Moral Paradoxes of the Age of Turbulence Silantieva, M. V.; Glagolev, V. S.
Koncept: filosofiâ, religiâ, kulʹtura,
03/2024, Letnik:
8, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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MGIMO University annually hosts an international conference held in the memory of Professor A. F. Shishkin, a distinguished soviet ethicist and the founder of the Department of Philosophy of the ...university. The latest 29th Shishkin Readings took place in MGIMO University on December 23, 2023, and was devoted to ethical issues in the age of ever-increasing turbulence. M. A. Shishkin and A. V. Shestopal greeted the participants, and V. S. Glagolev gave an opening talk on the requirements a modern person should meet and a moral compass in the turbulent social context. There followed plenary and breakout sessions moderated by senior lecturers of the Department of Philosophy D. S. Gorshenyov and I. A. Chuprova. PhD students, professors, and researchers shared their expertise and participated in keen discussions. Today’s turbulence transforms individual and social lives, massive changes in international affairs put forward new challenges which cannot be addressed without consideration of their ethical dimension. In their reports, speakers focused on negative and positive evaluations, the role of ethics as an academic discipline, moral aspects of digitalization and the rise of AI. Over the years the conference, by giving the floor to aspiring scholars, proved to be a good venue for bridging the gap between generations of academicians. Young researchers had a favorable chance to present and argue their studies before a competent audience coming from various academic fields.
The fast component of the barium fluoride (BaF2) crystal luminescence with the emission peak at 220 nm allows those crystals to be employed in fast calorimeters operating in harsh radiation ...environment. However, the slow component with the emission peak at 330 nm and about 85% of the total emission light could create big problems when working at a high radiation rate. In this work we report results of tests of multilayer filters that can suppress luminescence in the range from 250 nm to 400 nm, which covers most of the BaF2 slow component luminescence. The filters are made by spraying layers of rare earth oxides on a quartz glass substrate. Filters typically comprise 200-220 layers. A few filters were prepared by spraying thin layers on quartz glass. The filters have a peak transmittance of about 70-80% in the range of 200-250 nm. Measurements of the light output of the BaF2 crystal with and without a filter between the crystal readout end and the PMT demonstrate substancial suppression of the slow component. To our knowledge, this kind of filters are produced and tested for the first time.
The results of developing a compact version of the Precision Laser Inclinometer (CPLI) with the reduced overall dimensions of 20 × 20 × 20 cm and weight of 10 kg are presented. Experimental data on ...detected angular oscillations of the Earth’s surface at the JINR site are obtained. The achieved sensitivity is 6 × 10
–11
rad/Hz
1/2
in the frequency range 1.4 × 10
–3
–10 Hz. The CPLI can be used in modern physical experiments for seismic isolation of large-scale installations. Reduction of the impact of microseismic angular oscillations of the Earth’s surface on the sensitive elements of the VIRGO Interference Gravitational Antenna, the Large Hadron Collider, and NICA will increase the accuracy of the experiments.
This paper presents the results of measuring the parameters of scintillation cubes, which are elements of the active target of the upgraded near detector of the T2K experiment, with the scintillation ...of a polystyrene-based organic scintillator being excited by an ultraviolet LED. Most attention is paid to the study of light leaks through the side faces of the cubes. The measurement results show that an average value of the coefficient characterizing light leaks through one face of the cube is 0.026. The effect of heating scintillation cubes on the light collection from them and light leaks are studied. After keeping the cubes at a temperature of 60°C for 72 h, the light collection from the cubes and the light leaks remained at the same level.
This study compares seasonal and spatial variations in methane fluxes as sources of uncertainty in regional CH4 flux upscaling from the wetlands of West Siberia. The study examined variability in ...summertime CH4 emissions from boreal peatlands, with a focus on two subtaiga fen sites in the southern part of West Siberia (Novosibirskaya oblast). We measured CH4 flux, water table depth, air and peat temperature, pH and electric conductivity of peat water during three field campaigns in summer 2011 (9-12 July, 26-28 July and 20-21 August). Fluxes were measured with static chambers at sites chosen to represent two of the most widespread types of wetlands for this climatic zone: soligenous poor fens and topogenous fens. In both sites the water table level acts as the primary control on fluxes. For the poor fen site with good drainage, water table controls CH4 fluxes on the seasonal scale but not on a local spatial scale; for the fen site with weak drainage and microtopographic relief, the water table controls fluxes on the local spatial scale, but does not drive seasonal variations in the flux magnitude. This difference in hydrology shows the necessity of including detailed wetland type classification schemes into large-scale modeling efforts. From these three measurement periods, we estimated the relative seasonal variation in CH4 emissions as 8% for the fen site and 26% for the poor fen site. These results were compared to estimates of other sources of uncertainty (such as interannual variation and spatial heterogeneity) to show that quantifying seasonal variability is less critical than these other variations for an improved estimate of regional CH4 fluxes. This research demonstrates and ranks the challenges in upscaling measured wetland CH4 fluxes across West Siberia and can guide future field campaigns.
