A Ni/Cu/boron-doped diamond (Ni/Cu/BDD) complex electrode for non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical detection was prepared by a simple two-step heat treatment method. Scanning electron microscopy ...(SEM), Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical workstation were used to characterize the surface morphology, composition and electrochemical properties of the electrode, respectively. The results showed that Ni reacted with BDD under high temperature catalytic conditions forming a porous structure, and stabilized Cu on the surface of BDD due to the superior wettability between Cu and Ni. Compared to Ni/BDD and Cu/BDD electrodes, Ni/Cu/BDD electrode exhibited enhanced catalytic activity in glucose detection, such as an extremely wide detection range (0.022–18.3mM), high sensitivity (1007.688 μAmM−1cm−2, which was 1.28 times higher than that of the Ni/BDD electrode), great selectivity and excellent long-term stability (93.3% after one month).
•The Ni/Cu/BDD electrode exhibits excellent long-term stability because nickel particles are embedded into the diamond forming a porous structure, which avoids the peel-off of Ni/Cu NPs during the detection.•The Ni/Cu/BDD exhibits enhanced catalytic activity compared with Ni/BDD owing to the addition of Cu nanoparticles.•The synergistic effect of nickel nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles and BDD films is well discussed for the first time.
With the development of economic globalization, the competition among enterprises is increasingly fierce. Therefore, companies need close information sharing to realize the integration of supply ...chain. This article aims to study the collaborative management and information sharing mechanism of supply chain inventory based on cloud computing and 5G Internet of Things. This article first introduces the theory and methods of collaborative supply chain management and the information exchange mechanism and then discusses the problem of information sharing in the supply chain, that is, the bullwhip phenomenon, and then from the demand forecast, supply chain structure, time lag, and shortage game, six aspects are analyzed. The cause of the bullwhip phenomenon is analyzed. Secondly, this article proposes a quantitative analysis of the bullwhip effect, establishes a mathematical model of the bullwhip effect in the supply chain, and uses quantitative analysis to analyze the value of information sharing in the supply chain. Finally, this article uses cloud computing technology to build a supply chain information collaboration system architecture and uses EPC Internet of Things to build a supply chain information sharing model and describes the entire operation process of the supply chain. The experimental results of this paper show that the application of cloud computing technology to supply chain management establishes a system platform for supply chain information sharing, improves the overall operational efficiency of supply chain management, and realizes supply chain information sharing and business collaboration. In addition, the operating costs and risks of each node enterprise in the supply chain are reduced by 12% compared with the nonsharing situation, which also shows that the overall benefits of the supply chain have been correspondingly improved and market competitiveness has been enhanced.
A novel design of Al matrix composite reinforced with diamond coated spiral tungsten wire is proposed for thermal management. Fabrication techniques of the diamond film reinforced Al matrix ...composites consist of hot filament assisted chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD) for diamond film, low-cost cold pressing and vacuum sintering of Al matrix composites. The microstructure characteristics and thermal properties of the composites have been studied. Results show that the diamond film retains its high quality and integrity after the vacuum sintering process. Even such a low content of diamond films in the filler- at most 6.5vol.% - provides a thermal conductivity of 294W/mK, about 69% higher than that of sintered Al and 79% higher than that of 6.5vol.% diamond particles reinforced Al matrix composite fabricated by the same powder metallurgy process. Finite element analysis of heat transfer within such a structure is conducted, revealing that the continuous and thick diamond framework provides continuous channels and effective thermal conductive pathways for heat transfer. This work displays a great potential of CVD diamond films reinforced metal matrix composites for thermal conduction applications.
A novel CVD diamond spiral wire/aluminium composite was designed and fabricated. A continuous diamond channel for heat transfer was designed and fabricated. Good adhesion between uncoated diamond film and pure Al was produced. The TC of the composite was enhanced by 79% compared with diamond particles/Al composites. Display omitted
•A novel CVD diamond coated W spiral wires/aluminium composite was designed and fabricated.•A continuous diamond channel for heat transfer was designed and fabricated.•Good adhesion between uncoated diamond film and pure Al was produced.•The TC of the composite was enhanced by 79% compared with diamond particles/Al composites.
