A new parameterization of the effective nucleon–nucleon Gogny interaction is proposed. It reproduces the neutron matter equation of state much better than the commonly used D1S Gogny interaction and ...furthermore reduces the binding energies' drift for the major part of the isotopic chains. Other important nuclear properties related both to nuclear matter and finite nuclei are studied and shown to be of similar quality as with D1S.
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We present the Gogny-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model which reproduces nuclear masses with an accuracy comparable with the best mass formulas. In contrast to the Skyrme-HFB nuclear-mass models, an ...explicit and self-consistent account of all the quadrupole correlation energies is included within the 5D collective Hamiltonian approach. The final rms deviation with respect to the 2353 measured masses is 789keV in the 2012 atomic mass evaluation. In addition, the D1M Gogny force is shown to predict nuclear and neutron matter properties in agreement with microscopic calculations based on realistic two- and three-body forces. The D1M properties and its predictions of various observables are compared with those of D1S and D1N.
The structure of low-lying states in the light krypton isotopes 72Kr, 74Kr, and 76Kr has been studied with the finite-range Gogny D1S effective interaction via Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov based ...calculations within a configuration-mixing formalism treating axial and triaxial quadrupole deformations. The good overall agreement with the experimental low-lying excitation spectra and matrix elements supports the shape coexistence scenario and a transition of the ground-state shape from oblate in 72Kr to prolate in 76Kr. The triaxial degree of freedom is shown to be crucial to reproduce the experimental data in general and the inversion of the oblate and prolate configurations in particular.
A pump–probe approach was designed to determine the internal proton transfer (PT) rate in a series of poly-peptide radical cations containing both histidine and tryptophan. The proton transfer is ...driven by the gas-phase basicity difference between residues. The fragmentation scheme indicates that the gas-phase basicity of histidine is lower than that of radical tryptophan so that histidine is always pulling the proton away from tryptophan. However, the proton transfer requires the two basic sites to be in close proximity, which is rate limited by the peptide conformational dynamics. PT rate measurements were used to probe and explore the peptide conformational dynamics in several poly-glycines/prolines/alanines. For small and unstructured peptides, the PT rate decreases with the size, as expected from a statistical point of view in a flat conformational space. Conversely, if structured conformations are accessible, the structural flexibility of the peptide is decreased. This slows down the occurrence of conformations favorable to proton transfer. A dramatic decrease in the PT rates was observed for peptides HAnW, when n changes from 5 to 6. This is attributed to the onset of a stable helix for n = 6. No such discontinuity is observed for poly-glycines or poly-prolines. In HAnW, the gas-phase basicity and helix propensity compete for the position of the charge. Interestingly, in this competition between PT and helix formation in HA6W, the energy gain associated with helix formation is large enough to slow down the PT beyond experimental time but does not ultimately prevail over the proton preference for histidine.
Objectives
To compare two minimally invasive enilconazole infusion protocols for the treatment of canine sinonasal aspergillosis and evaluate the importance of complete endoscopic debridement in ...determining first treatment success rate.
Materials and Methods
Data for 48 dogs with confirmed sinonasal aspergillosis treated with endoscopic debridement followed by per‐endoscopic enilconazole infusion were collected. Twenty‐four dogs were treated according to the previously published 1‐hour infusion protocol and 24 dogs underwent a simplified 15‐minute infusion protocol. Completeness of debridement, evaluated as partial or complete at the end of the procedure and outcome after one or several treatments were assessed in all dogs. Multi‐variable analysis was performed to derive odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Results
The median duration of the simplified protocol – 92∙3 minutes (range 40 to 140) – was substantially shorter than the duration of the previous protocol – 201∙3 minutes (range 120 to 265). First treatment success rates were 58 and 62∙5% for the previous and simplified protocol, respectively. Overall treatment success rate was similar in both groups (96%). Complete debridement was associated with an improved first treatment success rate compared to partial debridement.
Clinical Significance
The simplified protocol is a valid alternative approach to the treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis. Completeness of endoscopic debridement before infusion is an important step for the success of treatment in canine sinonasal aspergillosis.
Rectal temperature measurement (RTM) can promote stress and defensive behaviour in hospitalised cats. The aim of this study was to assess if axillary temperature measurement (ATM) could be a reliable ...and less stressful alternative for these animals. In this prospective study, paired rectal and axillary temperatures were measured in 42 cats, either by a veterinarian or a student. To assess the impact of these procedures on the cat's stress state, their heart rate was checked and a cat stress score (CSS) was defined and graded from 1 (relaxed) to 5 (terrified). A moderate correlation was found between RTM and ATM (r=0.52; P<0.0001). RTM was on average 0.9 °C (1.6 °F) higher than ATM (P<0.0001), although a wide variation was found in the difference between these two measurements (-2.1 °C to 3.6 °C (-3.8 °F to 6.5 °F)). ATM failed to identify hypothermia in 25 per cent of the cases and hyperthermia in 19 per cent of the cases but may be considered less stressful than RTM. Indeed, RTM induced a mildly greater increase in heart rate (+6 bpm; P=0.01) and in CSS (+0.2; P=0.001) than ATM. The results were not affected by operator type. In conclusion, RTM should remain the standard method to obtain accurate temperatures in cats.
Reducing postconflict coup risk Girod, Desha M.
Conflict management and peace science,
04/2015, Letnik:
32, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Reducing coup risk is imperative and expensive for postconflict leaders. A theoretical framework is therefore needed to explain the subset of leaders who spend on development following civil war. The ...low-windfall coup-proofing hypothesis proposed here suggests that only postconflict leaders who lack natural resources and offer no strategic importance to donors choose to reduce coup risk by using nonstrategic aid for development. A nested research design with data on postconflict coups (1970–2009) and a case study based on fieldwork are used to test the hypothesis. The hypothesis is supported across robustness checks, indicating that development from aid reduces coup risk for postconflict leaders with low windfall.
When does aid foster development after civil war? A testable model is needed to account for the uneven outcomes in postconflict development. This article proposes and empirically tests the novel ...nonstrategic-desperation hypothesis, an explanation based on the varied incentives that fragile postconflict governments face when confronted with donor development goals. Paradoxically, incentives to meet development goals only exist when donors have little strategic interest in the recipients and when recipients lack income from resource rents and are therefore desperate for income. Ten-year data on infant mortality changes following civil wars ending 1970–96 and a variety of robustness checks support the hypothesis. By focusing on how income sources constrain the choices of aid recipients, and how these constraints can provide incentives to meet donor development goals, the nonstrategic-desperation hypothesis explains how the good use of aid can take place following civil war, when institutions are weak.
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