The differential cross sections of the charge exchange reaction
d
p
→
(
p
p
)
n
has been measured at 1.75 GeV/c per nucleon for small transferred momenta using the one arm magnetic spectrometer ...STRELA at the Nuclotron accelerator in JINR Dubna. The ratio of the differential cross section of the charge exchange reaction
d
p
→
(
p
p
)
n
to that of the
n
p
→
p
n
elementary process is discussed in order to estimate the spin-dependent part of the
n
p
→
p
n
charge exchange amplitude. The
n
p
→
p
n
amplitude turned out to be predominantly spin-dependent.
The problem of deformation of a DCB sample, which is a composition of bodies bound by an adhesive layer of finite thickness, is considered. Based on the variational equilibrium equation containing ...the layer thickness as a linear parameter, a finite element solution of the problem of loading the layer with a normal discontinuity in the plane strain state is constructed. The stresses averaged over the layer thickness are related to the stresses along the layer boundary by the equilibrium equations. The boundary stresses of the layer form the boundary conditions for the mating bodies. In the layer, along with shear stresses, stresses orthogonal to shear are also taken into account. The constitutive relations in the layer are represented in terms of average stresses. With a significant difference in the Young's moduli of the adhesive and mating bodies, the convergence of the value of the J-integral with a decrease in the layer thickness is shown. To find the J-integral, its representation is used as a product of the specific free energy at the end of the layer and its thickness. It has been established that the Poisson's ratio of the bodies affects the value of the J-integral, and the Poisson's ratio of the adhesive layer has almost no effect on the value of the J-integral. Using the theory of plates Mindlin - Reisner at zero Poisson's ratio of the adhesive, an analytical representation of the J-integral is obtained. The representation includes energy terms related to the pull-off stress and the axial stress in the layer. In this case, the term associated with the axial stress in the layer is proportional to the square of the ratio of the Young's moduli of the adhesive layer and the bodies mating with it. From the solution obtained, it follows that the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer with a small thickness compared to bodies do not affect the value of the J-integral if the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer is significantly less than the elastic modulus of the mating bodies. Thus, the use of replacing the adhesive layer with a layer of zero thickness is correct under these restrictions.
The Mu2e experiment is constructing a calorimeter consisting of 1348 undoped cesium iodide (CsI) crystals in two disks. Each crystal has a dimension of 34 × 34 × 200 mm3 and is readout by a ...large-area silicon photomultipliers array. A series of technical specifications on mechanical and optical parameters was defined according to the calorimeter physics requirements. Preproduction CsI crystals were procured from three firms: Amcrys, Saint-Gobain, and Shanghai Institute of Ceramics. We report the quality assurance on crystal's scintillation properties and their radiation hardness against ionization dose and neutrons. With a fast decay time of about 30 ns and a light output of more than 100 p.e./MeV measured by a bialkali photomultiplier tube, undoped CsI crystals provide a cost-effective solution for Mu2e.
The article is concerned with the research and development of a geo information system for forecasting fire danger according to weather conditions. A structured approach is used to introduce the ...workflow process of the system in IDEF0 technique: generating data files/array, assessing the current fire danger, a spatial fire danger forecasted information and fire breaking-out, verifying the forecast index reliability and fire probability. The two-tiered architecture of a distributed data system and functional modules consisting of presentation logic, domain logic and database logic is focused on. Generation of meteorological data arrays is organized in a hypercube form and rated values of fire danger index. The surface planes of a hypercube include the month of fire danger season as well as the title and index of the weather station number, meteorological parameters and fire danger characteristics. The system is tested in the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region in order to construct fire probability maps according to weather conditions using the developed geographic information system based on MapInfo Professional 15 and programming environments MapBasic and RAD Studio Delphi 2010. Forecast verification of fire danger index of three days lead-time amounts to 85% on the first day, it is 80%on the 2nd day, they are 70% and 65% on the third and fourth days respectively. The probability of vegetation fires in the territory of Birobidzhan subdivision of the JAR Forest Department is calculated depending on weather conditions. The forecast success rate is 75%.
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