The aim of this study was to assess changes in the lipid peroxidation activity and immune response in modeling inflammatory and degenerative damage to the soft tissues of the periodontium of Wistar ...rats. Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats weighing 220-250g. Modeling the inflammatory and degenerative damage to the soft tissues of the periodontium in animals (n=10) of the test group (TG) was carried out using a single dose of a 2% formaldehyde aqueous solution injected into each side of the outer part of the gums (0.15 ml) at the level of the lower molars of anesthetized animals. The control group (CG) of animals (n=10) received an injection of physiological saline solution in the same volume. In 3 days after damage modeling, the animals were killed by decapitation and blood samples were drawn for testing. The intensity of LPO processes in the blood was estimated by content of conjugated dienes and TBA-reactive substances (TBARS). The status of the AOD system was determined by the SOD activity and GSH level. The immune status of the animals was assessed by several indicators as leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT), the phagocytic reaction of neutrophils, and oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent microbicidal activity of neutrophils. Results: The results obtained showed that the modeling of inflammatory and degenerative damage to the periodontium in rats was characterized by significant changes, affecting both the LPO system and the immune response. An LMIT conducted with various mitogens demonstrated the development of immunodeficiency in TG characterized by high activity of the inflammatory process. Immune disorders in animals of TG were also supported by changes in the phagocytosis system. Low levels on the integral NBT test indicate disorders in the state of oxygen-dependent microbicidal systems of phagocytes. The assessment of the activity of oxygen-independent microbicidal systems of phagocytes in LCT also found disorders in the immune status of animals of TG. Conclusion: Inflammatory and degenerative damage of the soft tissues of the periodontium in rats is accompanied by pronounced disorders in both the LPO system and the immune response.
Background.
Spread of childhood obesity is associated with social and economic factors of modern lifestyle that alter food preferences and lead to sedentary life. Nowadays fatty hepatosis is ...considered a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which is linked to the rising prevalence of obesity among the population. There is evidence of a correlation between metabolic disorders and oxidative stress reactions.
Aims.
To study characteristics of lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant defense processes in adolescents with fatty hepatosis.
Materials and methods.
We examined 15 adolescents with obesity and fatty hepatosis, 20 adolescents with obesity and without fatty hepatosis, and 20 apparently healthy adolescents, who formed the control group. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used in the research.
Results.
We found that some components of antioxidant status of adolescents with obesity and fatty hepatosis were decreased, both in comparison with the group with obesity without hepatosis and control group.
Conclusions.
It is recommended that patients with obesity and fatty hepatosis take antioxidants in addition to metabolic therapy.
The purpose of this study was to assess the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidative defense (AOD) indicators in different ethnic groups of adolescent girls with exogenous constitutional obesity ...(ECO) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and Methods: A total of 20 Mongoloid teenage girls and 20 Caucasian teenage girls with NAFLD (Clinical group 1 and Clinical group 2, respectively) on the background of ECO of the first degree were examined. For comparison, data of 28 healthy Mongoloid teenage girls (Control group 1) and 20 Caucasian teenage girls (Control group 2) were used. The plasma level of antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant activity TTA, SOD activity, α-tocopherol and retinol) and primary/secondary products of LPO (conjugated dienes CD, ketodienes and conjugated trienes KD-CT, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS) were determined using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Results: Evaluation of the activity of LPO reactions in Clinical group 1 indicated an increase in the content of CD, KD-CT, and TBARS relative to Control group 1. In Clinical group 2, we found an increased CD content (P=0.0463) relative to Control group 2. Interethnic differences resulted in elevated levels of KD-CT in Clinical group 1 compared to Clinical group 2.In the parameters of the AOD system, we observed reduced levels of TAA, retinol and glutathione-S-transferase (G-S-T) activity in Clinical group 2 compared to Control group 2. In Clinical group 1, we observed reduced levels of α-tocopherol, retinol and G-S-T activity compared to Control group 1. There were no differences in the parameters of the AOD system between Clinical group 1 and Clinical group 2. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate high activity of LPO processes and severe deficiency of antioxidant factors in Mongoloid girls with ECO and NAFLD in comparison with Caucasian girls with obesity and NAFLD and the control group. The obtained results allow us to recommend administration of antioxidant drugs in addition to basic therapy in comprehensive treatment of patients with NAFLD.
Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. This trial assessed the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib versus placebo in patients with polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
...This double-blind, withdrawal phase 3 trial enrolled patients with polyarticular course JIA (extended oligoarthritis, rheumatoid factor-positive or rheumatoid factor-negative polyarthritis, or systemic JIA without active systemic features) aged 2 years to younger than 18 years, and was done at 64 centres of the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation and Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group networks in 14 countries. Patients with psoriatic arthritis or enthesitis-related arthritis were enrolled for exploratory endpoints. During part 1 of the study, patients received oral open-label tofacitinib (weight-based doses; 5 mg twice daily or lower) for 18 weeks. Patients achieving at least JIA/American College of Rheumatology 30 response were randomly assigned (1:1) using an Interactive Response Technology system to continue tofacitinib or switch to placebo in part 2 of the study for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was JIA flare rate by week 44 in part 2 in patients with polyarticular course JIA; the intention-to-treat principle was applied. Safety was evaluated throughout part 1 and part 2 of the study in all patients who received one dose or more of study medication. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02592434.
Between June 10, 2016, and May 16, 2019, of 225 patients enrolled, 184 (82%) patients had polyarticular course JIA, 20 (9%) had psoriatic arthritis, and 21 (9%) had enthesitis-related arthritis. 147 (65%) of 225 patients received concomitant methotrexate. In part 2, 142 patients with polyarticular course JIA were assigned to tofacitinib (n=72) or placebo (n=70). Flare rate by week 44 was significantly lower with tofacitinib (21 29% of 72 patients) than with placebo (37 53% of 70 patients; hazard ratio 0·46, 95% CI 0·27–0·79; p=0·0031). In part 2 of the study, adverse events occurred in 68 (77%) of 88 patients receiving tofacitinib and 63 (74%) of 85 in the placebo group. Serious adverse events occurred in one (1%) and two (2%), respectively. In the entire tofacitinib exposure period, 107 (48%) of 225 patients had infections or infestations. There were no deaths during this study.
The results of this pivotal trial show that tofacitinib is an effective treatment in patients with polyarticular course JIA. New oral therapies are particularly relevant for children and adolescents, who might prefer to avoid injections.
Pfizer.
IntroductionOver the last decades researchers discuss the interconnection between obesity and metabolic syndrome, the main manifestations of which include obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, ...and hypertension.AimTo determine biochemical parameters in obese adolescents of Asian and Caucasian ethnicities, living in a rural area.Materials and methodsWe investigated 200 adolescents with overweight and obesity aged 11–17 years: 43 Asian adolescents and 29 Caucasian adolescents. The control group comprised 128 adolescents with normal body weight in both ethnic groups. All adolescents were living in Buryatia (Russia). Overweight was diagnosed when body mass index (BMI)>85 percentile, obesity – at BMI ≥ 95. Metabolic status was established by the spectrophotometric method. The following parameters were determined and analyzed: total cholesterol, high and low density lipoproteins fractions, triglycerides, fasting glucose and two-hour post-load glucose levels.ResultsAfter comparison of biochemical parameters, we found changes in carbohydrate metabolism in obese adolescents. Glucose tolerance test showed significant differences between two-hour post-load glucose levels between groups with obesity and normal body weight (4.63 ± 0.62 mmol/L against 3.89 ± 0.62 mmol/L, respectively in Asian adolescents, p = 0.000 и 4.48 ± 0.9 mmol/L against 3.89 ± 0.5 mmol/L, respectively in Caucasian adolescents, p = 0.000). We found significant differences between levels of this parameter among adolescents with obesity of Asian and Caucasian ethnicities (4.63 ± 0.62 mmol/L against 4.48 ± 0.9 mmol/L, respectively, p = 0.006). Mean group values of fat metabolism in adolescents with obesity were within normal values, however during a frequency analysis we detected changes: hypercholesteremia in 6.8% in Asian adolescents and 4.6% in Caucasian adolescents. Hypertriglyceridemia was detected in 16.3% cases of Asians and 9.2% in the Caucasian group, p=0.007. Hypolipoproteinemia in obese adolescents was noticed in 6.7% of Asians (in Caucasian group –3.4%, p = 0.569).ConclusionsTherefore all metabolic changes, mentioned above, are more typical for the natives than for newcomer, namely, Caucasian people, which probably may be associated with food stereotypes and consuming food rich in animal fats. At the same time traditional food stereotypes in Asian ethnicities may contribute to adaptation to atherogenesis and development of resistance to atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, predominantly of the type 1.
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