In order to effectively diagnose the infeasible linear programming (LP) model of production planning in refinery, the article proposed three stages strategy based on constraints' classification and ...infeasibility analysis. Generally, infeasibility sources involve structural inconsistencies and data errors, and the data errors are further classified into I, II and III. The three stages strategy are: (1) Check data when they are inputted to detect data error I and repair them; (2) Inspect data whether they are accorded with material balance before solving the LP model to identify data error II and repair them; (3) Find irreducible inconsistent system of infeasible LP model and give diagnosis information priority-ranked to recognize data error III and structural inconsistencies. These stages could be automatically executed by computer, and the approach has been applied to diagnose the infeasible model well in our graphic I/O petro-chemical industry modeling system.
Data cube has been playing an essential role in fast OLAP (online analytical processing) in many data warehouses. The pre-computation of data cubes is critical for improving the OLAP response time of ...in large high-dimensional data warehouses. However, as the sizes of data warehouses grow, the time it takes to perform this pre-computation becomes a significant performance bottleneck. In a high dimensional data warehouse, it might not be practical to build all these cuboids and their indices. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical cubing algorithm to partition the high dimensional data cube into low dimensional cube segments. It permits a significant reduction of CPU and I/O overhead for many queries by restricting the number of cube segments to be processed for both the fact table and bitmap indices. Experimental results show that the proposed method is significantly more efficient than other existing cubing methods.
To date, there is insufficient research on whether shift work and night work increase the risk of experiencing headaches and migraines.
This study aimed to evaluate the potential association between ...shift work, night shift work, and headache/migraine.
We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up until October 2023 to identify relevant studies. Our inclusion criteria focused on observational studies that investigated the association between shift work exposure and headache/migraine outcomes. We extracted adjusted risk estimates from each study and calculated pooled odds ratios using either fixed or random-effects models. Our methodology followed the Meta-Analysis Group guidelines for observational studies in epidemiology. To ensure accuracy and consistency, two investigators independently reviewed the retrieved records and extracted data based on the predefined inclusion criteria.
This meta-analysis included a total of seven studies involving 422,869 participants. The pooled analysis revealed a significant association between shift work and an increased risk of headaches (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.15–1.52, P < 0.001). Specifically, individuals working night shifts had a 44% higher risk of developing headaches (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.09–1.90, P = 0.011). Furthermore, shift work was also found to be associated with a higher incidence of migraines (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.27–2.08, P < 0.001). Interestingly, night shift work was associated with a decreased incidence of migraines (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57–0.96, P = 0.024).
Our study found a noteworthy association between shift work/night work and the occurrence of headaches and migraines. However, it is important to note that our study does not establish a causal relationship. Future research should investigate potential common vulnerability factors, such as genetics or health behaviors. This knowledge can help inform the implementation of preventive measures and interventions to mitigate the health risks associated with shift work.
•The study, including 422,869 participants, revealed a notable link between shift work and increased headaches, especially with a 44% higher risk during night shifts.•Notably, while shift work correlated with more migraines, night shifts surprisingly showed a reduced incidence, indicating complexities in the relationship.•Emphasizing the need for further exploration, the study underscores potential preventive measures for health risks associated with shift work.
Hypoxia is one of the most common and important features occurring across a wide variety of malignancies, which can have adverse effects on the therapeutic outcomes of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. ...Therefore, the characterization of tumor hypoxia is of great importance in clinical tumor treatment. Herein, we firstly develop a new spectroscopic off-on probe with high sensitivity (detection limit: 5.8 ng mL
−1
) and good selectivity for fluorescence imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells
via
its enzymatic reaction with nitroreductase
in vitro
and
in vivo
in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a co-solvent. Inspired by the recent investigations on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a dual pH and ATP-responsive ZIF-90 nanoplatform was synthesized, and then PEG was post-modified through a Schiff base reaction. This allows the platform to serve as a carrier to load the hypoxia-responsive probe to investigate its response to enzyme in cells and in mice without using dimethyl sulfoxide as a co-solvent. Consequently, the two probes we synthesized here can successfully respond to nitroreductase for turn-on fluorescence imaging at a cellular level and in tumor-bearing mice. This is the first time that an enzyme-responsive organic small-molecule probe has been mounted on one of the MOFs. Our results open up a promising way for the design and application of both enzyme-responsive probes and MOFs.
