El fundador del Opus Dei estableció las semanas de trabajo como
instrumento de gobierno y de escucha de las diversas regiones de la Obra. De
las seis semanas que organizó durante su vida, destaca la ...última por la amplia
consulta que se hizo a personas del Opus Dei.
The founder of Opus Dei
stablished the Work Weeks as an instrument of governance and hearing of
the different regions of the Work. Among the six weeks he organized in his
life, the last one is remarkable for the broad consultation made to people of
Opus Dei
During his lifetime, the founder of Opus Dei made two changes to his names: he united the first two into one —Josemaría— and added the toponymic “de Balaguer” to his first surname. This study ...analyzes the reasons for these changes and the ways in which the founder himself expressed his name.
During his lifetime,
the founder of Opus Dei made two changes to his names: he united the first
two into one —Josemaría— and added the toponymic “de Balaguer” to his
first surname. This study ...analyzes the reasons for these changes and the ways
in which the founder himself expressed his name
Durante su vida el fundador del Opus Dei realizó dos modificaciones en sus nombres: unió los dos primeros en uno —Josemaría— y añadió
el toponímico “de Balaguer” a su primer apellido. Este estudio analiza los
motivos por los que se produjeron esos cambios y los modos en que el propio
fundador expresó su nombre
In January 1933, Josemaría Escrivá began a formation program aimed at young people. A series of weekly classes was the principal instrument of formation, which, based on a pre-established plan, ...explored various core aspects of the Christian life. These classes extended over five months, lasting until the commencement of the summer vacation, and were resumed the following academic year. The annotated transcript of the summaries of these classes helps us to understand how Escrivá transmitted to the students of the 1930s the message of holiness in the midst of the world characteristic of Opus Dei.
The founder of Opus Dei stablished the Work Weeks as an instrument of governance and hearing of the different regions of the Work. Among the six weeks he organized in his life, the last one is ...remarkable for the broad consultation made to people of Opus Dei.
In January 1933, Josemaría Escrivá began a formation program aimed
at young people. A series of weekly classes was the principal instrument of formation, which, based on a pre-established plan, ...explored various core aspects
of the Christian life. These classes extended over five months, lasting until
the commencement of the summer vacation, and were resumed the following
academic year. The annotated transcript of the summaries of these classes
helps us to understand how Escrivá transmitted to the students of the 1930s
the message of holiness in the midst of the world characteristic of Opus Dei.
En el mes de enero de 1933, Josemaría Escrivá comenzó un plan de
formación destinado a la juventud. El principal instrumento formativo fueron
unas clases semanales que, de acuerdo con un esquema establecido, desarrollaron
diversos aspectos nucleares de la vida cristiana. Las clases duraron cinco meses,
hasta la llegada de las vacaciones de verano, y se reanudaron en el siguiente curso
académico. La transcripción comentada de los resúmenes de esas clases ayuda a
entender cómo Escrivá transmitió a los estudiantes de los años treinta el mensaje
de santidad en medio del mundo característico del Opus Dei.
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•Barley straw is renewable sources to obtain bioactive xylooligosaccharides (XOS).•Enzymatic hydrolysis was used to obtain XOS with diverse polymerization degrees.•XOS were ...characterized by HPLC, HPAEC-PAD, FTIR and MALDI TOF MS.•In vitro fermentation assays confirmed the bifidogenic properties.
The biorefinery concept integrates the production of energy and bioproducts from biomass. In this philosophy, barley straw samples were used as raw material for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) mixtures from soluble hemicelluloses by steam-explosion pretreatment. This fraction was treated by ion-exchange (XOS1) and a combination of membrane filtration, enzymatic hydrolysis, and ion-exchange processes (XOS2) to produce prebiotic compounds. The afforded products were then characterized by using analytical techniques, including HPAEC-PAD, FTIR, and MALDI-TOF-MS. XOS2 is composed of a backbone of xylopyranosyl branched, which including acetyl-esterified oligosaccharides and feruloyl substituted arabino-oligosaccharides.
Further, the prebiotic potential was evaluated by in vitro fermentation experiments using as inocula human fecal samples from volunteers in which the short-chain fatty acids production, total bacteria growth, and the bifidobacteria numbers were quantified and compared to the results obtained with commercial fructooligosaccharides.
The accumulation of short-chain fatty acids was similar for XOS1 and XOS2 (102.7 and 117.2 mM). An increase of 1.50 and 1.43 log cell number/mL-fold was observed for media containing XOS1 and XOS2, respectively. Results obtained confirm that the production and use of XOS derived from steam-exploded barley straw such as functional ingredient is an alternative for the valorization of its hemicelluloses fraction into the “biorefinery” context.
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