Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and systemic embolism. Several studies have suggested that female AF patients could have a greater risk for stroke. There is ...scarce information about clinical characteristics and use of antithrombotic therapies in Latin American patients with nonvalvular AF.
To describe the gender differences in clinical characteristics, thromboembolic risk, and antithrombotic therapy of patients with nonvalvular AF recruited in Mexico, an upper middle-income country, into the prospective national CARMEN-AF Registry.
A total of 1423 consecutive patients, with at least one thromboembolic risk factor were enrolled in CARMEN-AF Registry during a three-year period (2014–2017). They were categorized according to Gender.
Overall, 48.6% were women, mean age 70 ± 12 years. Diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, and obstructive sleep apnea were higher in men. Most women were found with paroxysmal AF (40.6%), and most men with permanent AF (44.0%). No gender differences were found in the use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (30.5% in women vs. 28.0% in men). No gender differences were found in the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) (33.8% women vs 35.4% men).
CARMEN-AF Registry demonstrates that in Mexico, regardless of gender, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated. No gender differences were found in the use of VKA or DOAC.
Thermosensitive polymers based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) have been widely evaluated in a variety of biomedical applications due to their particular thermal behavior in aqueous ...solutions. Despite this, few works have focused on the complementary analysis of the thermal transitions of pNIPAM polymers in linear and crosslinked form. In this work, linear and crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) p(NIPAM‐co‐AA) copolymers were synthesized at similar NIPAM/AA feed composition and their thermosensitive behavior was studied by turbidimetric methods, FTIR spectroscopy analysis, and temperature‐dependent swelling measurements. The intermolecular crosslinking hindered the hydrophobic aggregation of chain segments, leading to higher transition temperatures of synthesized polymers. AA units promoted the intersegment hydrogen bonds during heating and strengthened the hydrogen bond interactions water‐network. The effect of the thermosensitive behavior of p(NIPAM‐co‐AA) copolymer on curcumin (CUR) release kinetic was also studied. The low uptake level of p(NIPAM‐co‐AA) hydrogel, partially shrunken at 37°C, produced a CUR sustained delivery, reaching the release equilibrium state up to 18 h. Hydrogels of p(NIPAM‐co‐AA) with a suitable composition exhibited a promising performance for the CUR controlled delivery at physiological conditions.
Curcumin controlled release of a crosslinked copolymer system based on N‐isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid.
The incidence of coliform bacteria (CB), thermotolerant coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli, and Salmonella was determined for zucchini squash fruit. In addition, the behavior of four serotypes of ...Salmonella and a cocktail of three E. coli strains on whole and sliced zucchini squash at 25+/-2 degrees C and 3 to 5 degrees C was tested. Squash fruit was collected in the markets of Pachuca city, Hidalgo State, Mexico. CB, TC, E. coli, and Salmonella were detected in 100, 70, 62, and 10% of the produce, respectively. The concentration ranged from 3.8 to 7.4 log CFU per sample for CB, and >3 to 1,100 most probable number per sample for TC and E. coli. On whole fruit stored at 25+/-2 degrees C or 3 to 5 degrees C, no growth was observed for any of the tested microorganisms or cocktails thereof. After 15 days at 25+/-2 degrees C, the tested Salmonella serotypes had decreased from an initial inoculum level of 7 log CFU to <1 log, and at 3 to 5 degrees C they decreased to approximately 2 log. Survival of E. coli was significantly greater than for the Salmonella strains at the same times and temperatures; after 15 days, at 25+/-2 degrees C E. coli cocktail strains had decreased to 3.4 log CFU per fruit and at 3 to 5 degrees C they decreased to 3.6 log CFU per fruit. Both the Salmonella serotypes and E. coli strains grew when inoculated onto sliced squash: after 24 h at 25+/-2 degrees C, both bacteria had grown to approximately 6.5 log CFU per slice. At 3 to 5 degrees C, the bacterial growth was inhibited. The squash may be an important factor contributing to the endemicity of Salmonella in Mexico.
The 2012 and 2013 annual influenza epidemics in Mexico were characterized by presenting different seasonal patterns. In 2012 the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus caused a high incidence of influenza infections ...after a two-year period of low circulation; whereas the 2013 epidemic presented circulation of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus throughout the year. We have characterized the molecular composition of the Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from both epidemic seasons, emphasizing the genetic characteristics of viruses isolated from Yucatan in Southern Mexico. The molecular analysis of viruses from the 2012 revealed that all viruses from Mexico were predominantly grouped in clade 7. Strikingly, the molecular characterization of viruses from 2013 revealed that viruses circulating in Yucatan were genetically different to viruses from other regions of Mexico. In fact, we identified the occurrence of two genetic variants containing relevant mutations at both the HA and NA surface antigens. There was a difference on the temporal circulation of each genetic variant, viruses containing the mutations HA-A141T / NA-N341S were detected in May, June and July; whereas viruses containing the mutations HA-S162I / NA-L206S circulated in August and September. We discuss the significance of these novel genetic changes.
