The primary objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of recruitment, retention, and delivery of biomarker feedback among men partaking in Shape Up, a physical activity for health ...programme. Secondarily, it explored the potential effects of biomarker feedback on participants' adherence and motivation levels.
In this two-arm non-randomised pilot study, 46 men (mean±SD age 46.0±8.6 years) participating in the 12-week Shape Up programme were assigned to a control group or biomarker feedback group. Biomarker feedback consisted of 3 blood test panels: at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks (follow-up), each with a doctor's report. Both groups completed questionnaires (Short Active Lives Survey SALS, Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire TSRQ, and EQ-5D-5L) to gauge levels of motivation and engagement. The mean difference was calculated between baseline and programme end. Recruitment, retention, and attendance rates were determined.
Mean recruitment (approach-to-consent), retention, and attendance rates were 96.3%, 92.3%, and 83.7% in the control group, and 85.2%, 86.2%, and 81.5% in the biomarker feedback group, respectively. Of biomarker feedback group participants, 86.4% attended their 12-week blood test and 45.5% attended their follow-up blood test. The mean 12-week differences (95% CI) for the control group and biomarker feedback group were 138.1 (2.7, 273.5) and 467.3 (249.4, 685.2) for active minutes per week, 0.2 (-0.8, 1.2) and 0.4 (0.0, 0.8) for autonomous TSRQ domains, 0.2 (-0.3, 0.8) and 0.8 (0.1, 1.4) for controlled TSRQ domains, and 19 (12.7, 26.5) and 27.2 (19.8, 34.6) for EQ-5D-5L scores, respectively.
Biomarker feedback was well-received by participants and deemed feasible, with high recruitment and retention rates for the duration of the 12-week programme. Biomarker feedback may affect aspects of motivation but did not appear to influence adherence to the programme. Biomarker data may provide additional evidence of programme efficacy. Important design considerations are provided for definitive larger-scale trials.
This paper introduces and uses Lakatos' idea of research programmes to summarise and critically evaluate academic discourse towards knowledge capital theory. The analysis uses rational reconstruction ...to formulate the components of the hardcore and protective belt of knowledge capital theory. By critically surveying the literature, it challenges the validity of the claims made by Erik Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann and the OECD that there is a causal link between cognitive development and economic growth. It concludes by stating that knowledge capital theory in its current form is degenerate and should be considered a high-risk research programme and that more sophisticated theories are required to be developed to explain current phenomena.
Liberating hydrogen: Strong Lewis or Brønsted acids react with ammonia–borane (H3NBH3) to form an in situ boronium cation, resulting in the formation of a mixture of cyclic and acyclic BNHx oligomers ...and the liberation of H2 (see scheme). A proposed mechanism is supported by an examination of the reaction thermodynamics using density functional theory.
Abstract
This article argues that between the 1890s and the 1920s, Cocopa Indians successfully parried the threats of expanding settler nation-states and modern capitalism by adapting ancestral ...mobility patterns to modern constraints of the U.S.-Mexico border. By moving with the changing flow of the Colorado River and, later, providing a cheap and indispensable migratory labor supply for both U.S. and Mexican farmers and ranchers, Cocopas were surprisingly successful at retaining autonomy within their ancestral homeland, even as both governments sought to enforce the international border and to colonize Cocopa lands. But a series of impediments eventually placed new and lasting limits on Cocopas’ abilities to move freely through their homeland of the Colorado River delta. A detailed account of how and why Cocopas moved, how and why state agents tried to limit their movements, and how and why both of these factors changed over time helps us understand why some Native peoples retained vestiges of autonomy within their ancestral homelands during an era commonly associated with genocide, displacement, or assimilation on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. This story shows us that Native movement was not only a geopolitical act but depended upon the specific landscapes in which it occurred. Long after the ink had dried on the map, this portion of the U.S.-Mexico border was rendered unstable by a river that knew no bounds and a people who knew how to move with it.
