Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have recently gained attention due to their antimicrobial activity, can also be produced by green synthesis. The aims of this study were to (i) characterise green ...synthesized AgNPs using microwave-assisted aqueous extracts of
(G-AgNPs) and
(H-AgNPs) and (ii) investigate the combined antimicrobial effects of the G- and H-AgNPs in different ratios. Nanoparticle formation and reactions were determined with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The G-AgNPs were 52.0±10.9 nm in size, with a 0.285±0.034 polydispersity index (PDI), and a -17.9±0.9 mV zeta potential. For H-AgNPs these characteristics were 23.9±1.0 nm, 0.280±0.032, and -21.3±2.7 mV, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the particles were monodisperse and spherical. The Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed the presence of reducing agents that stabilised the AgNPs. Three different nanoformulations (NF-1, NF-2, and NF-3) were prepared by combining these two synthesised nanoparticles in different ratios and their antimicrobial activity was tested against
, and
. Our study is the first to show that combining AgNPs from two different biological sources can produce effective nanoformulations with improved antibacterial activity against
and
. These nanoformulations showed lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (31.25 µg/mL against
with all NFs; 62.5 µg/mL for NF-1 and 125 µg/mL for NF-2/3 against
) than G-AgNPs (62.5 µg/mL for
) or H-AgNPs (125 µg/mL for
) alone. Their high combined inhibitory effect against
(NF-1–3) was synergistic and against
(NF-2 and NF-3) potentially additive. Considering such promising results, we believe our study provides some direction for new research and strategies in antimicrobial therapeutics.
To investigate and compare the quality of life, satisfaction, contrast sensitivity, glare, depth perception, and intraocular lens (IOL) rotation in patients who underwent trifocal toric and bifocal ...toric IOLs.
A total of 80 eyes of 40 patients were included in this prospective study. Twenty patients in each group were implanted with trifocal toric and bifocal toric IOL, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative 6-month measurements were recorded for both patient groups. Comprehensive anterior and posterior segment examinations, distance-intermediate-near visual acuity values and the visual function scale questionnaire results were evaluated at these examinations. Patient satisfaction, contrast sensitivity, glare, intermediate-near and distance stereopsis and IOL rotation were also evaluated.
No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of distance and near visual acuities (
=0.269,
=0.451). Intermediate visual acuity was significantly increased in the trifocal toric group (
<0.001). The visual function scale results were increased after surgery in both groups (
=0.001 and
<0.001), with no difference determined between them (
=0.158 and
=0.691). The number of patients wearing glasses was low in both groups and there was no significant difference between the groups (
>0.05). The overall satisfaction in the trifocal toric group was significantly higher than in the bifocal toric group (
=0.03). The highest sensitivity was observed at 6 cpd spatial frequency in all patients under photopic conditions (1.80±0.24 logU, 1.74±0.20 logU). Distance-intermediate-near binocular depth perception results in both groups were higher in the trifocal toric group (
=0.02, 0.048, 0.003, respectively). Although there was no significant difference for 3 meters stereopsis, the trifocal toric group had higher depth perception (
=0.577). Mean rotation was 5.76°±3.93° in the trifocal toric group and 12°±7.1° in the bifocal toric group.
Better results in the middle distance are obtained in the trifocal toric group and less IOL rotation due to digital system-coordinated surgery. Moreover, the overall satisfaction in the trifocal toric group is significantly higher than in the bifocal toric group.
This article examines the place of women in society, their emergence as individuals, and their changes over the years from the Ottoman period to the early years of the Republic. This study was ...conducted with the help of the Ottoman Turkish Discovery Portal-Muteferriqa. Thanks to its collections of printed sources published from the Ottoman Empire to the mid-Republic and its search facilities, the concept of woman, the subject of the research, has been examined comprehensively. In this sense, after briefly mentioning the developments in the field of digital humanities, the article deals with how women have shaped their existence in the historical process, starting roughly from the Tanzimat Period. Three magazines with different perspectives were focused on, and thus, the approach of all segments of society towards women was analyzed. These magazines are Süs, Sebilü’r reşad, and Akbaba. The research’s focal period is 1923, when the Republic was proclaimed. The reason for focusing on this year is that even in this period, which is seen as an indicator of the transition to modernity, there were reactions about women that were not expected. Concrete examples of this can easily be found when these three magazines are analyzed.