A new organic probe and a novel imaging system developed through loading the organic probe into ZIF-90@PEG were successfully synthesized for off-on fluorescence imaging
via
enzyme response to nitroreductase
in vitro
and
in vivo
.
White TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used for cancer photodynamic therapy based on their ultraviolet light-triggered properties. To date, biomedical applications using white TiO2 NPs have ...been limited, since ultraviolet light is a well-known mutagen and shallow penetration. This work is the first report about hydrogenated black TiO2 (H-TiO2 ) NPs with near infrared absorption explored as photothermal agent for cancer photothermal therapy to circumvent the obstacle of ultraviolet light excitation. Here, it is shown that photothermal effect of H-TiO2 NPs can be attributed to their dramatically enhanced nonradiative recombination. After polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating, H-TiO2 -PEG NPs exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency of 40.8%, and stable size distribution in serum solution. The toxicity and cancer therapy effect of H-TiO2 -PEG NPs are relative systemically evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The findings herein demonstrate that infrared-irradiated H-TiO2 -PEG NPs exhibit low toxicity, high efficiency as a photothermal agent for cancer therapy, and are promising for further biomedical applications.
Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment modality for cancer and other malignant diseases, however safety and efficacy improvements are required before it reaches its full ...potential and wider clinical use. Herein, we investigated a highly efficient and safe photodynamic therapy procedure by developing a high/low power density photodynamic therapy mode (high/low PDT mode) using methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) thiol (mPEG-SH) modified gold nanorod (GNR)-AlPcS4 photosensitizer complexes. mPEG-SH conjugated to the surface of simple polyelectrolyte-coated GNRs was verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; this improved stability, reduced cytotoxicity, and increased the encapsulation and loading efficiency of the nanoparticle dispersions. The GNR-photosensitizer complexes were exposed to the high/low PDT mode (high light dose = 80 mW/cm2 for 0.5 min; low light dose = 25 mW/cm2 for 1.5 min), and a high PDT efficacy leads to approximately 90% tumor cell killing. Due to synergistic plasmonic photothermal properties of the complexes, the high/low PDT mode demonstrated improved efficacy over using single wavelength continuous laser irradiation. Additionally, no significant loss in viability was observed in cells exposed to free AlPcS4 photosensitizer under the same irradiation conditions. Consequently, free AlPcS4 released from GNRs prior to cellular entry did not contribute to cytotoxicity of normal cells or impose limitations on the use of the high power density laser. This high/low PDT mode may effectively lead to a safer and more efficient photodynamic therapy for superficial tumors.
The computational complexity evaluation is necessary for software defined Forward Error Correction (FEC) decoders. However, currently there are a limited number of literatures concerning on the FEC ...complexity evaluation using analytical methods. In this paper, three high efficient coding schemes including Turbo, QC-LDPC and Convolutional code (CC) are investigated. The hardware-friendly decoding pseudo-codes are provided with explicit parallel execution and memory access procedure. For each step of the pseudo-codes, the parallelism and the operations in each processing element are given. Based on it the total amount of operations is derived. The comparison of the decoding complexity among these FEC algorithms is presented, and the percentage of each computation step is illustrated. The requirements for attaining the evaluated results and reference hardware platforms are provided. The benchmarks of state-of-the-art SDR platforms are compared with the proposed evaluations. The analytical FEC complexity results are beneficial for the design and optimization of high throughput software defined FEC decoding platforms.
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