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a potent metabolic regulator and a major drug target. While GR is known to play integral roles in circadian biology, its rhythmic genomic actions have never been ...characterized. Here we mapped GR’s chromatin occupancy in mouse livers throughout the day and night cycle. We show how GR partitions metabolic processes by time-dependent target gene regulation and controls circulating glucose and triglycerides differentially during feeding and fasting. Highlighting the dominant role GR plays in synchronizing circadian amplitudes, we find that the majority of oscillating genes are bound by and depend on GR. This rhythmic pattern is altered by high-fat diet in a ligand-independent manner. We find that the remodeling of oscillatory gene expression and postprandial GR binding results from a concomitant increase of STAT5 co-occupancy in obese mice. Altogether, our findings highlight GR’s fundamental role in the rhythmic orchestration of hepatic metabolism.
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•The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) shows rhythmic binding to chromatin in mouse liver•The majority of diurnally oscillating transcripts are directly regulated by GR•Hepatic GR controls circulating glucose and triglycerides during feeding and fasting•High-fat diet (HFD) enhances GR-STAT5 co-occupancy of metabolic enhancers at night
Glucocorticoid hormones are secreted with a prominent daily rhythm, but their diurnal genomic actions remain uncharacterized. Quagliarini et al. show how the glucocorticoid receptor controls daily cycles of glucose and triglyceride metabolism by time-dependent chromatin binding and target gene transcription and how this rhythm is augmented by high-fat diet.
The reactions of LnCl3 with molten boric acid result in the formation of LnB4O6(OH)2Cl (Ln = La–Nd), Ln4B18O25(OH)13Cl3 (Ln = Sm, Eu), or LnB6O9(OH)3 (Ln = Y, Eu–Lu). The reactions of AnCl3 (An = Pu, ...Am, Cm) with molten boric acid under the same conditions yield PuB4O6(OH)2Cl and Pu2B13O19(OH)5Cl2(H2O)3, AmB9O13(OH)4·H2O, or Cm2B14O20(OH)7(H2O)2Cl. These compounds possess three-dimensional network structures where rare earth borate layers are joined together by BO3 and/or BO4 groups. There is a shift from 10-coordinate Ln3+ and An3+ cations with capped triangular cupola geometries for the early members of both series to 9-coordinate hula-hoop geometries for the later elements. Cm3+ is anomalous in that it contains both 9- and 10-coordinate metal ions. Despite these materials being synthesized under identical conditions, the two series do not parallel one another. Electronic structure calculations with multireference, CASSCF, and density functional theory (DFT) methods reveal the An 5f orbitals to be localized and predominately uninvolved in bonding. For the Pu(III) borates, a Pu 6p orbital is observed with delocalized electron density on basal oxygen atoms contrasting the Am(III) and Cm(III) borates, where a basal O 2p orbital delocalizes to the An 6d orbital. The electronic structure of the Ce(III) borate is similar to the Pu(III) complexes in that the Ce 4f orbital is localized and noninteracting, but the Ce 5p orbital shows no interaction with the coordinating ligands. Natural bond orbital and natural population analyses at the DFT level illustrate distinctive larger Pu 5f atomic occupancy relative to Am and Cm 5f, as well as unique involvement and occupancy of the An 6d orbitals.
ATV-Related Trauma in the Pediatric Population Giertych, Benjamin; Morrow, Vincent R; Rizwan, Umer ...
Journal of pediatric orthopaedics,
2023-Sep-01, 2023-09-00, 20230901, Letnik:
43, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) are prevalent in Appalachia and cause significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. This study investigated the injury types and severity in pediatric ...patients over a 15-year period.
A retrospective chart review was performed on pediatric ATV-related traumas presenting to our institution from 2005 to 2020. Patients were divided into 3 age groups (0-7, 8-12, and 13-17 y) to evaluate differences in accident demographics, hospitalization, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, substance use, characterization of orthopaedic and nonorthopaedic injuries, and procedures performed.