Root canal disinfection includes mechanical, chemical and biological struggle against microorganisms (MOs). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and nanoparticle (NP) agents may be proposed as an alternative ...for use against intracanal infections due to their ability to disrupt biofilm and prevent bacterial adhesion to dentin. The use of NP agents in combination with light/photosensitizer (PS) agents increases the efficiency of PDT in root canal disinfection.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of light application - PDT - on the antibacterial activity of the combination of a PS agent (toluidine blue O -TBO) and an NP agent (silver nanoparticles - AgNPs) for the disinfection of the root canals inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).
In this study, concentrations of 20 ppm of TBO and 10 ppm of AgNPs, which showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis in the TBO/AgNPs combination, were used according to the preliminary studies. After instrumentation, 120 human, single-rooted, straight-canal mandibular premolars of a standard length of 13 mm were contaminated with bacteria, and experimental procedures were conducted against 21-day-old mature biofilm. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 main experimental groups: TBO/light; AgNPs; TBO/AgNPs; AgNPs/light; and TBO/AgNPs/light. Then, these main groups were divided into 2 subgroups each, according to the 2 application time periods (30 s and 60 s) (n = 10). The remaining 20 teeth constituted positive and negative control groups. The data was analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test, and the Bonferroni correction.
The NaOCl group provided a bacterial reduction that was higher than in all other groups in a statistically significant manner. Light application on the TBO/AgNPs combination was the group that provided the highest bacterial reduction after NaOCl.
The photoactivation of the TBO/AgNPs combination led to an increase in the effect of PDT, and it has the potential to be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system.
Metal objects were used for various purposes like in the production, decoration, and painting of metallic coins, kitchenwares, and as structural components from ancient ages to the present. Metal ...extraction and processing ability became one of the important factors to determine the development level of society. For this reason, repairing and protecting the ancient artifacts buried underground or in an aqueous environment that recovered from the archaeological excavations and historical sites is extremely important to protect the history and cultural heritage of society. Historical artifacts are very fragile against environmental factors after their removal from the dig sites and thus rapid intervention procedures are required. Furthermore, historical artifacts exhibited without an application of a protective coating can easily corrode at an increased rate against atmospheric conditions over time. Therefore, developing new approaches for the preservation of metallic objects of cultural heritage has significant importance. It is necessary to know the type of metal to be processed as the coating to be developed for protection will be determined according to the type of metal. Primarily, metal surfaces must be cleansed from the corroded layer followed by developing and applying a structure able to isolate the metal from the environment in order to prevent corrosion. Various materials such as waxes, oils and greases, polymers, glasses and glassy enamels, metallic, and organic coatings have been used to develop corrosion-resistant coatings. Soluble corrosion inhibitors have also been used, which can promote the spontaneous formation of a protective barrier film on surfaces. The structures to be used in the protection of the ancient artifacts must have specific features:
• must not cause a change in color and has to preserve authenticity in visual appearance,
• easy to apply,
• low cost,
• reversibility in some cases, i.e. easy to remove from the surface,
• environmentally friendly, non-toxic.
In this review, the methods commonly used for the protection of archaeological artifacts are examined and their advantages and disadvantages are stated.