Mexico City has one of the highest incidences of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) globally, with patients showing low survival, and high relapse rates. To gain more insight into the molecular ...features of B-ALL in Mexican children, we isolated CD10 + /CD19 + precursor B lymphoblasts from four bone marrow and nine peripheral blood samples of B-ALL patients using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting protocol. The global gene expression profile (BM vs PB) revealed 136 differentially expressed genes; 62 were upregulated (45.6%) and 74 were downregulated (54.4%). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the similarity between pre-B lymphoblast populations. We selected 26 highly significant genes and validated 21 by RT-qPCR (
CNN3, STON2, CALN1, RUNX2, GADD45A, CDC45, CDC20, PLK1, AIDA, HCK, LY86, GPR65, PIK3CG, LILRB2, IL7R, TCL1A, DOCK1, HIST1H3G, PTPN14, CD72,
and
NT5E
)
.
The gene set enrichment analysis of the total expression matrix and the ingenuity pathway analysis of the 136 differentially expressed genes showed that the cell cycle was altered in the bone marrow with four overexpressed genes (
PLK1, CDC20, CDC45,
and
GADD45A
) and a low expression of
IL7R
and
PIK3CG,
which are involved in B cell differentiation. A comparative bioinformatics analysis of 15 bone marrow and 10 peripheral blood samples from Hispanic B-ALL patients collected by the TARGET program, corroborated the genes observed, except for
PIK3CG
. We conclude the Mexican and the Hispanic B-ALL patients studied present common driver alterations and histotype-specific mutations that could facilitate risk stratification and diagnostic accuracy and serve as potential therapeutic targets.
B-cell precursor acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) represents a worldwide public health issue. Particularly, Mexico is one of the countries with the highest incidence of ALL in children. Between the ...multiple factors involved in ALL etiology, genetic alterations are clearly one of the most relevant features. In this work, a group of 24 B-ALL patients, all negative for the four most frequent gene fusions ( ETV6-RUNX1, BCR-ABL1, TCF3-PBX1 and MLL-AF4 ), were included in a high-resolution microarray analysis in order to evaluate genomic copy-number alterations (CNAs). The results of this preliminary report showed a broad genomic heterogeneity among the studied samples; 58% of the patients were hyperdiploid and 33% displayed a chromosome 9p deletion of variable length affecting genes CDKN2A/B , two patients displayed genomic instability with a high number of focal CNAs, three patients presented unique duplications affecting 2q, 12p and 1q, respectively, and one patient displayed no copy number imbalances. The copy-number profile of 44 genes previously related to B-ALL was heterogeneous as well. Overall results highlight the need for a detailed description of the genetic alterations in ALL cancer cells in order to understand the molecular pathogenesis of the disease and to identify any prognostic markers with clinical significance.
The 2012 and 2013 annual influenza epidemics in Mexico were characterized by presenting different seasonal patterns. In 2012 the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus caused a high incidence of influenza infections ...after a two-year period of low circulation; whereas the 2013 epidemic presented circulation of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus throughout the year. We have characterized the molecular composition of the Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) genes of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus from both epidemic seasons, emphasizing the genetic characteristics of viruses isolated from Yucatan in Southern Mexico. The molecular analysis of viruses from the 2012 revealed that all viruses from Mexico were predominantly grouped in clade 7. Strikingly, the molecular characterization of viruses from 2013 revealed that viruses circulating in Yucatan were genetically different to viruses from other regions of Mexico. In fact, we identified the occurrence of two genetic variants containing relevant mutations at both the HA and NA surface antigens. There was a difference on the temporal circulation of each genetic variant, viruses containing the mutations HA-A141T / NA-N341S were detected in May, June and July; whereas viruses containing the mutations HA-S162I / NA-L206S circulated in August and September. We discuss the significance of these novel genetic changes.
Although there have been a numerous number of studies on mathematical model of hot metal desulfurization by deep injection of calcium carbide, the research field as a whole is not well integrated. ...This paper presents a model that takes into account the kinetics, thermodynamics, and transport processes to predict the sulfur levels in the hot metal throughout a blow. The model could be utilized to assess the influence of the treatment temperature, rate of injection, gas flow rate, and initial concentration of sulfur on the desulfurization kinetics. In the second part of this paper an analysis of the industrial data for injection of calcium carbide using this model is described. From a mathematical model that describes the characteristics of a system, it is possible to predict the behavior of the variables involved in the process, resulting in savings of time and money. Discretization is realized through the finite difference method combined with interpolation in the border domain by Taylor series.
Water photolysis to molecular hydrogen and oxygen is one of the most promising chemical reactions for a sustainable hydrogen generation. The search for catalysts for this process is an important ...research area; some of the most suggested catalysts are manganese complexes. However, several studies propose the use of the complex: tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride to be used as catalyst in artificial photosynthesis. In spite of this, the conferred properties by the 2,2′-bipyridyl ligand, in manganese or ruthenium complexes has not yet been discussed extensively.
In this work, in order to obtain more insight of the behavior of manganese(II) with several ligands such as 2,2′-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline, a spectrophotometric study of the speciation in methanol of these systems at 298K, was performed. The formation constants obtained for the manganese(II)-2, 2′-bipyridyl system are: log β110 = 7.81 and log β120 = 14.68; for the manganese(II)-1,10-phenanthroline system are log β110 = 6.94 and log β120 = 12.86. These results were obtained by refining the experimental spectrophotometric data using the HypSpec software. In addition, a brief discussion of the comparison of the calculated individual electronic spectra of the complexes reported in this work with the spectrum of the tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride and the manganese-calcium oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II is presented.
In this work, a spectrophotometric study of the speciation in methanol of the systems of manganese(II) with several ligands such as 2,2′-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline, at 298K, was performed. A discussion of the comparison of the calculated individual electronic spectra of these complexes is also presented. Display omitted
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