions underlying child maltreatment with potential implications for evaluation and intervention with maltreating or at-risk parents.
Music is a ubiquitous stimulus known to influence human affect, cognition, and behavior. In the context of eating behavior, music has been associated with food choice, intake and, more recently, ...taste perception. In the latter case, the literature has reported consistent patterns of association between auditory and gustatory attributes, suggesting that individuals reliably recognize taste attributes in musical stimuli. This study presents subjective norms for a new set of 100 instrumental music stimuli, including basic taste correspondences (sweetness, bitterness, saltiness, sourness), emotions (joy, anger, sadness, fear, surprise), familiarity, valence, and arousal. This stimulus set was evaluated by 329 individuals (83.3% women;
M
age
= 28.12,
SD
= 12.14), online (
n
= 246) and in the lab (
n
= 83). Each participant evaluated a random subsample of 25 soundtracks and responded to self-report measures of mood and taste preferences, as well as the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI). Each soundtrack was evaluated by 68 to 97 participants (
Mdn
= 83), and descriptive results (means, standard deviations, and confidence intervals) are available as supplemental material at
osf.io/2cqa5
. Significant correlations between taste correspondences and emotional/affective dimensions were observed (e.g., between sweetness ratings and pleasant emotions). Sex, age, musical sophistication, and basic taste preferences presented few, small to medium associations with the evaluations of the stimuli. Overall, these results suggest that the new Taste & Affect Music Database is a relevant resource for research and intervention with musical stimuli in the context of crossmodal taste perception and other affective, cognitive, and behavioral domains.
Sounds are important sensory cues for food perception and acceptance. We developed and validated a large-scale database of kitchen and food sounds (180 stimuli) capturing different stages of ...preparing, cooking, serving, and/or consuming foods and beverages and sounds of packaging, kitchen utensils, and appliances. Each sound was evaluated across nine subjective evaluative dimensions (random order), including stimuli-related properties (e.g., valence, arousal) and food-related items (e.g., healthfulness, appetizingness) by a subsample of 51 to 64 participants (Mdn = 54; N = 332; 69.6% women, M
= 27.46 years, SD = 10.20). Participants also identified each sound and rated how confident they were in such identification. Results show that, overall, participants could correctly identify the sound or at least recognize the general sound categories. The stimuli of the KFS database varied across different levels (low, moderate, high) of the evaluative dimensions under analysis, indicating good adequacy to a broad range of research purposes. The correlation analysis showed a high degree of association between evaluative dimensions. The sociodemographic characteristics of the sample had a limited influence on the stimuli evaluation. Still, some aspects related to food and cooking were associated with how the sounds are evaluated, suggesting that participants' proficiency in the kitchen should be considered when planning studies with food sounds. Given its broad range of stimulus categories and evaluative dimensions, the KFS database (freely available at OSF ) is suitable for different research domains, from fundamental (e.g., cognitive psychology, basic sensory science) to more applied research (e.g., marketing, consumer science).
Background: Among the parental cognitions explaining maladaptive parenting, attributions about a child's misbehavior seem important. However, there is little research on neglectful parents, and the ...different patterns of parental attributions associated with child abuse and child neglect are still underexplained. The current study examines parental attributions associated with child abuse and child neglect. Method: Mothers (N = 218) were asked to evaluate vignettes describing child transgressions, half of which were followed by situational information. Child abuse and child neglect were evaluated through mothers' and professionals' reports. Results: Preliminary results indicated that the child's age and maternal socioeconomic status were significantly correlated with attributions and child abuse and neglect scores and thus were controlled in the models. The results from hierarchical regressions indicated that dispositional attributions were associated with higher abuse scores (reported by mothers), even in the presence of situational information. Likewise, dispositional attributions were associated with higher neglect scores (reported by professionals), but the effect was no longer significant in the presence of situational information. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the current socio-cognitive approaches to child maltreatment and provide relevant input for understanding the different attributional mechanisms underlying child abuse and neglect. Keywords: Parental cognitions Parental attributions Situational information Child abuse and neglect Antecedentes: Entre las cogniciones parentales que explican la parentalidad desadaptativa, las atribuciones sobre el comportamiento del nino parecen importantes. Sin embargo, hay pocas investigaciones sobre los padres negligentes, y los patrones de atribuciones parentales que se asocian con el abuso y la negligencia siguen sin explicarse. Este estudio examina las atribuciones parentales asociadas con el abuso y la negligencia infantil. Metodo: La muestra estaba compuesta por 218 madres que evaluaron vinetas que describian transgresiones infantiles, la mitad con informacion situacional. Abuso y negligencia se evaluaron a traves de informes de madres y profesionales. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que la edad del nino y el estatus socioeconomico estaban correlacionados con las atribuciones y con el abuso y negligencia, por lo que fueron controlados en los modelos. Los resultados de las regresiones jerarquicas indicaron que las atribuciones disposicionales se asociaron con el abuso (informes de madres), incluso en presencia de informacion situacional. Las atribuciones disposicionales se asociaron con la negligencia (informes de profesionales), pero no hay efecto en presencia de informacion situacional. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos corroboran a los actuales enfoques sociocognitivos del maltrato infantil y proporcionan aportaciones relevantes para entender los diferentes mecanismos atribucionales que subyacen al abuso y la negligencia infantil. Palabras clave: Cogniciones parentales Atribuciones parentales Informacion situacional Abuso y negligencia infantil
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