Computerized analysis of Doppler ultrasound signals can aid early detection of asymptomatic circulating emboli. For analysis, physicians use informative features extracted from Doppler ultrasound ...signals. Time -frequency analysis methods are useful tools to exploit the transient like signals such as Embolic signals. Detection of discriminative features would be the first step toward automated analysis of embolic Doppler ultrasound signals. The most problematic part of setting up emboli detection system is to differentiate embolic signals from confusing similar wave-like patterns such as Doppler speckle and artifacts caused by tissue movement, probe tapping, speaking etc. In this study, discrete version of fractional Fourier transform is presented as a solution in the detection of emboli in digitized Doppler ultrasound signals. An accurate set of parameters are extracted using short time Fourier transform and fractional Fourier transform and the results are compared to reveal detection quality. Experimental results prove the efficiency of fractional Fourier transform in which discriminative features becomes more evident.
Kronik myeloid Lösemi (KML) pluripotent hematopoetik kök hücrenin malign transformasyonu sonucu gelişen klonal bir kök hücre hastalığıdır. KML olgularının %95'de t(9;22)(q34;q11) translokasyonu ...sonucu lösemik fenotipin gelişmesinden sorumlu BCR-ABL1 füzyon proteini oluşmaktadır. BCR/ABL1füzyon proteiniyle karakterize olan KML, erişkinlerdeki lösemilerin yaklaşık %20'sini oluşturmaktadır.KML etiyolojisinden sorumlu tutulabilecek herhangi bir çevresel etken bilinmemekle birlikte iyonize radyasyona maruz kalmanın KML riskini arttırdığı rapor edilmiştir.KML'nin klinik seyri laboratuvar bulguları ve klinik karakteristiklerine göre üç ayrı evreye ayrılır: kronik evre, akselere evre ve blastik evredir.KML tanısı, periferik kan yayması ve kemik iliği incelemesi ile birlikte karyotip analizinde Ph kromozomu varlığının veya floresan insituhibridizasyon (FISH) ya da polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) yöntemi ile BCR-ABL1 füzyon geninin saptanması ile konur. Sitogenetik analiz ile hastaların yaklaşık olarak %95' inde Ph kromozomu saptanır. Sitogenetik analiz ile Ph kromozomu saptanmayan KML hastalarının çoğunda moleküler tekniklerle translokasyon saptanabilir. Ph kromozomu üzerinde oluşan BCR-ABL1 füzyon geni, hücre içinde birçok yolağı aktive eden bir tirozin kinazı kodlar.Hipofiz Tümörü Transforme Edici Gen (Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene-PTTG) gen, sıçan hipofiz tümörü hücrelerinden 1997 yılında izole edildi . PTTG'nin birincil fonksiyonu, kardeş kromatidlerin zıt kutuplara iğ iplikleri ile ayrılmasının kontrolü ile ilgilidir. Bu aktiviteye göre, kromozomun hatalı ayrılmasının bir sonucu olarak genomik dengesizlik, upregüle PTTG ekspresyonunun onkojenik potansiyelinin sebebini açıklayabilir. PTTG'in aşırı ekspresyonu anöploidi jenerasyonu ile ilişkilidir, bu durum multiple tümör tiplerindeki farklalaşmış prognoz ile korelasyon gösterir.Çalışmada, RNA izolasyonu ve RT-PCR analizi kullanılarak 129 numune üzerinden değerlendirme yapıldı. BCR/ABL1 trasnkripti pozitif olan 88 adet hasta numunesi ile BCR/ABL1 trasnkripti negatif olan 41 adet hasta numunesi arasındaki PTTG gen ekspresyonu değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, negatif ve pozitif transkript örnekleri arasında PTTG gen ekspresyonunun farklılık gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. BCR/ABL1 trasnkripti pozitif olan numunelerde PTTG ekspresyonunun arttığı tespit edilmiştir.KML deki klinik seyirin ek kromozom anomalilerle ilişkisi göz önüne alındığında PTTG ekspresyonunun KML'de değerlendirilmesinin önemli olabileceğini ön görüldü. Bu çalışmada, KML hastalarında PTTG ekspresyonunun hasta prognozu ile ilişkili olup olmadığını değerlendirmek amaçlandı
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