Inclusion criteria were met by 802 patients. Males represented 71.7% (n=575) and females 28.3% (n=227); the mean age was 12.4 years. The majority (88.5%, n=710) of patients admitted following their accident had a mean stay length of 3.3 days. Of admissions, intensive care unit admission was required by 23.8%, n=191 (mean stay 4.0 d). There were 7 fatalities. The vast majority of accidents occurred between May and September (79.2%, n=635). In patients with documented helmet status, 45% (n=271) were helmeted. Roughly half of all patients (n=393) sustained a fracture (excluding fractures to the head), 370 sustained an injury to the head/face, 129 sustained intra-abdominal/intra-thoracic injuries, and 29 sustained injuries to all 3 systems. The most common fractures involved the forearm (n=98), femur (n=65), and spine (n=59). The most common open fractures were the tibia (n=12), humerus (n=8), and forearm (n=8). The oldest group was more likely than the middle or younger groups to sustain spine ( P <0.0001), pelvis ( P =0.0001), hand ( P =0.0089), and foot ( P =0.0487) fractures. Ethanol testing was positive in 5.0% (n=25) of the oldest group and cannabinoids were present in 6.8% (n=34). The youngest group was significantly more likely to sustain a fracture of the humerus than the middle or older groups ( P <0.0001). Orthopaedic surgical management was required in 24.4% (n=196) of patients.
Pediatric ATV accidents present a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Further intervention is necessary to minimize pediatric ATV injuries.
Level IV-Retrospective Case Series.
Thermochemical parameters of a set of small-sized neutral (B n ) and anionic (B n −) boron clusters, with n = 5−13, were determined using coupled-cluster theory CCSD(T) calculations with the ...aug-cc-pVnZ (n = D, T, and Q) basis sets extrapolated to the complete basis set limit (CBS) plus addition corrections and/or G3B3 calculations. Enthalpies of formation, adiabatic electron affinities (EA), vertical (VDE), and adiabatic (ADE) detachment energies were evaluated. Our calculated EAs are in good agreement with recent experiments (values in eV): B5 (CBS, 2.29; G3B3, 2.48; exptl., 2.33 ± 0.02), B6 (CBS, 2.59; G3B3, 3.23; exptl., 3.01 ± 0.04), B7 (CBS, 2.62; G3B3, 2.67; exptl., 2.55 ± 0.05), B8 (CBS, 3.02; G3B3, 3.11; exptl., 3.02 ± 0.02), B9 (G3B3, 3.03; exptl., 3.39 ± 0.06), B10 (G3B3, 2.85; exptl., 2.88 ± 0.09), B11 (G3B4, 3.48;, exptl., 3.43 ± 0.01), B12 (G3B3, 2.33; exptl., 2.21 ± 0.04), and B13 (G3B3, 3.62; exptl., 3.78 ± 0.02). The difference between the calculated adiabatic electron affinity and the adiabatic detachment energy for B6 is due to the fact that the geometry of the anion is not that of the ground-state neutral. The calculated adiabatic detachment energies to the 3Au, C 2h and 1Ag, D 2h excited states of B6, which have geometries similar to the 1Ag, D 2h state of B6 −, are 2.93 and 3.06 eV, in excellent agreement with experiment. The VDEs were also well reproduced by the calculations. Partitioning of the electron localization functions into π and σ components allows probing of the partial and local delocalization in global nonaromatic systems. The larger clusters appear to exhibit multiple aromaticity. The binding energies per atom vary in a parallel manner for both neutral and anionic series and approach the experimental value for the heat of atomization of B. The resonance energies and the normalized resonance energies are convenient indices to quantify the stabilization of a cluster of elements.
The crystal structure of Th(BH4)4 is described. Two of the four BH4 – ions are terminal and tridentate (κ3), whereas the other two bridge between neighboring ThIV centers in a κ2,κ2 (i.e., ...bis-bidentate) fashion. Thus, each thorium center is bound to six BH4 – groups by 14 Th–H bonds. The six boron atoms describe a distorted octahedron in which the κ3-BH4 – ions are mutually cis; the 14 ligating hydrogen atoms define a highly distorted bicapped hexagonal antiprism. The thorium centers are linked into a polymer consisting of interconnected helical chains wound about 4-fold screw axes. The structures of An(BH4)4 (An = Th, U) were also investigated by DFT. The geometries of An(BH4)62–, An3(BH4)164–, and An5(BH4)266– fragments of the polymeric structures were optimized at the B3LYP and/or PBE levels. Most calculated geometries are 14-coordinate and agree with the experimental structures, but isolated Th(BH4)62– units are predicted to feature 16-coordinate ThIV centers.
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